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Developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023514

摘要：

● The urgent need to address increasing worldwide food and climate insecurity.

关键词： climate resilience     food security     human health     planetary health     regenerative agriculture    

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Dihydroartemisinin increased the abundance of by YAP1 depression that sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 729-746 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0978-2

摘要： The effect of anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy is limited in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression increased in liver tumor cells in early HCC, and Akkermansia muciniphila abundance decreased in the colon. The response to anti-PD-1 treatment is associated with A. muciniphila abundance in many tumors. However, the interaction between A. muciniphila abundance and YAP1 expression remains unclear in HCC. Here, anti-PD-1 treatment decreased A. muciniphila abundance in the colon, but increased YAP1 expression in the tumor cells by mice with liver tumors in situ. Mechanistically, hepatocyte-specific Yap1 knockout (Yap1LKO) maintained bile acid homeostasis in the liver, resulting in an increased abundance of A. muciniphila in the colon. Yap1 knockout enhanced anti-PD-1 efficacy. Therefore, YAP1 inhibition is a potential target for increasing A. muciniphila abundance to promote anti-PD-1 efficacy in liver tumors. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), acting as YAP1 inhibitor, increased A. muciniphila abundance to sensitize anti-PD-1 therapy. A. muciniphila by gavage increased the number and activation of CD8+ T cells in liver tumor niches during DHA treatment or combination with anti-PD-1. Our findings suggested that the combination anti-PD-1 with DHA is an effective strategy for liver tumor treatment.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma     YAP1     Akkermansia muciniphila     anti-PD-1     dihydroartemisinin     bile acid    

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Liver-directed treatment is associated with improved survival and increased response to immune checkpoint

《医学前沿（英文）》   页码 878-888 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0993-y

摘要： Metastases of uveal melanoma (UM) spread predominantly to the liver. Due to low response rates to systemic therapies, liver-directed therapies (LDT) are commonly used for tumor control. The impact of LDT on the response to systemic treatment is unknown. A total of 182 patients with metastatic UM treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) were included in this analysis. Patients were recruited from prospective skin cancer centers and the German national skin cancer registry (ADOReg) of the German Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group (DeCOG). Two cohorts were compared: patients with LDT (cohort A, n = 78) versus those without LDT (cohort B, n = 104). Data were analyzed for response to treatment, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The median OS was significantly longer in cohort A than in cohort B (20.1 vs. 13.8 months; P = 0.0016) and a trend towards improved PFS was observed for cohort A (3.0 vs. 2.5 months; P = 0.054). The objective response rate to any ICB (16.7% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.0073) and combined ICB (14.1% vs. 4.5%, P = 0.017) was more favorable in cohort A. Our data suggest that the combination of LDT with ICB may be associated with a survival benefit and higher treatment response to ICB in patients with metastatic UM.

关键词： uveal melanoma     liver-directed therapy     immune checkpoint blockade     SIRT     anti-PD-1     anti-CTLA-4    

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Predication of increased plasma homocysteine level on the prognosis of Chinese patients with first-onset

YAN Jiangtao, SHAO Jiaomei, WANG Daowen, YUE Zhengliang, HUI Rutai

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 352-355 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0067-1

摘要： Epidemiological studies show that increased plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level was an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between tHcy level and prognosis of first-onset stroke in Chinese people. One hundred ninety six patients with first-onset ischemic stroke and ninety-five patients with first-onset hemorrhagic stroke were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups in terms of tHcy level (< 18 ?mol/L and ≥ 18 ?mol/L). The plasma tHcy level was detected by a high performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection. All the patients underwent a 5-year follow-up. Survival analysis shows that the probability of death or new vascular events in the ischemic stroke patients with high tHcy level (≥ 18 ?mol/L) was significantly higher than that in the counterparts with lower tHcy level (< 18 ?mol/L) (50.9% and 28.7%, respectively, = 0.004). The relative risk of death or new vascular events was 2.363 (95% CI, 1.209 to 4.617, = 0.012) in ischemic stroke patients with high tHcy levels(≥ 18 ?mol/L) compared to those with a lower tHcy level (< 18 ?mol/L). The increased tHcy level was significantly associated with the risk of death or new vascular events (, 2.492, 95% CI, 1.148 to 5.407, = 0.021) in patients with ischemic stroke in the exclusion of the influence of other risk factors such as gender, age, body mass index, plasma cholesterol level, the history of hypertension, diabetes or smoking. However, in the patients with hemorrhagic stroke, there was no significant difference in the probability of death or new vascular events between patients with a high tHcy level and those with a lower tHcy level (33.3% and 28.2%, respectively, = 0.546). Increased tHcy level was an independent risk factor for a worse outcome in patients with first-onset ischemic stroke, but not in hemorrhagic stroke patients.
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Cotransfecting norepinephrine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 genes for increased retention

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 120-128 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0501-3

