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视觉检测技术及应用

叶声华,邾继贵,王仲,杨学友

《中国工程科学》 1999年 第1卷 第1期   页码 49-52

摘要:

视觉检测技术,尤其是基于三角法的主动和被动视觉检测技术具有非接触、速度快、柔性好等特点,是一种先进的检测手段,适合现代制造业的需要。文章论述了视觉检测技术原理,讨论了已经研制的多个实际视觉检测系统,从不同角度展示了视觉检测技术在现代制造业中广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 主动视觉     被动视觉     检测系统     现代制造    

中医舌诊客观化研究

翁维良,黄世敬

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第1期   页码 78-82

摘要:

中国中医研究院西苑医院等运用计算机图像处理技术,结合中医舌诊相关理论研制出“中医舌诊专家系统”,实现了舌诊的定量分析。我们应用该系统,对927例患者舌质舌苔定量观察,探讨舌诊定量变化规律,结果表明,各类舌质舌苔有相应的RGB(R为红色,G为绿色,B为蓝色)数量特征(P<0.01);舌苔RGB值不仅与舌苔颜色密切相关,而且和舌苔的厚薄、腐腻等变化明显相关;舌苔面积百分数基本上反映了舌苔的覆盖面积。因此,应用中医舌诊专家系统对舌质舌苔进行量化诊断,可为中医辨证提供客观依据。

关键词: 舌诊     客观化     专家系统    

QMS: Its Application and Innovation at a Small Inspection and Appraisal Company

Ai-lian Lin,Yong-ning Niu,Ping-jing Yu

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2014年 第1卷 第4期   页码 390-394 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014054

摘要: This paper analyzes the experience of a small inspection and appraisal company, discusses the establishment of the criteria and principles of a quality management system (QMS), explores how to appropriately use the articles of the relevant regulations and laws and how to foster innovation in quality management, and finally, makes an evaluation of QMS improvement and its contribution to the development of quality management companies.

关键词: buildings     inspection-appraisal     quality management system (QMS)    

基于爆破源的大坝隐患探测新技术

周厚贵,谭恺炎

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第4期   页码 79-82

摘要:

采用无损检测技术对大坝进行隐患探测的方法,是目前国际上的新兴检测技术。文章介绍了基于爆 破源的大坝隐患探测新技术的测试原理、系统组成、实施步骤及关键技术。

关键词: 爆破源     大坝     隐患探测     弹性波     动态监测     激励信号    

Time reversal method for guided wave inspection in pipes

DENG Fei, WU Bin, HE Cunfu

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第3卷 第3期   页码 251-260 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0050-1

摘要: The application of the time reversal method in pipe-like structures based on finite element method (FEM) is investigated. A steel pipe model measuring 70 mm × 3.5 mm is used to analyze the reflection coefficient of the (0,2) mode with the time reversal process. Simulation results show that the time reversal array method is beneficial to the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of a guided wave inspection system. As the intercepting window is widened, more energy is included in re-emitted signals, which leads to a large reflection coefficient of the (0,2) mode. In parallel, a circumferential locating method based on the time reversal method is described. The time reversal process used for guided wave inspection leads to the temporal and spatial focusing. When the time reversal signals are re-emitted, the angular profile obtained at the axial location of the defect can be used to determine the circumferential location of the defect. Except for a pipe with one defect, the circumferential locating method has been verified on another pipe model with two defects. Meanwhile, the elements number of the time reversal array has been discussed for enhancing the discrimination of the defect circumferential location.

关键词: reversal process     beneficial     circumferential location     energy     number    

桥梁电子化人工巡检养护管理系统

沈 旺,张强

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第7期   页码 57-60

摘要:

将危险性分析与量化管理理念应用于桥梁电子化人工巡检养护管理系统的总体设计中,为大型桥梁量身定制巡检养护规划,规范桥梁巡检养护流程,编制巡检养护手册,用于指导巡检养护工作的实施;针对桥梁结构的具体特点,建立专门结构的损伤库,编制电子化人工巡检养护软件,实现巡检养护管理工作的电子化。

关键词: 桥梁管理     巡检     养护     结构解析     危险性分析    

Ingestible wireless capsules for enhanced diagnostic inspection of gastrointestinal tract

Mahdi RASOULI, Andy Prima KENCANA, Van An HUYNH, Eng Kiat TING, Joshua Chong Yue LAI, Kai Juan WONG, Su Lim TAN, Soo Jay PHEE

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第6卷 第1期   页码 40-44 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0204-4

摘要:

Wireless capsule endoscopy has become a common procedure for diagnostic inspection of gastrointestinal tract. This method offers a less-invasive alternative to traditional endoscopy by eliminating uncomfortable procedures of the traditional endoscopy. Moreover, it provides the opportunity for exploring inaccessible areas of the small intestine. Current capsule endoscopes, however, move by peristalsis and are not capable of detailed and on-demand inspection of desired locations. Here, we propose and develop two wireless endoscopes with maneuverable vision systems to enhance diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. The vision systems in these capsules are equipped with mechanical actuators to adjust the position of the camera. This may help to cover larger areas of the digestive tract and investigate desired locations. The preliminary experimental results showed that the developed platform could successfully communicate with the external control unit via human body and adjust the position of camera to limited degrees.

