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Elements’ important ranking of China drug safety management system: applying the non-structural

Xiaoping ZHENG, Xiaocui WANG, Tingkuan ZHONG,

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 290-299 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0283-5

摘要: Drug safety management is an important issue in China drug management system and attracts great attentions from the whole society. In order to reduce drug incident, this study discusses some important elements associated with China drug safety management system and analyzes the data collected by questionnaires. Besides, a methodology for rating the important elements is described and applied. The non-structural fuzzy group decision method not only considers the insufficient precise information but also combines the opinions of different kinds of respondents in China’s four municipalities. The results indicate that the sample systems are the most important in these important elements, and the order of importance is sampling systems, licensing systems, traceability systems, transaction models, pharmacovigilance and emergence management. This study not only points out the important ranking of the pivotal elements in China drug safety management but also gives some specific proposals about how to enhance drug safety management in China.

关键词: management system     different     management     important ranking     non-structural fuzzy    

Presentation of machine learning methods to determine the most important factors affecting road traffic

Hamid MIRZAHOSSEIN; Milad SASHURPOUR; Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINIAN; Vahid Najafi Moghaddam GILANI

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 657-666 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0827-z

摘要: The purpose of this research was to develop statistical and intelligent models for predicting the severity of road traffic accidents (RTAs) on rural roads. Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR) was used to predict the likelihood of RTAs. For more accurate prediction, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radius Basis Function (RBF) neural networks were applied. Results indicated that in MLR, the model obtained from the backward method with the correct percent of 84.7% and R2 value of 0.893 was the best method for predicting the likelihood of RTAs. Also, MLR showed that the variables of not paying attention to the front not paying attention to the frontroad ahead, followed byand then vehicle-motorcycle/bike accidents were the greatest problems. Among the models, MLP had a better performance, so that the prediction accuracy of MLR, MLP, and RBF were 84.7%, 96.7%, and 92.1%, respectively. MLP model, due to higher accuracy, showed that the variable of reason of accident had the highest effect on the prediction of accidents, and considering MLR results, the variables of not paying attention to the front and then vehicle-motorcycle/bike accidents had the most influence on the occurrence of accidents. Therefore, motorcyclists and cyclists are more prone to accidents, and appropriate solutions should be adopted to enhance their safety.

关键词: safety     rural accidents     multiple logistic regression     artificial neural networks    

Genomic regions under selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds

Xuexue LIU, Yuehui MA, Lin JIANG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 289-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017155

摘要: Horses were domesticated 5500 years ago, thousands of years later than other domestic animals; however, in this relatively short period, domestic horses have had a great impact on human history by accelerating civilization, revolutionizing warfare and advancing agricultural production. Modern breeding using marker-assisted selection has greatly accelerated breeding progress. Therefore, identification of genetic markers underlying the traits of interest in domestic horses is the basis for the modern breeding system. In this review, we present an overview of genetic mapping studies and genome wide analyses to identify the genomic regions targeted by positive selection for four important aspects of horses, coat color, racing performance, gait and height at withers. The locus, for example, has been shown to be the main gene responsible for chestnut color, and the locus has been shown to control the muscle fiber growth in racing breeds. The missense mutation in is the causal mutation for the alternate gaits in horses. Height at withers, a quantitative trait, was mapped to four major loci (3:105547002, 6:81481064, 9:75550059 and 11:232597 32) that can explain 83% of the height variations in domestic horses.

关键词: horse     coat color     racing performance     gait     height    

Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep

Song-Song XU, Meng-Hua LI

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 279-288 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017151

摘要: Sheep are one of the most economically important domesticated animals for human society. However, genetic improvements for the key traits associated with meat, growth, milk, wool, reproduction, horns and tails progress slowly using conventional crossbreeding methods. With the development and utilization of high-throughput screening technologies over the last decade, a list of functional genes and genetic variants associated with these traits has been identified. This review covers recent genome-wide studies on sheep productive traits using high-throughput screening technologies, including those based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants at the whole-genome level (e.g., genome-wide association studies), transcriptome and DNA methylation sequences. Additionally, comprehensive information on functional genes and genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep is provided.

