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High resolution satellite imaging sensors for precision agriculture

Chenghai YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第4期页码 393-405 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018226

摘要：

The central concept of precision agriculture is to manage within-field soil and crop growth variability for more efficient use of farming inputs. Remote sensing has been an integral part of precision agriculture since the farming technology started developing in the mid to late 1980s. Various types of remote sensors carried on ground-based platforms, manned aircraft, satellites, and more recently, unmanned aircraft have been used for precision agriculture applications. Original satellite sensors, such as Landsat and SPOT, have commonly been used for agricultural applications over large geographic areas since the 1970s, but they have limited use for precision agriculture because of their relatively coarse spatial resolution and long revisit time. Recent developments in high resolution satellite sensors have significantly narrowed the gap in spatial resolution between satellite imagery and airborne imagery. Since the first high resolution satellite sensor IKONOS was launched in 1999, numerous commercial high resolution satellite sensors have become available. These imaging sensors not only provide images with high spatial resolution, but can also repeatedly view the same target area. The high revisit frequency and fast data turnaround time, combined with their relatively large aerial coverage, make high resolution satellite sensors attractive for many applications, including precision agriculture. This article will provide an overview of commercially available high resolution satellite sensors that have been used or have potential for precision agriculture. The applications of these sensors for precision agriculture are reviewed and application examples based on the studies conducted by the author and his collaborators are provided to illustrate how high resolution satellite imagery has been used for crop identification, crop yield variability mapping and pest management. Some challenges and future directions on the use of high resolution satellite sensors and other types of remote sensors for precision agriculture are discussed.

关键词： high resolution satellite sensor multispectral imagery precision agriculture spatial resolution temporal resolution

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Impact of anthropogenic heat emissions on meteorological parameters and air quality in Beijing using a high-resolution

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1478-3

摘要：

The Large scale Urban Consumption of energ Y model was updated and coupled with WRF.

关键词： Anthropogenic heat emissions LUCY High-resolution Meteorological parameters Air quality

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Efficient, high-resolution topology optimization method based on convolutional neural networks

Liang XUE, Jie LIU, Guilin WEN, Hongxin WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第1期页码 80-96 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0614-2

摘要： Topology optimization is a pioneer design method that can provide various candidates with high mechanical properties. However, high resolution is desired for optimum structures, but it normally leads to a computationally intractable puzzle, especially for the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method. In this study, an efficient, high-resolution topology optimization method is developed based on the super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) technique in the framework of SIMP. SRCNN involves four processes, namely, refinement, path extraction and representation, nonlinear mapping, and image reconstruction. High computational efficiency is achieved with a pooling strategy that can balance the number of finite element analyses and the output mesh in the optimization process. A combined treatment method that uses 2D SRCNN is built as another speed-up strategy to reduce the high computational cost and memory requirements for 3D topology optimization problems. Typical examples show that the high-resolution topology optimization method using SRCNN demonstrates excellent applicability and high efficiency when used for 2D and 3D problems with arbitrary boundary conditions, any design domain shape, and varied load.

关键词： topology optimization convolutional neural network high resolution density-based

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Multiscale RBF-based central high resolution schemes for simulation of generalized thermoelasticity problems

Hassan YOUSEFI, Alireza TAGHAVI KANI, Iradj MAHMOUDZADEH KANI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 429-455 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0483-5

摘要： In this study, average-interpolating radial basis functions (RBFs) are successfully integrated with central high-resolution schemes to achieve a higher-order central method. This proposed method is used for simulation of generalized coupled thermoelasticity problems including shock (singular) waves in their solutions. The thermoelasticity problems include the LS (systems with one relaxation parameter) and GN (systems without energy dissipation) theories with constant and variable coefficients. In the central high resolution formulation, RBFs lead to a reconstruction with the optimum recovery with minimized roughness on each cell: this is essential for oscillation-free reconstructions. To guarantee monotonic reconstructions at cell-edges, the nonlinear scaling limiters are used. Such reconstructions, finally, lead to the total variation bounded (TVB) feature. As RBFs work satisfactory on non-uniform cells/grids, the proposed central scheme can handle adapted cells/grids. To have cost effective and accurate simulations, the multiresolution–based grid adaptation approach is then integrated with the RBF-based central scheme. Effects of condition numbers of RBFs, computational complexity and cost of the proposed scheme are studied. Finally, different 1-D coupled thermoelasticity benchmarks are presented. There, performance of the adaptive RBF-based formulation is compared with that of the adaptive Kurganov-Tadmor (KT) second-order central high-resolution scheme with the total variation diminishing (TVD) property.

