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New insights in the battle between wheat and

Chunlei TANG,Xiaojie WANG,Yulin CHENG,Minjie LIU,Mengxin ZHAO,Jinping WEI,Zhensheng KANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 101-114 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015068

摘要： Wheat stripe rust caused by f. sp. ( ) poses a great threat to wheat production worldwide. The rapid change in virulence of leads to a loss of resistance in currently resistant wheat cultivars, which results in frequent disease epidemics. Therefore, a major focus is currently placed on investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying this rapid variation of pathogenicity and coevolving wheat resistance. Limited by the lack of a system for stable transformation of and the difficulties in wheat transformation, it is not easy to generate deeper insights into the wheat- interaction using established genetic methods. Nevertheless, considerable effort has been made to unravel the wheat- interaction and significant progress is being made. Histology and cytology have revealed basic details of infection strategies and defense responses during wheat- interactions, identified cellular components involved in wheat- interactions, and have helped to elucidate their role in the infection process or in plant defense responses. Transcriptome and genome sequencing has revealed the molecular features and dynamics of the wheat- pathosystem. Extensive molecular analyses have led to the identification of major components in the wheat resistance response and in virulence. Studies of wheat- interactions have now entered a new phase in which cellular and molecular approaches are being used. This review focuses on the cellular biology of wheat- interactions and integrates the emerging data from molecular analyses with the histocytological observations.

关键词： wheat strip rust Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici host defense pathogen virulence biotrophic fungus

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Gene and protein expression of proteinase-activated receptor-1, 2 in a murine model of acute graft host

Quan LI MD , Weiming LI MD , Ping ZOU MD , Jian ZHANG BM ,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 309-315 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0043-4

摘要： Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are a novel subclass of seven transmembrane-spanning, G protein-coupled receptors. PAR-1 and PAR-2 are widely expressed in a variety of cells and are found to be involved in many physiological and pathological processes including inflammation and immune response. However, little is known about the function of PAR-1, 2 in acute graft host disease (GVHD). In the present study, we first detected the expression of PAR-1, 2 protein and mRNA in a murine model of acute GVHD using the methods of immunohistochemistry, Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) mice served as controls. The relative gene expression level of PAR-1 was significantly increased in the skin, liver, small intestine of allogeneic HSCT mice (in skin: 0.039±0.013 0.008±0.002 of controls, =0.009; in liver: 0.165±0.006 0.017±0.006 of controls, =0.004; in small intestine: 0.215±0.009 0.016±0.002 of controls, =0.003), but not in the stomach, lung and kidney of allogeneic HSCT mice (>0.05). PAR-2 mRNA expression in the liver and small intestine of allogeneic HSCT mice (in liver: 0.010±0.002 0.003±0.001 of controls, =0.008; in small intestine: 0.006±0.001 0.003±0.001 of controls, =0.024) was increased significantly, but PAR-2 mRNA expression in the other organs (>0.05) was not found to be significantly elevated. PAR-1, 2 protein expression was in accordance with the mRNA expression, as shown by Western blot. Using immunohistochemistry the present study demonstrated that there was strong PAR-1, 2 immunoreactivity in the epithelial cell and vascular endothelial cell of target organs of acute GVHD. Our findings of markedly increased expression of PAR-1, 2 in target organs of acute GVHD suggest that PAR-1 and PAR-2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD.

关键词： graft vs host disease proteinase-activated receptor murine model hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

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拟态防御基础理论研究综述

斯雪明,王伟,曾俊杰、杨本朝、李光松、苑超、张帆

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 62-68 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.013

摘要：

随着互联网的发展，网络空间安全问题已成为关系到国家安全的大问题。本文首先介绍了一些经典的网络安全防御技术；其次介绍了拟态防御技术，包括拟态防御系统的构成、拟态防御的科学问题及其理论框架，对比传统网络防御技术，分析了拟态防御系统的有效性；最后对拟态防御基础理论还需要解决的问题做了阐述。

关键词：拟态防御网络空间移动目标防御拟态变换

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拟态防御技术

罗兴国, 仝青, 张铮, 邬江兴

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 69-73 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.014

摘要：

网络空间安全处于易攻难守的非平衡态势，主动防御技术作为网络空间防御技术的新星，其研究热度不断提高。本文以入侵容忍技术和移动目标防御技术为主线概括了主动防御技术的发展，并介绍了拟态防御技术理论、工程实践以及测试情况。通过分析对比拟态防御和入侵容忍、移动目标的异同，提出网络安全再平衡战略的研究重点和方向，为国家网络空间安全发展提供借鉴和参考。

关键词：拟态防御主动防御技术网络安全再平衡

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Integrated analysis of gut microbiome and host immune responses in COVID-19

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 263-275 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0921-6