摘要：

Norepinephrine transporter (NET) transfection leads to significant uptake of iodine-131-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) in non-neuroendocrine tumors. However, the use of 131I-MIBG is limited by its short retention time in target cells. To prolong the retention of 131I-MIBG in target cells, we infected hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells with Lentivirus-encoding human NET and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) genes to obtain NET-expressing, NET-VMAT2-coexpressing, and negative-control cell lines. We evaluated the uptake and efflux of 131I-MIBG both in vitro and in vivo in mice bearing transfected tumors. NET-expressing and NET-VMAT2-coexpressing cells respectively showed 2.24 and 2.22 times higher 131I-MIBG uptake than controls. Two hours after removal of 131I-MIBG-containing medium, 25.4% efflux was observed in NET-VMAT2-coexpressing cells and 38.6% in NET-expressing cells. In vivo experiments were performed in nude mice bearing transfected tumors; results revealed that NET-VMAT2-coexpressing tumors had longer 131I-MIBG retention time than NET-expressing tumors. Meanwhile, NET-VMAT2-coexpressing and NET-expressing tumors displayed 0.54% and 0.19%, respectively, of the injected dose per gram of tissue 24 h after 131I-MIBG administration. Cotransfection of HepG2 cells with NET and VMAT2resulted in increased 131I-MIBG uptake and retention. However, the degree of increase was insufficient to be therapeutically effective in target cells.

关键词： norepinephrine transporter     vesicular monoamine transporter 2     -MIBG     gene therapy     lentivirus vector    

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Tramadol reinforces antidepressant effects of ketamine with increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 411-415 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0226-2

摘要：

Ketamine exerts rapid and robust antidepressant properties in both animal models and depressed patients and tramadol possesses potential antidepressant effects. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important biomarker for mood disorders and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) is a high affinity catalytic receptor for BDNF. We hypothesized that tramadol pretreatment might reinforce ketamine-elicited antidepressant effects with significant changes in hippocampal BDNF and TrkB levels in rats. Immobility time of rats receiving different treatment in the forced swimming test (FST) was observed. Levels of BDNF and TrkB in hippocampus were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that tramadol (5 mg/kg) administrated alone neither elicited antidepressant effects nor altered BDNF or TrkB level. However, pretreatment with tramadol (5 mg/kg) enhanced the ketamine (10 mg/kg) -elicited antidepressant effects and upregulated the BDNF and TrkB levels in hippocampus. In conclusion, tramadol pretreatment reinforces the ketamine-elicited antidepressant effects, which is associated with the increased levels of BDNF and TrkB in rat hippocampus.

关键词： tramadol     ketamine     antidepressant     brain-derived neurotrophic factor     tropomyosin-related kinase B    

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Poor adherence to P2Y12 antagonists increased cardiovascular risks in Chinese PCI-treated patients

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 53-61 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0502-2

摘要：

Low adherence to secondary prevention medications (ATM) of patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, literature provides limited data on assessment of ATM and risks associated with poor in Chinese patients with ACS. In the current work, ATM was assessed in consecutively recruited patients with ACS in Tongji Hospital from November 5, 2013 to December 31, 2014. A total of 2126 patients were classified under low adherence (proportion of days covered (PDC)<50%) and high adherence (PDC>50%) groups based on their performance after discharge. All patients were followed up at the 1st, 6th, and 12th month of discharge while recording ATM and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Bivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with ATM. Cox regression was used to analyze the association between ATM and MACE within one year after discharge. Results showed that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) alone had significantly lower proportion of high adherence to P2Y12 antagonists (83.0% vs. 90.7%, P<0.01) than patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) only. Moreover, in patients undergoing PCI, high adherence to P2Y12 antagonists decreased the risk of MACE (hazard ratio=0.172, 95% confidence interval: 0.039–0.763; P=0.021). In conclusion, PCI-treated patients are more prone to remaining adherent to medications than CABG-treated patients. High adherence to P2Y12 antagonists was associated with lower risk of MACE.

关键词： acute coronary syndromes     adherence to secondary prevention medications     clinical outcome    

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Optimal Su-Do-Ku based interconnection scheme for increased power output from PV array under partial

P. SRINIVASA RAO,P. DINESH,G. SARAVANA ILANGO,C. NAGAMANI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 199-210 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0350-1

摘要： Partial shading is a common phenomenon in PV arrays. They drastically reduce the power output because of mismatch losses, which are reliant on the shape of the shade as well as the locations of shaded panels in the array. The power output can be improved by distributing the shade over various rows to maximize the current entering the node. A Su-Do-Ku configuration can be used to rearrange the physical locations of the PV modules in a total cross tied PV array with the electrical connections left unchanged. However, this arrangement increases the length of the wire required to interconnect the panels thus increasing the line losses. In this paper, an improved Su-Do-Ku arrangement that reduces the length of the wire required for the connection is proposed. The system is designed and simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment for various shading patterns and the efficacies of various arrangements are compared. The results prove that the power output is higher in the proposed improved Su-Do-Ku reconfiguration technique compared to the earlier proposed Su-Do-Ku technique.