关键词: sheep     high-throughput screening     productive traits     genome-wide studies    

知识发现领域中当今面临的五类重大问题

杨炳儒

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第4期   页码 76-83

摘要:

系统地总结与提出知识发现(KD)领域中当今面临的五类重大问题,它们是KD中的两大核心问题、两大猜想问题、主流发展中富有挑战性的问题、应用研究中的相关领域重大问题以及KD技术标准的制定问题,并给出其部分成果或具体分析。这五类问题密切相关,对它们的研究必将KD推向新的发展阶段,并在该领域内外产生深刻的影响。

关键词: KD核心问题     KD猜想     KD挑战性问题     蛋白质二级结构预测     KD技术标准    

Clinical factors associated with composition of lung microbiota and important taxa predicting clinical

《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 389-402 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0856-3

摘要: Few studies have described the key features and prognostic roles of lung microbiota in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP). We prospectively enrolled consecutive SCAP patients admitted to ICU. Bronchoscopy was performed at bedside within 48 h of ICU admission, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to the collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The primary outcome was clinical improvements defined as a decrease of 2 categories and above on a 7-category ordinal scale within 14 days following bronchoscopy. Sixty-seven patients were included. Multivariable permutational multivariate analysis of variance found that positive bacteria lab test results had the strongest independent association with lung microbiota (R2=0.033; P=0.018), followed by acute kidney injury (AKI; R2=0.032; P=0.011) and plasma MIP-1β level (R2=0.027; P=0.044). Random forest identified that the families Prevotellaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Staphylococcaceae were the biomarkers related to the positive bacteria lab test results. Multivariable Cox regression showed that the increase in α-diversity and the abundance of the families Prevotellaceae and Actinomycetaceae were associated with clinical improvements. The positive bacteria lab test results, AKI, and plasma MIP-1β level were associated with patients’ lung microbiota composition on ICU admission. The families Prevotellaceae and Actinomycetaceae on admission predicted clinical improvements.

关键词: severe community-acquired pneumonia     lung microbiota     clinical improvements     7-category ordinal scale     Prevotellaceae    

Sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients: an important and easily ignored problem based on a

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 118-126 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0306-6

摘要:

Intensive care unit (ICU) is important in the rehabilitation of critically ill patients. In the past decades, many patients who received aggressive treatment in ICU developed sclerosing cholangitis in multiple centers. Sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SC-CIP) is a relatively new issue. To investigate the causes, clinical manifestation, treatment, and prognosis of SC-CIP, we searched for published cases in the databases of PubMed, Highwire, and Elsevier from 2001 to 2012. Data were extracted using a standard form and retrospectively analyzed. Twelve eligible studies covering 88 patients, with 64 men and 24 women, were enrolled in this analysis. The mean age was 49.8 years. All of the patients recovered from critical illnesses, such as trauma, infection, burn, and major surgeries. High pressure positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP, peak level at 12.8 cm H2O) was utilized for all patients, with the average duration of 36.3 d. In addition, vasopressor agents were administered in approximately 60% of SC-CIP. A rapid increase in cholestasis and irregular strictures in the intrahepatic bile ducts was observed in the following months. With an average follow-up period of 17.9 months, poor outcomes were observed in 54 patients, including 34 deaths. In conclusion, ischemic injury of the biliary tree, which may be affected by PEEP and/or vasopressor administration, affects cholangiopathic procedure. As a newly discovered type of secondary sclerosing cholangitis, SC-CIP is a severe progressive complication of patients in ICU and should be carefully monitored by clinicians.

关键词: intensive care unit     sclerosing cholangitis     ischemic injury     prognosis     systemic review    

Contact of surfaces and contact characteristics of offset surfaces

CAO Lixin, GONG Hu, LIU Jian

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第3卷 第3期   页码 318-324 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0067-5

摘要: Based on differential geometry, the contact problems of two surfaces are discussed in this paper. The relationship between the contact status of two surfaces and that of offset surfaces are also analyzed. For a 5-axis NC machining, some research such as optimization of cutter location and calculation of the geometrical cusp height are important. The research results indicate that the relative normal curvature is an important geometrical invariant for describing the contact state of two surfaces. For point contact two surfaces, the calculation equation for the second order remained error is given. For line contact two surfaces, the condition of the second order line contact is that the principal directions and curvatures of the two surfaces are the same along the contact curve. If two surfaces keep the second order line contact, their two offset surfaces will also keep the second order line contact, and their third order remained errors are also uniform with that of the two offset surfaces.