摘要： Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiome contributes to the host immune response to infectious diseases. Here, to explore the role of the gut microbiome in the host immune responses in COVID-19, we conducted shotgun metagenomic sequencing and immune profiling of 14 severe/critical and 24 mild/moderate COVID-19 cases as well as 31 healthy control samples. We found that the diversity of the gut microbiome was reduced in severe/critical COVID-19 cases compared to mild/moderate ones. We identified the abundance of some gut microbes altered post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and related to disease severity, such as Enterococcus faecium, Coprococcus comes, Roseburia intestinalis, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus and Blautia obeum. We further analyzed the correlation between the abundance of gut microbes and host responses, and obtained a correlation map between clinical features of COVID-19 and 16 severity-related gut microbe, including Coprococcus comes that was positively correlated with CD3⁺/CD4⁺/CD8⁺ lymphocyte counts. In addition, an integrative analysis of gut microbiome and the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed that genes related to viral transcription and apoptosis were up-regulated in Coprococcus comes low samples. Moreover, a number of metabolic pathways in gut microbes were also found to be differentially enriched in severe/critical or mild/moderate COVID-19 cases, including the superpathways of polyamine biosynthesis II and sulfur oxidation that were suppressed in severe/critical COVID-19. Together, our study highlighted a potential regulatory role of severity related gut microbes in the immune response of host.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-COV-2 gut microbiome immune response

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基于博弈论方法的移动目标防御机理研究 Article

Gui-lin CAI, Bao-sheng WANG, Qian-qian XING

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第12期页码 2017-2034 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601797

摘要：移动目标防御（moving target defense, MTD）为改变当前网络易攻难守的局面提供了一种新的思路。目前已有大量的MTD技术，但对其防御机理的研究仍然缺乏。

关键词：网络安全；移动目标防御；防御机理；防御模型；博弈论

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Polyamines and antioxidant defense system are associated with cold tolerance in centipedegrass

Jingjing CHEN, Junyang FANG, Zhenfei GUO, Shaoyun LU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 129-138 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017197

摘要： Physiological responses to low temperature were analyzed in a chilling-tolerant centipedegrass ( ) accession, Shao Guan (SG), in comparison to the commercial cultivar, Common. Lower levels of ion leakage and higher chlorophyll (Chl) concentration were observed in SG than in Common during chilling stress. The maximum photochemical efficiency, the actual photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, photochemical quenching efficiency, and net photosynthetic rate were decreased during chilling stress in both genotypes, with higher levels of these parameters shown by SG than Common. In addition, higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate-peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), and higher concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) were observed in SG than in Common. Moreover, higher concentrations of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) were observed in SG than in Common. Correlation analysis indicated that SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, and AsA and GSH concentrations showed high correlation to Put, while APX, GR, and AsA concentrations were correlated to Spd. Exogenous Put or Spd increased antioxidant enzyme activities and chilling tolerance. The results suggested that polyamine-regulated antioxidants are important for chilling tolerance in centipedegrass and protect plants against chilling induced oxidative damage.

关键词： antioxidants centipedegrass chilling photosynthesis polyamines

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Graft versus host disease after liver transplantation: A case report

Peng-Ji GAO, Xi-Sheng LENG, Dong WANG, Guang-Ming LI, Lei HUANG, Jie GAO, JI-Ye ZHU,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 469-472 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0120-8

摘要： In documenting clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of graft host disease (GVHD), we retrospectively analyzed data of one case that has developed GVHD after liver transplantation. This patient exhibited fever, skin rash, and diarrhea on day 9 after liver transplantation. His liver function was normal. Skin biopsy showed scattered keratinocytes accompanied by satellite-like lymphocyte infiltration and basal cell liquefaction degeneration. After carefully analyzing the complications, we took the strategy of decreasing the dose of tacrolimus. Thereafter, the patient’s temperature decreased to normal, his skin rashes subsided, and his diarrhea was relieved. This case suggests that reducing the dosage of immunosuppressive agents can be an effective strategy for GVHD after liver transplantation.

关键词： liver transplantation graft versus host disease

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INTERFERENCE BY NON-HOST PLANT ROOTS AND ROOT EXUDATES IN THE INFECTION PROCESSES OF PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 447-459 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021399

摘要：

Crop rotations are widely used because they can significantly reduce the incidence of pests and diseases. The interactions between non-host roots and pathogens may be key in the inhibition of soilborne pathogens in crop rotations. Interactions between fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) roots/root exudates and Phytophthora nicotianae were investigated because of the known allelopathy between fennel and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The effects of the key compounds in the fennel rhizosphere on the mycelial growth and zoospore behavior of P. nicotianae were assessed. The roots of fennel attracted P. nicotianae zoospores and inhibited their motility and the germination of cystospores, with some cystospores rupturing. 4-ethylacetophenone, vanillin and N-formylpiperidine were consistently identified in the fennel rhizosphere and were found to interfere with the infection of P. nicotianae, especially vanillin. Hyphae treated with these compounds produced more abnormal branches and accumulated reactive oxygen species. These interspecific interactions between non-host roots and pathogens were found to be an important factor in the inhibition by fennel of infection by P. nicotianae.

