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Advanced finite element analysis of a complex deep excavation case history in Shanghai

Yuepeng DONG, Harvey BURD, Guy HOULSBY, Yongmao HOU

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 93-100 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0232-3

摘要: The construction of the North Square Shopping Center of the Shanghai South Railway Station is a large scale complex top-down deep excavation project. The excavation is adjacent to several current and newly planned Metro lines, and influenced by a neighboring Exchange Station excavation. The highly irregular geometry of this excavation greatly increases the complexity in 3D Finite Element modeling. The advanced numerical modeling described in this paper includes detailed structural and geotechnical behavior. Important features are considered in the analysis, e.g., 1) the small-strain stiffness of the soil, 2) the construction joints in the diaphragm wall, 3) the shrinkage in the concrete floor slabs and beams, 4) the complex construction sequences, and 5) the shape effect of the deep excavation. The numerical results agree well with the field data, and some valuable conclusions are generated.

关键词: advanced finite element analysis     deep excavations     case history     small-strain stiffness    

Introduction to the special issue on the 2015 Workshop on History of Mechanism and Machine Science

Marco CECCARELLI

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第11卷 第1期   页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0379-9

Natural history of HIV infection in former plasma donors in rural China

Min ZHANG, Hong SHANG, Zhe WANG, Wei-Guo CUI, Qing-Hai HU

《医学前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 346-350 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0102-x

摘要: Patients infected through commercial blood-selling practices (former plasma donors, FPDs) in China represent a unique patient population compared to individuals infected through sexual contact or intravenous drug use. FPDs all have an approximate time of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during the mid-1990s. Few studies about the natural history of HIV infection in these patients were performed. The current study focuses on characterizing the duration of asymptomatic infection as well as the time to disease and mortality of infected FPDs in China. A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on data collected from 5484 HIV-1 infected FPDs in Shangcai county, Henan province. Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to estimate the asymptomatic duration from the time of infection to the onset of AIDS as well as the survival period from the onset of AIDS to the time of death. The estimated median asymptomatic phase was about 9.21 years, which is similar to that reported in other developing countries in Africa. The estimated median life span after the onset of symptoms was about 9.91 months, which is notably shorter than life spans reported elsewhere. This is the first large-scale retrospective study on the natural history of HIV infection in FPDs in rural China. The findings not only provide valuable insight into an understudied population, but should also serve as an important reference for patient management and care.

关键词: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)     former plasma donor     natural history     China    

The biopharmaceutical industry in China: history and future perspectives

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 101-111 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0191-9

摘要:

Biopharmaceuticals reflect the rapid progress achieved in modern biomedical research. This area has also become one of the main criteria for assessing the development level of biotechnology for a particular country. Although it has been only three decades since the first biopharmaceutical, recombinant human insulin, was licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration, the biopharmaceutical industry has become the fastest growing, most dynamic and technology-intensive sector in the biomedical field. Since the licensing of recombinant human interferon α1b in 1989, the biopharmaceutical industry in China has gone through initial developments and gradually entered a period of rapid growth. This paper provides an overview of the status and development trends of biopharmaceuticals in China, and compares them with those observed in developed countries.

关键词: biopharmaceuticals     antibodies     market trends     diseases     China     national regulatory agency    

Fuzzy cascade control based on control’s history for superheated temperature

WANG Guangjun, LI Gang, SHEN Shuguang

《能源前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 285-289 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0040-8

摘要: To address the characteristics of the large delay and uncertainty of superheated temperature, a new cascade control system is presented based on control’s history. Based on the analysis of the control objects’ dynamic characteristics, historical control information (substituting for the deviation change rate) is used as the basis for decision-making of the fuzzy control. Therefore, the changing trend of the controlled variable can be accurately reflected. Furthermore, a proportional component is introduced, the advantages of PID and fuzzy controllers are integrated, and the structure weaknesses of conventional fuzzy controllers are overcome. Simulation shows that this control method can effectively reduce the adverse impact of the delay on control effects and, therefore, exhibit strong adaptability by comparing the superheated temperature control system by this controller with PID and conventional fuzzy controllers.