关键词： central high resolution schemes RBFs higher order accuracy generalized thermoelasticity multiresolution-based adaptation

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Bridging finite element and deep learning: High-resolution stress distribution prediction in structural

Hamed BOLANDI; Xuyang LI; Talal SALEM; Vishnu Naresh BODDETI; Nizar LAJNEF

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第11期页码 1365-1377 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0882-5

摘要： Finite-element analysis (FEA) for structures has been broadly used to conduct stress analysis of various civil and mechanical engineering structures. Conventional methods, such as FEA, provide high fidelity results but require the solution of large linear systems that can be computationally intensive. Instead, Deep Learning (DL) techniques can generate results significantly faster than conventional run-time analysis. This can prove extremely valuable in real-time structural assessment applications. Our proposed method uses deep neural networks in the form of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to bypass the FEA and predict high-resolution stress distributions on loaded steel plates with variable loading and boundary conditions. The CNN was designed and trained to use the geometry, boundary conditions, and load as input to predict the stress contours. The proposed technique’s performance was compared to finite-element simulations using a partial differential equation (PDE) solver. The trained DL model can predict the stress distributions with a mean absolute error of 0.9% and an absolute peak error of 0.46% for the von Mises stress distribution. This study shows the feasibility and potential of using DL techniques to bypass FEA for stress analysis applications.

关键词： Deep Learning finite element analysis stress contours structural components

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广域电磁法和拟流场法精细探测技术——以井工一矿水害探测为例 Article

何继善

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第5期页码 667-675 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.09.006

摘要：

井工一矿存在严重的老空区和水害。以往的单一勘探方法，如地震法、直流电法、音频大地电磁法、可控源音频大地电磁法、瞬变电磁法等，均未能探明老采空区范围和水害赋存情况。为了解决这个难题，联合采用广域电磁法和井- 地拟流场法的三位一体立体式探测技术，并利用三维反演电阻率资料精准获取富水区域和采空区的位置，确定了不同层位水的连通性，为井工一矿的安全生产提供了可靠的技术保障。结果合理、成效显著，释放了近4 km² 的可采面积。

关键词：广域电磁法拟流场法采空区富水性精细探测

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Urban landscape classification using Chinese advanced high-resolution satellite imagery and an object-oriented

Li-gang MA,Jin-song DENG,Huai YANG,Yang HONG,Ke WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第3期页码 238-248 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400083

摘要： The Chinese ZY-1 02C satellite is one of the most advanced high-resolution earth observation systems designed for terrestrial resource monitoring. Its capability for comprehensive landscape classification, especially in urban areas, has been under constant study. In view of the limited spectral resolution of the ZY-1 02C satellite (three bands), and the complexity and heterogeneity across urban environments, we attempt to test its performance of urban landscape classification by combining a multivariable model with an object-oriented approach. The multiple variables including spectral reflection, texture, spatial autocorrelation, impervious surface fraction, vegetation, and geometry indexes were first calculated and selected using forward stepwise linear discriminant analysis and applied in the following object-oriented classification process. Comprehensive accuracy assessment which adopts traditional error matrices with stratified random samples and polygon area consistency (PAC) indexes was then conducted to examine the real area agreement between a classified polygon and its references. Results indicated an overall classification accuracy of 92.63% and a kappa statistic of 0.9124. Furthermore, the proposed PAC index showed that more than 82% of all polygons were correctly classified. Misclassification occurred mostly between residential area and barren/farmland. The presented method and the Chinese ZY-1 02C satellite imagery are robust and effective for urban landscape classification.