关键词: relative     important geometrical     relationship     geometrical invariant     calculation    

Screening of textile finishing agents available on the Chinese market: An important source of per- and

Mehvish Mumtaz, Yixiang Bao, Wenchao Li, Lingxiao Kong, Jun Huang, Gang Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1145-0

摘要: Kendrick mass defect was used for PFASs screening in textile finishing agents (TFAs). Total oxidizable precursor assay provides insight into unknown precursors. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was found as impurity in short ECF technology based TFAs. Perfluorooctanoate was also detected in C6 telomerization based TFAs. Long chain precursors were also observed in both types of TFAs. Organofluorinated surfactants are widely employed in textile finishing agents (TFAs) to achieve oil, water, and stain repellency. This has been regarded as an important emission source of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to the environment. China is the biggest manufacturer of clothes, and thus TFA production is also a relevant industrial activity. Nevertheless, to date, no survey has been conducted on PFAS contents in commercially available TFAs. In the present study, TFA products were investigated by the Kendrick mass defect method. The quantification results demonstrated a significant presence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (0.37 mg/L) in TFAs manufactured by electrochemical fluorination technology. The products obtained by short-chain PFAS-based telomerization were dominated by perfluorooctanoic acid (mean concentration: 0.29 mg/L), whose values exceeded the limits stated in the European Chemical Agency guidelines (0.025 mg/L). Moreover, the total oxidizable precursor assay indicated high levels of indirectly quantified precursors with long alkyl chains (C7–C9). Together, these results suggest that there is currently a certain of environmental and health risks in China that originates from the utilization of TFAs, and a better manufacturing processes are required to reduce such risks.

关键词: Textile finishing agents     Kendrick mass defect     Total oxidizable precursor assay    

Identification of genome regions and important variations associated with expression level of

Ye HOU,Lu JING,Yunxia ZHAO,Sheng WANG,An LIU,Shuhong ZHAO,Xinyun LI

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第3期   页码 237-241 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015057

摘要: Meat quality is one of the most important economic traits in pig breeding. It has been reported that the composition of type II muscle fibers is correlated with meat quality in pigs. Type II muscle fibers contain three isoforms, IIa, IIb and IIx, which contain specific myofibrillar proteins MYH2, MYH4 and MYH1, respectively. In this study, the expression levels of , , and genes in the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were measured in 114 Yorkshire pigs. Further, the correlations between the expression level of genes and the meat quality traits of intramuscular fat, drip loss, water-holding capacity and postmortem pH values were analyzed. The results showed that the expression level of was positively correlated with the intramuscular fat ( = 0.20, <0.05). The expression levels of and were negatively correlated with the pH at 24 h post mortem (pH ; = -0.28, <0.01; = -0.25, <0.01, respectively). Besides, the 60K SNP chip was used for genotyping the individuals. Genome wide association analysis indicated that 15 SNPs were significantly associated with the expression levels of these three genes. The results indicated the expression levels of , and genes could be useful markers for improvement of meat quality in pigs.

关键词: pig     IMF     pH     MYH1     MYH2     MYH4    

Hydraulic properties of typical salt-affected soils in Jiangsu Province, China

CHEN Xiaomin, SHEN Qirong, XU Yangchun

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 443-447 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0070-9

摘要: Every year about 1,500 ha of land is reclaimed from the sea along the coastline of Jiangsu Province, China. It is important to characterize the hydraulic properties of this reclaimed land to be able to predict and manage salt and wa

关键词: hydraulic     Jiangsu Province     coastline     important     reclaimed    

COVID-19 containment: China provides important lessons for global response

Shuxian Zhang, Zezhou Wang, Ruijie Chang, Huwen Wang, Chen Xu, Xiaoyue Yu, Lhakpa Tsamlag, Yinqiao Dong, Hui Wang, Yong Cai

《医学前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 215-219 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0766-9

摘要: The world must act fast to contain wider international spread of the epidemic of COVID-19 now. The unprecedented public health efforts in China have contained the spread of this new virus. Measures taken in China are currently proven to reduce human-to-human transmission successfully. We summarized the effective intervention and prevention measures in the fields of public health response, clinical management, and research development in China, which may provide vital lessons for the global response. It is really important to take collaborative actions now to save more lives from the pandemic of COVID-19.

关键词: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)     control measure     public health response    

Identification of important precursors and theoretical toxicity evaluation of byproducts driving cytotoxicity