关键词: wireless capsule endoscopy     ingestible medical device     in-body medical device     miniature actuator     medical robot     medical imaging    

Bridging the gap: Neuro-Symbolic Computing for advanced AI applications in construction

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 727-735 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0266-0

摘要: Deep Learning (DL) has revolutionized the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various domains such as computer vision (CV) and natural language processing. However, DL models have limitations including the need for large labeled datasets, lack of interpretability and explainability, potential bias and fairness issues, and limitations in common sense reasoning and contextual understanding. On the other side, DL has shown significant potential in construction for safety and quality inspection tasks using CV models. However, current CV approaches may lack spatial context and measurement capabilities, and struggle with complex safety and quality requirements. The integration of Neuro-Symbolic Computing (NSC), an emerging field that combines DL and symbolic reasoning, has been proposed as a potential solution to address these limitations. NSC has the potential to enable more robust, interpretable, and accurate AI systems in construction by harnessing the strengths of DL and symbolic reasoning. The combination of symbolism and connectionism in NSC can lead to more efficient data usage, improved generalization ability, and enhanced interpretability. Further research and experimentation are needed to effectively integrate NSC with large models and advance CV technologies for precise reporting of safety and quality inspection results in construction.

关键词: advanced AI in construction     safety and quality inspection     Neuro-Symbolic Computing     Deep Learning     computer vision    

Automated classification of civil structure defects based on convolutional neural network

Pierclaudio SAVINO, Francesco TONDOLO

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 305-317 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0725-9

摘要: Today, the most commonly used civil infrastructure inspection method is based on a visual assessment conducted by certified inspectors following prescribed protocols. However, the increase in aggressive environmental and load conditions, coupled with the achievement of many structures of the life-cycle end, has highlighted the need to automate damage identification and satisfy the number of structures that need to be inspected. To overcome this challenge, this paper presents a method for automating concrete damage classification using a deep convolutional neural network. The convolutional neural network was designed after an experimental investigation of a wide number of pretrained networks, applying the transfer-learning technique. Training and validation were conducted using a database built with 1352 images balanced between “undamaged”, “cracked”, and “delaminated” concrete surfaces. To increase the network robustness compared to images in real-world situations, different image configurations have been collected from the Internet and on-field bridge inspections. The GoogLeNet model, with the highest validation accuracy of approximately 94%, was selected as the most suitable network for concrete damage classification. The results confirm that the proposed model can correctly classify images from real concrete surfaces of bridges, tunnels, and pavement, resulting in an effective alternative to the current visual inspection techniques.

关键词: concrete structure     infrastructures     visual inspection     convolutional neural network     artificial intelligence    

Optimal localization of complex surfaces in CAD-based inspection

XU Jinting, LIU Weijun, SUN Yuwen

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第3卷 第4期   页码 426-433 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0068-4

摘要: Complex surface inspection requires the optimal localization of the measured surface related to the design surface so that the two surfaces can be compared in a common coordinate frame. This paper presents a new technique for solving the localization problem. The basic approach consists of two steps: 1) rough localization of the measured points to the design surface based on curvature features, which can produce a good initial estimate for the optimal localization; 2) fine localization based on the least-square principle so that the deviation between the measured surface and the design surface is minimized. To efficiently compute the closest points on the design surface of the measured points, a novel method is proposed. Since this approach does not involve an iterative process of solving non-linear equations for the closest points, it is more convenient and robust. The typical complex surface is used to test the developed algorithm. Analysis and comparison of experimental results demonstrate the validity and applicability of the algorithm.

关键词: deviation     comparison     non-linear     localization     inspection    

浅谈特大跨径桥梁工程专项质量检验评定标准编制中需要注意的几个问题

蒋波,冯兆祥

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第4期   页码 104-107

摘要:

以《泰州长江公路大桥工程专项质量检验评定标准》编制为背景,介绍了特大跨径桥梁工程专项检验评定标准编制中需要注意的几个问题,提出针对这些问题的理解和体会,为今后特大跨径桥梁工程专项检验评定标准编制提供借鉴。

关键词: 桥梁     泰州大桥     质量检验评定     标准     编制    

新型20 m桥梁检测车结构的有限元力学分析

沈意平,何福泉,王送来,张田

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第9期   页码 107-112

摘要:

针对设计的新型20 m桥梁检测车,利用Pro/E软件建立了4种工况下整车结构的实体模型,运用有限元软件ANSYS对建立的模型进行了静力和模态分析。开展对设计结构进行强度校核,找出了设计结构的危险部位,并综合分析结果提出了设计结构的加强建议。有限元力学分析为校核结构强度提供了重要的理论方法,分析结果为桥梁检测车的结构设计与实际生产提供了理论依据与技术支持。

关键词: 桥梁检测车     有限元     静力     模态     强度    

High-efficiency inspecting method for mobile robots based on task planning for heat transfer tubes in a steam generator