关键词： fennel and tobacco rotation infection behavior Phytophthora nicotianae reactive oxygen species vanillin

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Permeability and thermal conductivity of host compressed natural graphite for consolidated activated

Bo TIAN, Liwei WANG, Zhequan JIN, Ruzhu WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 159-165 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0145-y

摘要： Permeability and thermal conductivity test units were set up to study the heat and mass transfer performance of the host material, i.e. expanded natural graphite (ENG), for consolidated activated carbon (AC) adsorbent. The permeability was tested with nitrogen as the gas source, and the thermal conductivity was studied using steady-state heat source method. The results showed that the values of permeability and thermal conductivity were 10 to 10 m and 1.7 to 3.2 W/(m·K), respectively, while the density compressed expanded natural graphite (CENG) varied from 100 to 500 kg/m . The permeability decreased with the increasing density of CENG, whereas the thermal conductivity increased with the increasing density of CENG. Then the thermal conductivity and permeability of granular AC were researched. It was discovered that the thermal conductivity of samples with different grain size almost kept constant at 0.36 W/(m·K) while the density was approximately 600 kg/m . This means that the thermal conductivity was not related to the grain size of AC. The thermal conductivity of CENG was improved by 5 to 10 times compared with that of granular AC. Such a result showed that CENG was a promising host material for AC to improve the heat transfer performance, while the mass transfer performance should be considered in different conditions for utilization of adsorbent.

关键词： permeability thermal conductivity expanded nature graphite activated carbon

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Host protection against Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages by prior vaccination in spring 2022 COVID-19 outbreak

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 562-575 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0977-3

摘要： The Omicron family of SARS-CoV-2 variants are currently driving the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we analyzed the clinical laboratory test results of 9911 Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages-infected symptomatic patients without earlier infection histories during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Shanghai in spring 2022. Compared to an earlier patient cohort infected by SARS-CoV-2 prototype strains in 2020, BA.2.2 infection led to distinct fluctuations of pathophysiological markers in the peripheral blood. In particular, severe/critical cases of COVID-19 post BA.2.2 infection were associated with less pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and stronger interferon alpha response in the bronchoalveolar microenvironment. Importantly, the abnormal biomarkers were significantly subdued in individuals who had been immunized by 2 or 3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 prototype-inactivated vaccines, supporting the estimation of an overall 96.02% of protection rate against severe/critical disease in the 4854 cases in our BA.2.2 patient cohort with traceable vaccination records. Furthermore, even though age was a critical risk factor of the severity of COVID-19 post BA.2.2 infection, vaccination-elicited protection against severe/critical COVID-19 reached 90.15% in patients aged ≥ 60 years old. Together, our study delineates the pathophysiological features of Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages and demonstrates significant protection conferred by prior prototype-based inactivated vaccines.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 host response bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)

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水下攻防对抗体系及其未来发展

谢伟,杨萌,龚俊斌

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第6期页码 71-79 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.06.014

摘要：

为顺应现代海战的演进趋势，水下攻防对抗正朝着体系化方向发展，综合了水下预警、侦察、探测、攻防等一系列行动。虽然单一领域的武器装备发展迅速，但水下攻防仍存在对抗体系的能力建设、作战样式、未来发展重点不甚清晰等问题。本文梳理了军事强国水下对抗体系建设的现状与基础，分析研判了未来水下攻防对抗体系的功能组成和典型作战样式，重点阐述了水下攻防对抗体系装备发展的主要方向，同时提出了加强综合感知和导航、发展联合指挥控制、注重军民融合式发展等水下攻防体系与装备的建设举措。相关研究可为我国未来水下攻防对抗的顶层设计和装备论证提供理论参考。

关键词：水下攻防对抗体系协同作战无人系统

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移动目标防御：现状及特征 Review

Gui-lin CAI,Bao-sheng WANG,Wei HU,Tian-zuo WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第11期页码 1122-1153 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601321

摘要：易攻难守是当前网络安全研究面临的核心问题，而移动目标防御（Moving target defense, MTD）为解决这一问题提供了一种全新思路。当前已有涉及MTD多个方面的大量研究被提出。

关键词：移动目标防御；安全模型；功能和移动模型；特征

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拟态防御技术结合软件多样化在软件安全产业中的应用

庞建民,张宇嘉,张铮、邬江兴

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 74-78 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.015