Qian-Yuan Wu, Yi-Jun Yan, Yao Lu, Ye Du, Zi-Fan Liang, Hong-Ying Hu

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1204-6

摘要: • NOM formed more C-DBPs while amino acids formed more N-DBPs during chlorination • Aspartic acid and asparagine showed the highest toxicity index during chlorination • Dichloroacetonitrile might be a driving DBP for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity • Dichloroacetonitrile dominated the toxicity under different chlorination conditions Chlorination, the most widely used disinfection process for water treatment, is unfortunately always accompanied with the formation of hazardous disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Various organic matter species, like natural organic matter (NOM) and amino acids, can serve as precursors of DBPs during chlorination but it is not clear what types of organic matter have higher potential risks. Although regulation of DBPs such as trihalomethanes has received much attention, further investigation of the DBPs driving toxicity is required. This study aimed to identify the important precursors of chlorination by measuring DBP formation from NOM and amino acids, and to determine the main DBPs driving toxicity using a theoretical toxicity evaluation of contributions to the cytotoxicity index (CTI) and genotoxicity index (GTI). The results showed that NOM mainly formed carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs), such as trichloromethane, while amino acids mainly formed nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs), such as dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN). Among the DBPs, DCAN had the largest contribution to the toxicity index and might be the main driver of toxicity. Among the precursors, aspartic acid and asparagine gave the highest DCAN concentration (200 g/L) and the highest CTI and GTI. Therefore, aspartic acid and asparagine are important precursors for toxicity and their concentrations should be reduced as much as possible before chlorination to minimize the formation of DBPs. During chlorination of NOM, tryptophan, and asparagine solutions with different chlorine doses and reaction times, changes in the CTI and GTI were consistent with changes in the DCAN concentration.

关键词: Chlorination     Dichloroacetonitrile     Aspartic acid     Asparagine     Toxicity index    

Life cycle and performance based seismic design of major bridges in China

FAN Lichu

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 261-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0033-z

摘要: The idea of life cycle and performance based seismic design of major bridges is introduced. Based on the key components and non-key components of a bridge and the consideration of the inspectability, replaceability, reparability, controllability and retrofitability of the bridge components, different seismic design levels and expected performance objectives are suggested for the major bridges in China. The vulnerability analysis and progressive collapse analysis, as well as risk assessment, are also proposed to be the important issues to study in order to guide the seismic design of major bridges in the future.

关键词: controllability     progressive     reparability     different     important    

培育企业创新能力是苏通大桥建设的重要使命

游庆仲

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第3期   页码 4-7

摘要:

分析了我国公共基础设施建设领域创新体系的现状,探讨了业主在建立以企业为主体,产学研相结合的技术创新体系中的定位与职责;提出了重大工程建设是提升国家创新能力的一项重要资源,结合苏通大桥工程实践,阐述了依托重大工程培育龙头企业核心竞争力的有效做法。

关键词: 苏通大桥     工程     创新     企业    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Elements’ important ranking of China drug safety management system: applying the non-structural

Xiaoping ZHENG, Xiaocui WANG, Tingkuan ZHONG,

期刊论文

Presentation of machine learning methods to determine the most important factors affecting road traffic

Hamid MIRZAHOSSEIN; Milad SASHURPOUR; Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINIAN; Vahid Najafi Moghaddam GILANI

期刊论文

Genomic regions under selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds

Xuexue LIU, Yuehui MA, Lin JIANG

期刊论文

Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep

Song-Song XU, Meng-Hua LI

期刊论文

知识发现领域中当今面临的五类重大问题

杨炳儒

期刊论文

Clinical factors associated with composition of lung microbiota and important taxa predicting clinical

期刊论文

Sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients: an important and easily ignored problem based on a

null

期刊论文

Contact of surfaces and contact characteristics of offset surfaces

CAO Lixin, GONG Hu, LIU Jian

期刊论文

Screening of textile finishing agents available on the Chinese market: An important source of per- and

Mehvish Mumtaz, Yixiang Bao, Wenchao Li, Lingxiao Kong, Jun Huang, Gang Yu

期刊论文

Identification of genome regions and important variations associated with expression level of

Ye HOU,Lu JING,Yunxia ZHAO,Sheng WANG,An LIU,Shuhong ZHAO,Xinyun LI

期刊论文

Hydraulic properties of typical salt-affected soils in Jiangsu Province, China

CHEN Xiaomin, SHEN Qirong, XU Yangchun

期刊论文

COVID-19 containment: China provides important lessons for global response

Shuxian Zhang, Zezhou Wang, Ruijie Chang, Huwen Wang, Chen Xu, Xiaoyue Yu, Lhakpa Tsamlag, Yinqiao Dong, Hui Wang, Yong Cai

期刊论文

Identification of important precursors and theoretical toxicity evaluation of byproducts driving cytotoxicity

Qian-Yuan Wu, Yi-Jun Yan, Yao Lu, Ye Du, Zi-Fan Liang, Hong-Ying Hu

期刊论文

Life cycle and performance based seismic design of major bridges in China

FAN Lichu

期刊论文

培育企业创新能力是苏通大桥建设的重要使命

游庆仲

期刊论文