A brief history of wheat utilization in China

Minxia LU, Liang CHEN, Jinxiu WANG, Ruiliang LIU, Yang YANG, Meng WEI, Guanghui DONG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 288-295 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019266

摘要:

Wheat is one of the most important crops in both China and the world, and its domestication can be traced back to ~10000 years ago. However, the history of its origin and utilization in China remains highly ambiguous. Drawing upon the most recent results of taxonomic, genetic, archeological and textual studies focused on the wheat in prehistory, this paper argues that wheat was not domesticated but introduced into China in the late fifth millennium BP. In the subsequent centuries, this exotic crop was quickly utilized as a staple food in northwest China. In contrast, it was not adopted as a staple in Central Plains until the Han Dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE), which was mainly as a consequence of the living environment, population and innovations in food processing technology.

关键词: multidisciplinary evidence     prehistoric food globalization     wheat consumption     wheat domestication    

An overview of the development history and technical progress of China’s coal-fired power industry

Weiliang WANG, Zheng LI, Junfu LYU, Hai ZHANG, Guangxi YUE, Weidou NI

《能源前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 417-426 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0614-2

摘要: As the main power source of China, coal-fired power industry has achieved a great progress in installed capacity, manufacturing technologies, thermal efficiency, as well as pollutant control during the past century. With the fast development of renewable energies, coal-fired power industry is experiencing a strategic transformation. To specify the development of coal-fired power industry, its development history is reviewed and the technical progresses on aspects of thermal efficiency, pollutants control and peaking shaving capacity are discussed. It is concluded that the role of China’s coal-fired power source would be transformed from the dominant position to a base position in power source structure. Considering the sustainable development of coal-fired power industry in energy conservation, emission control, and utilization of renewable energies, it is suggested that the national average thermal efficiency should be improved by continual up-gradation of units by using advanced technologies and eliminating outdated capacity. Moreover, the emission standard of air pollutants should not be stricter any more in coal-fired power industry. Furthermore, the huge amount of combined heat and power (CHP) coal-fired units should be operated in a decoupled way, so as to release more than 350 GW regulation capacity for the grid to accept more renewable energy power.

关键词: coal-fired power     development strategy     eliminating outdated capacity     peak shaving     emission reduction     renewable energy    

Association between history of abortion and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 132-137 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0250-x

摘要:

Epidemiologic studies have suggested that abortion may cause long term health consequences such as cardiovascular disease. Until recently, studies focusing on the association between history of abortion and metabolic diseases were limited. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between history of abortion and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women. A cross-sectional survey was performed in 6302 women (age≥40 years) in Shanghai. Standardized questionnaire was used to obtain the information about reproductive histories. Overall, we observed a positive association between history of induced abortion and the prevalence of MetS, independent of potential confounding factors. A multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to those without a history of induced abortion, women with a history of induced abortion remained at 1.25 times more likely to have MetS (OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.06–1.47, P<0.05), and the association was number-dependent. However, no significant association between history of spontaneous abortion and the prevalence of MetS was observed. Compared to those without a history of spontaneous abortion, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio associated with a history of spontaneous abortion for MetS was 0.88 (95% CI=0.65–1.19, P >0.05).

关键词: induced abortion     spontaneous abortion     metabolic syndrome    

CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN CHINA: THE HISTORY OF STATE POLICY GOALS, REFORM

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 518-529 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023525

摘要:

This paper examines the historical evolution of crop-livestock integration in China with a specific focus on its role in mitigating non-point source pollution. Extensive examination of existing literature has unearthed the roots of crop-livestock integration dating back to the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 to 771 BCE), ultimately culminating in a multifaceted and intricately interwoven system of rural development policies seen in contemporary China. This paper identifies and characterizes four distinct stages in the historical trajectory of crop-livestock integration: the era of self-sufficient subsistence production in traditional times (1046 BCE to 1948); the period where crop-livestock integration emerged as a pivotal strategy for augmenting grain and meat production under collectivist policies (1949‒1977); the phase marked by the industrialization and expansion of the livestock sector during the early years of economic reforms (1978‒2011); and the present era in which crop-livestock integration is harnessed as a mechanism for pollution control and ecological preservation in contemporary China (2012 to present). This paper illuminates the diverse contributions of crop-livestock integration in different epochs of rural development within China, which contributes to a nuanced and more theoretically grounded comprehension of circular agriculture. This understanding has the potential to be leveraged to promote sustainable rural development in broader contexts.

