资源类型

期刊论文 10

年份

2022 1

2020 1

2018 1

2015 1

2014 3

2013 1

2012 1

2010 1

展开 ︾

关键词

工程管理伦理；工程向善；管理伦理指南；伦理领导力；伦理智慧 1

展开 ︾

检索范围：

排序： 展示方式：

Current hepatitis B treatment guidelines and future research directions

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 145-157 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0335-1

摘要：

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes a tremendous clinical burden across the world with more than half a million people dying annually from HBV related disease. Significant advances have been made in HBV treatment in the past decade and several guidelines have been published by professional societies and expert panels. Although these recommendations have been valuable to help optimize HBV treatment, there is discordance in treatment criteria and many patients infected with HBV may fall outside of these recommendations. This paper systematically reviews the natural history of the disease and compares and contrasts the recommendations for initiation of treatment from the various societies. There is also discussion of special groups that require particular consideration and some of the open research questions and future research directions within the field.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B     HBV treatment guidelines     APASL guidelines     EASL guidelines     AASLD guidelines    

HTML PDF 收藏

Review of recent guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock

Jin-Nong ZHANG MD, Bo PENG BA, Jamile WOODS MD, Wei PENG MD, PhD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 54-58 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0008-7

摘要： Severe sepsis and septic shock affect millions of patients and are major causes of mortality worldwide. Advancements in treatment and disease management led to a decline in in-hospital mortality from 27.8% (1979–1984) to 17.9% (1995 to 2000). In this article, we systemically review recent guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock published in 2008 by the International Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee. The 2008 Surviving Sepsis guidelines recommend protocolized resuscitation with goals to maintain central venous pressure≥8–12mmHg, mean arterial pressure≥65mmHg, urine output≥0.5mL·kg·h and central venous oxygen saturation≥70% (or mixed venous≥65%). Further fluid administration, transfusion of packed red blood cells to achieve a hematocrit of≥30% and/or infusion of dobutamine max 20µg·kg·min are advised if venous O saturations remain below 70%. In patients with decreased ventricular compliance or mechanical ventilation, a target central venous pressure of 12–15mmHg is recommended. Intravenous antibiotic administration within the first hour of recognizing severe sepsis and septic shock is essential, while use of corticosteroids in sepsis is controversial. The mechanisms by which activated protein C improves clinical outcomes in sepsis are unknown. Therapy with activated protein C is approved for patients with severe sepsis and an increased risk of death [Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II)>25]. Bicarbonate therapy is discouraged. Intravenous insulin should be used to control hyperglycemia in patients with severe sepsis following stabilization in the intensive care unit.

关键词： sepsis     septic shock     hemodynamics     guidelines    

HTML PDF 收藏

The imperative need to develop guidelines to manage human versus machine intelligence

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 182-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018085

摘要： Machine intelligence is increasingly entering roles that were until recently dominated by human intelligence. As humans now depend upon machines to perform various tasks and operations, there appears to be a risk that humans are losing the necessary skills associated with producing competitively advantageous decisions. Therefore, this research explores the emerging area of human versus machine decision-making. An illustrative engineering case involving a joint machine and human decision-making system is presented to demonstrate how the outcome was not satisfactorily managed for all the parties involved. This is accompanied by a novel framework and research agenda to highlight areas of concern for engineering managers. We offer that the speed at which new human-machine interactions are being encountered by engineering managers suggests that an urgent need exists to develop a robust body of knowledge to provide sound guidance to situations where human and machine decisions conflict. Human-machine systems are becoming pervasive yet this research has revealed that current technological approaches are not adequate. The engineering insights and multi-criteria decision-making tool from this research significantly advance our understanding of this important area.

关键词： human intelligence & machine intelligence     HI-MI     decision-making     artificial intelligence    

HTML PDF 收藏

Emergent limited perioperative transesophageal echocardiography: should new guidelines exist for limited

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 332-337 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0212-8

摘要：

Bedside limited echocardiography, or focused cardiac ultrasound, continues to gain popularity in many emergency rooms, intensive care units, and operating rooms as a rapid method of assessing unstable patients. Effective monitoring of cardiovascular function in conditions like cardiac arrest or near-arrest is the crucial step to guide successful resuscitative efforts. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has emerged as one of the preferred cardiac diagnostic and monitoring modalities in the intraoperative setting due to the fact that it is less invasive than many other monitors, is immediately accessible, and allows for continuous real-time monitoring of cardiac function. However, the minimum training requirements needed for the anesthesia provider to obtain the competency, knowledge, and skills for basic certification in perioperative TEE far exceed those developed for other medical specialties. We believe there is an urgent need to develop (1) practical guidelines for emergent perioperative TEE use for anesthesiologists and (2) a requisite educational curriculum to teach the basic skills necessary to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrest or near-arrest scenarios. The measures elucidated in this report summarize the efforts of the Department of Anesthesiology at the University of Florida in establishing the necessary steps to make this process not only practical, but accessible to all trainees. We hope that these collective efforts will provide more trainees the confidence in utilizing TEE to aid in establishing a diagnosis in critical situations.