关键词： ZY-1 02C satellite Classification Urban Multi-variable model

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High Spatial Resolution Ozone Profiles Retrieved from the First Chinese Ultraviolet–Visible Hyperspectral

Fei Zhao,Cheng Liu,Qihou Hu,Congzi Xia,Chengxin Zhang,Wenjing Su,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.020

摘要： Understanding the vertical distribution of ozone is crucial when assessing both its horizontal and vertical transport, as well as when analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the atmosphere. One of the most effective ways to obtain high spatial resolution ozone profiles is through satellite observations. The Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument (EMI) deployed on the Gaofen-5 satellite is the first Chinese ultraviolet-visible hyperspectral spectrometer. However, retrieving ozone profiles using backscattered radiance values measured by the EMI is challenging due to unavailable measurement errors and a low signal-to-noise ratio. The algorithm developed for the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument did not allow us to retrieve 87% of the EMI pixels. Therefore, we developed an algorithm specific to the characteristics of the EMI. The fitting residuals are smaller than 0.3% in most regions. The retrieved ozone profiles were in good agreement with ozonesonde data, with maximum mean biases of 20% at five latitude bands. By applying EMI averaging kernels to the ozonesonde profiles, the integrated stratospheric column ozone and tropospheric column ozone also showed excellent agreement with ozonesonde data. The lower layers (0–7.5 km) of the EMI ozone profiles reflected the seasonal variation in surface ozone derived from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC). However, the upper layers (9.7–16.7 km) of the ozone profiles show different trends, with the ozone peak occurring at an altitude of 9.7–16.7 km in March. A stratospheric intrusion event in central China from August 11 to 15, 2019, is captured using the EMI ozone profiles, potential vorticity data, and relative humidity data. The increase in the CNEMC ozone concentration showed that downward transport enhanced surface ozone pollution.

关键词： Ozone profiles EMI Soft calibration Floor noise correction Stratospheric ozone intrusion

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基于HY-2高度计波形数据的高分辨率有效波高反演算法研究

王桂忠,张杰,苗洪利,李国强,王鑫

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第6期页码 60-64

摘要：

有效波高是描述海况的重要参量之一，利用高度计遥感获取有效波高已在海洋研究中获得广泛应用。本文基于海洋二号（HY-2）卫星高度计波形数据，发展了一种高分辨率有效波高反演算法，采用中误差对反演得到的20 Hz有效波高进行筛选，有效提高了测量精度。通过该方法对1 个轨的波形数据进行有效波高反演，统计结果表明：与针对1 s 回波反演的有效波高比较，利用该方法可将有效波高观测分辨率提高约15 倍，精度约为0.44 m；利用HY-2 高度计20 Hz 波形数据反演的有效波高精度可靠，可用其进行高分辨率的相关海洋研究。

关键词： HY-2 有效波高反演算法高分辨率

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Multi-resolution texture synthesis from turntable image sequences

Xuedong WANG, Xiaojun WU, Xiaorong ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第1期页码 72-80 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0305-8

摘要：

Texture synthesis and texture mapping are important technologies for rendering realistic three-dimensional scene. It has been widely used in virtual reality, urban modeling, 3D animation, gaming and other areas. In this paper, we propose a fast method to construct high quality texture map for multi-resolution texture synthesis from turntable image sequences. Given a 3D mesh model, we first get the projection relationship between 3D mesh and image sequences. We then use image sequences to construct a texture triangle for each 3D triangle mesh and get a global rectangular texture map for the whole mesh. Another approach to construct a texture map is using Stretch-minimizing mesh parameterization. Finally, we map the texture to mesh model to verify the quality of these two methods. The high performance of this method has been demonstrated in many real object models.

关键词： texture synthesis multi-resolution texture map texture mapping

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A building-based data capture and data mining technique for air quality assessment

Ni SHENG, U Wa TANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 543-551 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0369-4

摘要： Recently, a building-based air quality model system which can predict air quality in front of individual buildings along both sides of a road has been developed. Using the Macau Peninsula as a case study, this paper shows the advantages of building-based model system in data capture and data mining. Compared with the traditional grid-based model systems with input/output spatial resolutions of 1–2 km, the building-based approach can extract the street configuration and traffic data building by building and therefore, can capture the complex spatial variation of traffic emission, urban geometry, and air pollution. The non-homogeneous distribution of air pollution in the Macau Peninsula was modeled in a high-spatial resolution of 319 receptors·km . The spatial relationship among air quality, traffic flow, and urban geometry in the historic urban area is investigated. The study shows that the building-based approach may open an innovative methodology in data mining of urban spatial data for environmental assessment. The results are particularly useful to urban planners when they need to consider the influences of urban form on street environment.