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0741-z

摘要: Many heat transfer tubes are distributed on the tube plates of a steam generator that requires periodic inspection by robots. Existing inspection robots are usually involved in issues: Robots with manipulators need complicated installation due to their fixed base; tube mobile robots suffer from low running efficiency because of their structural restricts. Since there are thousands of tubes to be checked, task planning is essential to guarantee the precise, orderly, and efficient inspection process. Most in-service robots check the task tubes using row-by-row and column-by-column planning. This leads to unnecessary inspections, resulting in a long shutdown and affecting the regular operation of a nuclear power plant. Therefore, this paper introduces the structure and control system of a dexterous robot and proposes a task planning method. This method proceeds into three steps: task allocation, base position search, and sequence planning. To allocate the task regions, this method calculates the tool work matrix and proposes a criterion to evaluate a sub-region. And then all tasks contained in the sub-region are considered globally to search the base positions. Lastly, we apply an improved ant colony algorithm for base sequence planning and determine the inspection orders according to the planned path. We validated the optimized algorithm by conducting task planning experiments using our robot on a tube sheet. The results show that the proposed method can accomplish full task coverage with few repetitive or redundant inspections and it increases the efficiency by 33.31% compared to the traditional planning algorithms.

关键词: steam generator transfer tubes     mobile robot     dexterous structure     task planning     efficient inspection    

基于计算机视觉的民用基础设施的检查与监测研究进展 Review

Billie F. Spencer Jr.,Vedhus Hoskere,Yasutaka Narazaki

《工程(英文)》 2019年 第5卷 第2期   页码 199-222 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.030

摘要:

计算机视觉技术与远程摄像机和无人机(UAVs)的采集相结合,为民用基础设施状况评估提供了前景良好的非接触式解决方案。这种系统的最终目标是自动且稳健地将图像或视频数据转换为可操作的信息。本文概述了将计算机视觉技术应用于民用基础设施状态评估的最新进展。特别介绍了计算机视觉、机器学习和结构工程领域的相关研究。评估工作分为两类:检查应用和监测应用。检查应用包括识别环境,如结构构件,表征局部和全部的可见损坏,以及检测参考图像的变化。监测应用包括应变和位移的静态测量,以及模态分析的位移动态测量。最后,文章指出了为实现基于自动化视觉的民用基础设施和监测目标而持续存在的一些关键挑战,以及为解决这些挑战而正在进行的工作。

关键词: 结构检查和监测     人工智能     计算机视觉     机器学习     光流    

地下水碳酸平衡检查系统

刘建刚,郑克勋,傅伟宁,吴顺华

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第9期   页码 61-64

摘要:

文章主要研究地下水在不同温度和CO2分压条件下碳酸三种存在形式与pH值的关系,以便更有效地对地下水水质资料进行可靠性检查。分析认为HCO3-出现峰值的分界pH0值,纯水在CO2分压1~105Pa,温度0~30℃时的变化范围为7.92~8.60,碳酸盐岩地下水的变化范围为8.28~8.57。pH0值随温度的升高而降低。石灰岩和白云岩的pH0十分接近,碳酸盐岩地区的平衡特性将取决于方解石成分。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩     地下水     碳酸平衡     pH值    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

视觉检测技术及应用

叶声华,邾继贵,王仲,杨学友

期刊论文

中医舌诊客观化研究

翁维良,黄世敬

期刊论文

QMS: Its Application and Innovation at a Small Inspection and Appraisal Company

Ai-lian Lin,Yong-ning Niu,Ping-jing Yu

期刊论文

基于爆破源的大坝隐患探测新技术

周厚贵,谭恺炎

期刊论文

Time reversal method for guided wave inspection in pipes

DENG Fei, WU Bin, HE Cunfu

期刊论文

桥梁电子化人工巡检养护管理系统

沈 旺,张强

期刊论文

Ingestible wireless capsules for enhanced diagnostic inspection of gastrointestinal tract

Mahdi RASOULI, Andy Prima KENCANA, Van An HUYNH, Eng Kiat TING, Joshua Chong Yue LAI, Kai Juan WONG, Su Lim TAN, Soo Jay PHEE

期刊论文

Bridging the gap: Neuro-Symbolic Computing for advanced AI applications in construction

期刊论文

Automated classification of civil structure defects based on convolutional neural network

Pierclaudio SAVINO, Francesco TONDOLO

期刊论文

Optimal localization of complex surfaces in CAD-based inspection

XU Jinting, LIU Weijun, SUN Yuwen

期刊论文

浅谈特大跨径桥梁工程专项质量检验评定标准编制中需要注意的几个问题

蒋波,冯兆祥

期刊论文

新型20 m桥梁检测车结构的有限元力学分析

沈意平,何福泉,王送来,张田

期刊论文

High-efficiency inspecting method for mobile robots based on task planning for heat transfer tubes in a steam generator

期刊论文

基于计算机视觉的民用基础设施的检查与监测研究进展

Billie F. Spencer Jr.,Vedhus Hoskere,Yasutaka Narazaki

期刊论文

地下水碳酸平衡检查系统

刘建刚,郑克勋,傅伟宁,吴顺华

期刊论文