关键词: crop-livestock integration     non-point source pollution control     nutrient cycling     policy intervention     sustainable development    

Self-propelled automatic chassis of Lunokhod-1: History of creation in episodes

Mikhail MALENKOV

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第11卷 第1期   页码 60-86 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0370-5

摘要:

This report reviews the most important episodes in the history of designing the self-propelled automatic chassis of the first mobile extraterrestrial vehicle in the world, Lunokhod-1. The review considers the issues in designing moon rovers, their essential features, and the particular construction properties of their systems, mechanisms, units, and assemblies. It presents the results of exploiting the chassis of Lunokhod-1 and Lunokhod-2. Analysis of the approaches utilized and engineering solutions reveals their value as well as the consequences of certain defects.

关键词: moon rover     self-propelled chassis     propulsion     wheel     suspension     soil properties     cross-country ability    

International Winter Wheat Improvement Program: history, activities, impact and future

Alexey MORGOUNOV, Fatih OZDEMIR, Mesut KESER, Beyhan AKIN, Thomas PAYNE, Hans-Joachim BRAUN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 240-250 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019261

摘要:

International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) was established in 1986 between the Government of Turkey and CIMMYT with three main objectives: (1) develop winter/facultative germplasm for Central and West Asia, (2) facilitate global winter wheat germplasm exchange, and (3) training wheat scientists. ICARDA joined the program in 1991 making it a three-way partnership that continues to work effectively. The germplasm developed by IWWIP as well as the winter wheat cultivars and lines received from global cooperators are assembled into international nurseries. These nurseries are offered annually to public and private entities (IWWIP website) and distributed to more than 100 cooperators in all continents. IWWIP impact has primarily been in new winter wheat cultivars combining broad adaptation, high yield potential, drought tolerance and disease resistance. A total of 93 IWWIP cultivars have been released in 11 countries occupying annually an estimated 2.5–3.0 Mha. IWWIP cooperation with researchers in Turkey, Central and West Asia and several US universities has resulted in a number of publications reviewed in this paper. Important IWWIP impacts include national inventories of wheat landraces in Turkey, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, their collection, characterization, evaluation and utilization.

关键词: biotic and abiotic stresses     breeding     methodology     winter wheat    

光照世界史坛的中医起源之谜

符友丰

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第9期   页码 1-12

摘要:

以疫病流行及其原型分析为线索,联系早期治法(如热熨、火灸、砭刺等)探讨了古代以腺鼠疫为代表的疫病流行与医学起源间的内在联系;以医源于疫的视野分析我国医史病史研究在出土文物、古文字和医学文献等方面丰富的信息资源与优势;分析解读疾病名实的古今变迁、比较中西医学及其在认识论与方法论上的差异,为审视我国传统医学在疫病防治方面的丰富经验与延至今日的独到成就与意义,疾病史研究成果与推广,实现古为今用,将为当今疫病防治的中西互补、中西医结合与比较提供宝贵的历史经验与借鉴。

关键词: 世界医学史     中医史     医学起源     鼠疫     霍乱     天花     比较医学    

鼠疫病史研究的方法论省思

符友丰

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第9期   页码 19-29

摘要:

通过19世纪最后20余年间中国、 日本、荷兰,包括1929年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖得主爱克曼发现beriberi,中国专家吴存甫、罗汝兰出版《鼠疫汇编》,著名学者耶尔森发现鼠疫杆菌等历史过程的回顾,探讨了对当代学术思想的影响;在进一步论证古典脚气与鼠疫流行同一性的基础上,阐述了鼠疫流行对中国明清温疫与日本江户–明治脚气盛行的内在联系;分析了中西医家在宏观整体论与微观还原论等不同方法论指导下取得的历史成就与经验教训;结合百余年来有关病史悬案在中、英两种大百科全书注释中留下的疑云,剖析了近代医学发展史上涉及的科学研究 方法论与医学发展复杂性话题。