关键词： transesophageal echocardiography     curriculum     competency training     hemodynamic instability    

HTML PDF 收藏

Guidelines for navigation-assisted spine surgery

Wei Tian, Bo Liu, Da He, Yajun Liu, Xiaoguang Han, Jingwei Zhao, Mingxing International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 518-527 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0775-8

摘要： Spinal surgery is a technically demanding and challenging procedure because of the complicated anatomical structures of the spine and its proximity to several important tissues. Surgical landmarks and fluoroscopy have been used for pedicle screw insertion but are found to produce inaccuracies in placement. Improving the safety and accuracy of spinal surgery has increasingly become a clinical concern. Computer-assisted navigation is an extension and application of precision medicine in orthopaedic surgery and has significantly improved the accuracy of spinal surgery. However, no clinical guidelines have been published for this relatively new and fast-growing technique, thus potentially limiting its adoption. In accordance with the consensus of consultant specialists, literature reviews, and our local experience, these guidelines include the basic concepts of the navigation system, workflow of navigation-assisted spinal surgery, some common pitfalls, and recommended solutions. This work helps to standardize navigation-assisted spinal surgery, improve its clinical efficiency and precision, and shorten the clinical learning curve.

关键词： guidelines     spine surgery     computer-assisted navigation    

HTML PDF 收藏

Design guidelines for urea hydrolysers for ammonia demand of the SCR DENOX project in coal-fired power

Peng ZHENG, Xuan YAO, Wei ZHENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 127-132 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0225-7

摘要： Ammonia is highly volatile and will present substantial environmental and operation hazards when leaking into the air. However, ammonia is the most common reactant in the DENOX project to eliminate NO in the flue gas. The storage and transportation of liquid ammonia has always been a dilemma of the power plant. Urea is a perfect substitute source for ammonia in the plant. Urea hydrolysis technology can easily convert urea into ammonia with low expense. Presently, there is still no self-depended mature urea hydrolysis technology for the DENOX project in China; therefore, this paper proposes several guidelines to design the urea hydrolyser by theoretical analysis. Based on theoretical analysis, a simulation model is built to simulate the chemical reaction in the urea hydrolyser and is validated by the operational data of the commercial hydrolyser revealed in the literature. This paper endeavors to propose suggestions and guidelines to develop domestically urea hydrolysers in China.

关键词： urea     hydrolyser     ammonia     selective catalytic reduction (SCR)    

HTML PDF 收藏

dry-toilet collected matters from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using biosolids quality guidelines

Xuan LIU,Zifu LI,Eric BOSC,Heinz-Peter MANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第5期   页码 710-718 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0592-2

摘要： Dry-toilet collected matter (DCM) from traditional dry-toilet pits are a potential health and ecological risk in suburban areas. In this study, the characteristics of metals in DCMs from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar were surveyed. The results indicate that DCMs contain a high percentage of organic matter and nutrients, while heavy metals are at low levels, which shows good agricultural potential. The concentration ranges of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 11±5, 46±9, 0.08±0.05, 9±3, 17±9, and 338±86 mg·kg , respectively. The concentration of Cd was below 0.5 mg·kg , and a high positive relation was shown between chromium and nickel concentrations. The heavy metals in DCMs were safe for land application but Zn in DCMs was close to the effects range median (ERM), which is toxic in some cases, such as amphipod bioassays. Because it is mandatory to treat DCMs to reduce pathogens, in the case of heavy metal enrichment and agricultural reuse, composting or pyrolysis are better choices than incineration. Compared with global soil background values, the heavy metals in DCMs showed a low level of ecological risk, but a medium level when compared with Mongolian soil background values. The ecological risk of six heavy metals was in the descending order Hg>Cu>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cr and the contribution rate of Hg exceeded 60%.