关键词： array configuration     mismatch losses     partial shading     line losses     Su-Do-Ku arrangement    

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Increased expression of coronin-1a in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a potential diagnostic biomarker

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 723-735 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0905-y

摘要： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease. At present, no definite ALS biomarkers are available. In this study, exosomes from the plasma of patients with ALS and healthy controls were extracted, and differentially expressed exosomal proteins were compared. Among them, the expression of exosomal coronin-1a (CORO1A) was 5.3-fold higher than that in the controls. CORO1A increased with disease progression at a certain proportion in the plasma of patients with ALS and in the spinal cord of ALS mice. CORO1A was also overexpressed in NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells, and apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagic protein expression were evaluated. CORO1A overexpression resulted in increased apoptosis and oxidative stress, overactivated autophagy, and hindered the formation of autolysosomes. Moreover, CORO1A activated Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, thereby blocking the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. The inhibition of calcineurin activation by cyclosporin A reversed the damaged autolysosomes. In conclusion, the role of CORO1A in ALS pathogenesis was discovered, potentially affecting the disease onset and progression by blocking autophagic flux. Therefore, CORO1A might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ALS.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis     coronin-1a     autophagy     pathogenesis    

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Aerodynamic performance of bowed compressor cascades with different camber angles

CHEN Shaowen, CHEN Fu, WANG Keli, GU Jun, WANG Zhongqi

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 306-312 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0056-8

摘要： The effects of a positively bowed blade on the aerodynamic performance of annular compressor cascades with different camber angles were experimentally investigated. The distributions of the exit total pressure loss and secondary flow vectors of the compressor cascades were analyzed. The static pressure was measured by tapping on the cascade surfaces, and the ink-trace flow visualizations were conducted. The results show that the value of the optimum bowed angle and optimum bowed height decrease because of the increased losses at the mid-span with the increase of the camber angle. The C-shape static pressure distribution along the radial direction exists on the suction surface of the straight cascade with larger camber angles. When bowed blade is applied, the larger bowed angle and larger bowed height will further enhance the accumulation of the low-energy fluid at the mid-span, thus causing the flow behavior to deteriorate. Under 60° camber angle, flow behavior near the end-wall region of some bowed cascades even deteriorates instead of improving because the blockage of the separated flow near the mid-span keeps the low-energy fluid near the end-walls from moving towards the mid-span region. As a result, a rapid augmentation of the total loss can easily take place under a large bowed angle.

关键词： increase     different     blockage     increased     ink-trace    

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Cavitation in semi-open centrifugal impellers for a miniature pump

LUO Xianwu, LIU Shuhong, ZHANG Yao, XU Hongyuan

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 31-35 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0011-8

摘要： Cavitation in miniature pumps was investigated experimentally for two semi-open centrifugal impellers. Although both impellers had the same blade cross-section, one impeller had a two-dimensional blade, while the other had a leaned blade. The flows were also analyzed using a numerical model of the three-dimensional turbulent flow in the pumps near the peak efficiency point using the -? turbulence model and the VOF cavitation model. The average cavitation performance of each impeller was satisfactorily predicted by the numerical simulations. The results show that the miniature pumps have similar cavitation performances as an ordinary-size pump, with the cavitation performance of the semi-open impeller reduced by increased axial tip clearances. Also, both the hydraulic and cavitation performance of the semi-open impeller were improved by the leaned blade. The results also show that uniform flow upstream of the impeller inlet will improve the cavitation performance of a miniature pump.

关键词： cavitation performance     semi-open impeller     increased     two-dimensional     efficiency    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

期刊论文

Dihydroartemisinin increased the abundance of by YAP1 depression that sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma

期刊论文

Liver-directed treatment is associated with improved survival and increased response to immune checkpoint

期刊论文

Predication of increased plasma homocysteine level on the prognosis of Chinese patients with first-onset

YAN Jiangtao, SHAO Jiaomei, WANG Daowen, YUE Zhengliang, HUI Rutai

期刊论文

Cotransfecting norepinephrine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 genes for increased retention

null

期刊论文

Tramadol reinforces antidepressant effects of ketamine with increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic

null

期刊论文

Poor adherence to P2Y12 antagonists increased cardiovascular risks in Chinese PCI-treated patients

null

期刊论文

Optimal Su-Do-Ku based interconnection scheme for increased power output from PV array under partial

P. SRINIVASA RAO,P. DINESH,G. SARAVANA ILANGO,C. NAGAMANI

期刊论文

Increased expression of coronin-1a in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a potential diagnostic biomarker

期刊论文

Aerodynamic performance of bowed compressor cascades with different camber angles

CHEN Shaowen, CHEN Fu, WANG Keli, GU Jun, WANG Zhongqi

期刊论文

Cavitation in semi-open centrifugal impellers for a miniature pump

LUO Xianwu, LIU Shuhong, ZHANG Yao, XU Hongyuan

期刊论文