关键词: 比较医学史     日本鼠疫史     脚气     医学方法论     复杂性探索     爱克曼     廖育群    

中国动物营养和饲料科学的发展史

李德发

《工程(英文)》 2017年 第3卷 第5期 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.05.026

Plant genetic engineering and genetically modified crop breeding: history and current status

Xingchun WANG,Shujun CHANG,Jie LU,Rupert FRAY,Don GRIERSON,Yuanhuai HAN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第1期   页码 5-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017131

摘要: This review charts the major developments in the genetic manipulation of plant cells that have taken place since the first gene transfer experiments using Ti plasmids in 1983. Tremendous progress has been made in both our scientific understanding and technological capabilities since the first genetically modified (GM) crops were developed with single gene resistances to herbicides, insects, viruses, and the silencing of unde-sirable genes. Despite opposition in some parts of the world, the area planted with first generation GM crops has grown from 1.7 Mhm in 1996 to 179.7 Mhm hectares in 2015. The toolkit available for genetic modification has expanded greatly since 1996 and recently Nobel Laureates have called on Greenpeace to end their blanket opposition, and plant scientists have urged that consideration be given to the benefits of GM crops based on actual evidence. It is now possible to use GM to breed new crop cultivars resistant to a much wider range of pests and diseases, and to produce crops better able to adapt to climate change. The advent of new CRISPR-based technologies makes it possible to contemplate a much wider range of improvements based on transfer of new metabolic pathways and traits to improve nutritional quality, with a much greater degree of precision. Use of GM, sometimes in conjunction with other approaches, offers great opportunities for improving food quality, safety, and security in a changing world.

关键词: plant transformation     transgene     genetic modification    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Advanced finite element analysis of a complex deep excavation case history in Shanghai

Yuepeng DONG, Harvey BURD, Guy HOULSBY, Yongmao HOU

期刊论文

Introduction to the special issue on the 2015 Workshop on History of Mechanism and Machine Science

Marco CECCARELLI

期刊论文

Natural history of HIV infection in former plasma donors in rural China

Min ZHANG, Hong SHANG, Zhe WANG, Wei-Guo CUI, Qing-Hai HU

期刊论文

The biopharmaceutical industry in China: history and future perspectives

null

期刊论文

Fuzzy cascade control based on control’s history for superheated temperature

WANG Guangjun, LI Gang, SHEN Shuguang

期刊论文

A brief history of wheat utilization in China

Minxia LU, Liang CHEN, Jinxiu WANG, Ruiliang LIU, Yang YANG, Meng WEI, Guanghui DONG

期刊论文

An overview of the development history and technical progress of China’s coal-fired power industry

Weiliang WANG, Zheng LI, Junfu LYU, Hai ZHANG, Guangxi YUE, Weidou NI

期刊论文

Association between history of abortion and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women

null

期刊论文

CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN CHINA: THE HISTORY OF STATE POLICY GOALS, REFORM

期刊论文

Self-propelled automatic chassis of Lunokhod-1: History of creation in episodes

Mikhail MALENKOV

期刊论文

International Winter Wheat Improvement Program: history, activities, impact and future

Alexey MORGOUNOV, Fatih OZDEMIR, Mesut KESER, Beyhan AKIN, Thomas PAYNE, Hans-Joachim BRAUN

期刊论文

光照世界史坛的中医起源之谜

符友丰

期刊论文

鼠疫病史研究的方法论省思

符友丰

期刊论文

中国动物营养和饲料科学的发展史

李德发

期刊论文

Plant genetic engineering and genetically modified crop breeding: history and current status

Xingchun WANG,Shujun CHANG,Jie LU,Rupert FRAY,Don GRIERSON,Yuanhuai HAN

期刊论文