关键词： heavy metals     suburban areas     dry-toilet     risk assessment    

HTML PDF 收藏

Essential training steps to achieving competency in the basic intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography examination for Chinese anesthesiologists

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 123-128 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0366-7

摘要：

Guidelines for the intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination have defined a detailed standard for medical professionals, particularly anesthesiologists, on how a TEE exam should proceed. Over the years, TEE has gained substantial popularity and emerged as a preferred monitoring modality to aid in perioperative management and decision making during hemodynamic instability situations or critical care settings. TEE training pathways and practice guidelines have been well established in western countries and many regions of the world. However, TEE training and practice information for anesthesiologists are lacking in China. As innovative technologies develop, other educational models have emerged to aid in obtaining competency in basic TEE exam. Hence, establishing a consensus on the ideal TEE training approach for anesthesiologists in China is urgently needed. Developing an effective curriculum that can be incorporated into an anesthesiology resident’s overall training is also necessary to provide knowledge and skills toward competency in basic TEE exam. With evolving medical system reforms and increasing demands for intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring to accommodate surgical innovations, anesthesiology professionals are increasingly obliged to perform intraoperative TEE exams in their current and future practices. To overcome obstacles and achieve significant progress in using the TEE modality to help in intraoperative management and surgical decision making, publishing basic TEE training guidelines for China’s anesthesiologists is an important endeavor.

关键词： transesophageal echocardiography     guidelines     training     competency    

HTML PDF 收藏

The regulatory sciences for stem cell-based medicinal products

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 190-200 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0323-5

摘要：

Over the past few years, several new achievements have been made from stem cell studies, many of which have moved up from preclinical stages to early, or from early to middle or late, stages thanks to relatively safe profile and preliminary evidence of effectiveness. Moreover, some stem cell-based products have been approved for marketing by different national regulatory authorities. However, many critical issues associated mainly with incomplete understanding of stem cell biology and the relevant risk factors, and lack of effective regulations still exist and need to be urgently addressed, especially in countries where establishment of appropriate regulatory system just commenced. More relevantly, the stem cell regulatory sciences need to be established or improved to more effectively evaluate quality, safety and efficacy of stem cell products, and for building up the appropriate regulatory framework. In this review, we summarize some new achievements in stem cell studies, especially the preclinical and clinical studies, the existing regulations, and the associated challenges, and we then propose some considerations for improving stem cell regulatory sciences with a goal of promoting the steadfast growth of the well-regulated stem cell therapies abreast of evolvement of stem cell sciences and technologies.

关键词： stem cell-based medicinal products (SCMPs)     stem cell therapy (SCT)     safety     effectiveness     standards     guidelines     regulatory science    

HTML PDF 收藏

面向中国实践的工程管理伦理研究

方东平 ,李文琪 ,张恒力 ,刘合

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第5期   页码 187-196 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.023

摘要：
新时期中国工程实践面临更加尖锐复杂的时代性伦理问题，而当前工程管理伦理水平滞后于工程建设的发展要求，成为阻碍伦理问题有效解决的重要因素，不利于我国工程向好、向善、高质量发展。为此，在理论分析、案例调研和专家研讨的基础上，本文结合工程管理者在我国工程实践中的重要地位，分析了围绕工程师展开的工程伦理在我国实践中的不完全适用性，阐述了转变核心伦理主体、开展工程管理伦理研究的必要趋向，凝练了工程管理伦理微观、中观、宏观3 个层次的内涵，探讨了工程对社会与环境的负面影响及相应伦理问题的成因，呈现了工程演化视角下工程管理伦理问题的动态性与发展性，提出了工程管理者在实践中应遵循的五项基本伦理原则。为推动我国工程管理伦理建设，研究建议，通过工程管理伦理教育培训，培育和激励工程管理者增强伦理意识，积极承担伦理责任，提升道德能力，涵育伦理领导力，发挥伦理智慧；推广与应用工程管理伦理指南，指导工程全生命周期中伦理问题的解决，从而推动社会整体伦理环境的改善。

关键词： 工程管理伦理；工程向善；管理伦理指南；伦理领导力；伦理智慧    

HTML PDF 收藏

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Current hepatitis B treatment guidelines and future research directions

null

期刊论文

Review of recent guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock

Jin-Nong ZHANG MD, Bo PENG BA, Jamile WOODS MD, Wei PENG MD, PhD,

期刊论文

The imperative need to develop guidelines to manage human versus machine intelligence

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

期刊论文

Emergent limited perioperative transesophageal echocardiography: should new guidelines exist for limited

null

期刊论文

Guidelines for navigation-assisted spine surgery

Wei Tian, Bo Liu, Da He, Yajun Liu, Xiaoguang Han, Jingwei Zhao, Mingxing International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery

期刊论文

Design guidelines for urea hydrolysers for ammonia demand of the SCR DENOX project in coal-fired power

Peng ZHENG, Xuan YAO, Wei ZHENG

期刊论文

dry-toilet collected matters from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using biosolids quality guidelines

Xuan LIU,Zifu LI,Eric BOSC,Heinz-Peter MANG

期刊论文

Essential training steps to achieving competency in the basic intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography examination for Chinese anesthesiologists

null

期刊论文

The regulatory sciences for stem cell-based medicinal products

null

期刊论文

面向中国实践的工程管理伦理研究

方东平 ,李文琪 ,张恒力 ,刘合

期刊论文