关键词： traffic air pollution spatial distribution high resolution geographic information system

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局部高空间分辨率的应用适应性PET系统设计初探

刘晶晶,谢庆国

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第10期页码 105-112

摘要：

研制成本可负担的高空间分辨率正电子发射断层成像（positron emission tomography，PET）系统在PET成像应用中具有决定性的意义，也是PET成像面临的关键性挑战之一。设想一种PET系统，能够根据应用的需求对不同性能的探测器进行布局，在一个具体时刻，对部分成像区域获得很高的性能，而在其他的区域获得普通性能。提出了一种应用适应性PET系统原型，由大部分普通固有空间分辨率的探测模块和少量更高甚至极端高固有空间分辨率的探测模块组成。研究了在含有连续放置的一段高固有空间分辨率探测模块的PET系统中，高性能模块的布局位置和数量对视场内不同位置点的空间分辨率的影响。初步研究结果表明，所提出的系统能够为局部区域带来高空间分辨率，其空间分辨率提升程度与高性能模块布局位置有关，在同一高性能模块布局位置下，视场中不同位置点的提升程度不同。该研究结果也显示，根据应用需求规划探测模块的构成和布局以在感兴趣区域获得局部高空间分辨率是可能的。

关键词：正电子发射断层成像应用适应性PET系统感兴趣区域局部空间分辨率不同性能探测模块

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匿名地址解析模型 Article

Guang-jia SONG,Zhen-zhou JI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第10期页码 1044-1055 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500382

摘要：目的：针对地址解析过程中由信息泄露导致的攻击问题，就如何实现解析过程中地址信息隐藏进行了研究。创新点：本文提出了一种新的解析模型，新模型不公开地址解析的目的地址，而且对节点自身的IP地址与MAC地址都进行隐藏，实现了匿名地址解析。方法：首先，根据匿名地址解析过程，源节点将地址解析的目的地址（IPX）视为自身与目标节点之间共同秘密，可利用IPX作为公钥对解析目的地址以及自身的地址信息进行加密，然后发送解析请求；其次，只有特定的节点才可以还原出解析请求并发送应答；再次，源节点收到解析应答并进行验证，验证通过后即完成地址解析过程；最后，将匿名地址解析与安全邻居发现及其他几种典型方案进行了对比。结论：针对地址解析协议的面临的安全威胁，提出了匿名地址解析过程，实现了不公开解析目的地址、隐藏节点自身地址信息的目的。

关键词：网络安全；地址解析；邻居发现；匿名

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Hydrothermal synthesis of crystalline α-/β-MnO2 nanorods via γ-MnOOH nanorod precursors

ZHANG Weixin, REN Xiangbin, YANG Zeheng, WANG Hua, WANG Qiang, HUANG Fei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 365-371 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0066-9

摘要： The crystalline -MnO and -MnO nanorods have been successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal method from -MnOOH nanorods precursor, respectively. The samples were characterized by means of X-ray diff raction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Fourier transformed infrared spectra (FTIR). The morphology and structure of -MnOOH nanorods precursors have a great influence on the crystal structure of the obtained products. The -MnO nanorods are prepared from the 100°C -MnOOH precursor, while the -MnO nanorods are obtained from the 150°C -MnOOH precursor, respectively. Besides, the catalytic activity of the prepared -MnO and -MnO nanorods for the HO decomposition has been investigated comparatively, and the latter shows better catalytic activity.

关键词： obtained -MnOOH precursor Besides high-resolution transmission precursor

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超分辨近场光学成像技术及其产业开发

吴世法

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第2期页码 10-14

摘要：

超分辨近场光学成像技术是当前国内外一个重要的高新技术前沿课题，也将是我国21世纪初应该发展的一项高新技术产业。文中介绍了我国自1991年以来开拓研究的进展，探讨了国际学术界及产业开发中当前存在的主要问题，提出了各类超分辨扫描模式成像公式的乘法表达式，并作了分析比较。为解决消除假像和从有形貌等混合图像中分离纯光学图像两大难题，作者曾于1993年和1996年提出两项发明专利，为发展我国的该产业解决了两大技术关键。

关键词：超衍射权限分辨近场光学成像技术超分辨光学显微镜