摘要：

随着互联网的飞速发展，计算机软件全球化的进程不断推进。大量相同软件安装在数以万计的计算机中，容易导致黑客利用软件的漏洞，攻击安装了该软件的所有计算机。传统的软件安全措施是依靠对漏洞进行修补，其只能起到亡羊补牢的作用。软件多样化技术可以使这种情况得到缓解，但其并没有从根本上消除漏洞带来的威胁。本文提出将拟态防御技术与软件多样化技术相结合应用于软件安全产业，可以消除漏洞带来的威胁。

关键词：软件多样化拟态防御软件安全产业

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Risk factors for chronic graft-versus-host disease after anti-thymocyte globulin-based haploidentical

Meng Lv, Xiaohui Zhang, Lanping Xu, Yu Wang, Chenhua Yan, Huan Chen, Yuhong Chen, Wei Han, Fengrong Wang, Jingzhi Wang, Kaiyan Liu, Xiaojun Huang, Xiaodong Mo

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 667-679 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0702-z

摘要： Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major complication following unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). We aimed to identify the risk factors for cGVHD in patients who underwent anti-thymocyte globulin-based haplo-HSCT for acute myeloid leukemia ( =280). The diagnosis of cGVHD was in accordance with the National Institutes of Health consensus criteria. A total of 169 patients suffered from cGVHD. The patients who had 3 loci mismatched had a higher 8-year incidence of cGVHD (total, 66.0% vs. 53.7%, =0.031; moderate to severe, 42.4% vs. 30.1%, =0.036) than the patients who had 1 to 2 loci mismatched. The patients who had maternal donors had a higher 8-year incidence of moderate to severe cGVHD (49.2% vs. 32.9%, =0.024) compared with the patients who had other donors. The patients who had grades III to IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) had higher 8-year incidence of cGVHD (total, 88.0% vs. 50.4%, <0.001; moderate to severe, 68.0% vs. 27.0%, <0.001) compared with the patients without aGVHD. In multivariate analysis, grades III to IV aGVHD was the only independent risk factor for cGVHD. Thus, further interventions should be considered in patients with severe aGVHD to prevent cGVHD.

关键词： acute graft-versus-host disease chronic graft-versus-host disease National Institutes of Health consensus criteria acute myeloid leukemia anti-thymocyte globulin

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New insights in the battle between wheat and

Chunlei TANG,Xiaojie WANG,Yulin CHENG,Minjie LIU,Mengxin ZHAO,Jinping WEI,Zhensheng KANG

期刊论文

Gene and protein expression of proteinase-activated receptor-1, 2 in a murine model of acute graft host

Quan LI MD , Weiming LI MD , Ping ZOU MD , Jian ZHANG BM ,

期刊论文

拟态防御基础理论研究综述

斯雪明,王伟,曾俊杰、杨本朝、李光松、苑超、张帆

期刊论文

拟态防御技术

罗兴国, 仝青, 张铮, 邬江兴

期刊论文

Integrated analysis of gut microbiome and host immune responses in COVID-19

期刊论文

基于博弈论方法的移动目标防御机理研究

Gui-lin CAI, Bao-sheng WANG, Qian-qian XING

期刊论文

Polyamines and antioxidant defense system are associated with cold tolerance in centipedegrass

Jingjing CHEN, Junyang FANG, Zhenfei GUO, Shaoyun LU

期刊论文

Graft versus host disease after liver transplantation: A case report

Peng-Ji GAO, Xi-Sheng LENG, Dong WANG, Guang-Ming LI, Lei HUANG, Jie GAO, JI-Ye ZHU,

期刊论文

INTERFERENCE BY NON-HOST PLANT ROOTS AND ROOT EXUDATES IN THE INFECTION PROCESSES OF PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE

期刊论文

Permeability and thermal conductivity of host compressed natural graphite for consolidated activated

Bo TIAN, Liwei WANG, Zhequan JIN, Ruzhu WANG

期刊论文

Host protection against Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages by prior vaccination in spring 2022 COVID-19 outbreak

期刊论文

水下攻防对抗体系及其未来发展

谢伟,杨萌,龚俊斌

期刊论文

移动目标防御：现状及特征

Gui-lin CAI,Bao-sheng WANG,Wei HU,Tian-zuo WANG

期刊论文

拟态防御技术结合软件多样化在软件安全产业中的应用

庞建民,张宇嘉,张铮、邬江兴

期刊论文

Risk factors for chronic graft-versus-host disease after anti-thymocyte globulin-based haploidentical

Meng Lv, Xiaohui Zhang, Lanping Xu, Yu Wang, Chenhua Yan, Huan Chen, Yuhong Chen, Wei Han, Fengrong Wang, Jingzhi Wang, Kaiyan Liu, Xiaojun Huang, Xiaodong Mo

期刊论文

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