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Decomposition of aqueous chlorinated contaminants by UV irradiation with H

Eunsung KAN,Chang-Il KOH,Kyunghyuk LEE,Joonwun KANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 429-435 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0677-6

摘要: In the present study, the decomposition rates of carbon tetrachloride (CCl ) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in water by the ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation alone and H O /UV were experimentally investigated. The detailed experimental studies have been conducted for examining treatment capacities of the two different ultraviolet light sources (low and medium pressure Hg arc) in H O /UV processes. The low or medium UV lamp alone resulted in a 60%–90% decomposition of 2,4-DCP while a slight addition of H O resulted in a drastic enhancement of the 2,4-DCP decomposition rate. The decomposition rate of 2,4-DCP with the medium pressure UV lamp alone was about 3–6 times greater than the low pressure UV lamp alone. In the direct photolysis of aqueous CCl , the medium pressure UV lamp had advantage over the low pressure UV lamp because the molar extinction coefficient of CCl at shorter wavelength (210–220 nm) is about 20 to 50 times higher than that at 254 nm. However, adding H O to the medium pressure UV lamp system rendered a negative oxidation rate because H O acted as a UV absorber being competitive with CCl due to negligible reaction between CCl and OH radicals. The results from the present study indicated significant influence of the photochemical properties of the target contaminants on the photochemical treatment characteristics for designing cost-effective UV-based degradation of toxic contaminants.

关键词: H2O2/ultraviolet (UV) light     advanced oxidation     UV light irradiation     chlorinated contaminants     photochemical treatment characteristics    

Effect of ultraviolet irradiation and chlorination on ampicillin-resistant

Yuchen PANG,Jingjing HUANG,Jinying XI,Hongying HU,Yun ZHU

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 522-530 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0779-9

摘要: Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health risk that may spread via potable and reclaimed water. Effective disinfection is important for inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and disruption of antibiotic resistance genes. Ampicillin is a widely prescribed antibiotic but its effectiveness is increasingly undermined by resistance. In this study, changes in ampicillin resistance for ( ) CGMCC 1.1595 were analyzed after exposure to different doses of ultraviolet (UV) or chlorine, and damage incurred by the plasmid encoding ampicillin resistance gene was assessed. We reported a greater stability in ampicillin-resistant CGMCC 1.1595 after UV irradiation or chlorination when compared with previously published data for other strains. UV irradiation and chlorination led to a shift in the mortality frequency distributions of ampicillin-resistant when subsequently exposed to ampicillin. The ampicillin hemi-inhibitory concentration (IC ) without disinfection was 3800 mg·L , and an increment was observed after UV irradiation or chlorination. The IC of ampicillin-resistant was 1.5-fold higher at a UV dose of 40 mJ·cm , and was 1.4-fold higher when exposed to 2.0 mg·L chlorine. These results indicate that UV irradiation and chlorination can potentially increase the risk of selection for strains with high ampicillin resistance. There was no evident damage to after 1–10 mg Cl ·L chlorination, while a UV dose of 80 mJ·cm yielded a damage ratio for of approximately 1.2-log. Therefore, high UV doses are required for effective disruption of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria.

关键词: antibiotic resistance     Escherichia coli     ampicillin resistance gene     ultraviolet irradiation     chlorination    

Use of gamma-irradiation pretreatment for enhancement of anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge

YUAN Shoujun, ZHENG Zheng, YU Xin, ZHAO Yongfu, MU Yanyan

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 247-250 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0041-9

摘要: The effects of ?-irradiation pretreatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge was investigated in this paper. Parameters like solid components, soluble components, and biogas production of anaerobic digestion experiment for sewage sludge were measured. The values of these parameters were compared before and after ?-irradiation pretreatment. Total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), suspended solid (SS), volatile suspended solid (VSS), and average floc size of samples decreased after ?-irradiation treatment. Besides, floc size distribution of sewage sludge shifted from 80–100 ?m to 0–40 ?m after ?-irradiation treatment at the doses from 0 to 30 kGy, which indicated the disintegration of sewage sludge. Moreover, microbe cells of sewage sludge were ruptured by ?-irradiation treatment, which resulted in the release of cytoplasm and increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). Both sludge disintegration and microbe cells rupture enhanced the subsequent anaerobic digestion process, which was demonstrated by the increase of accumulated biogas production. Compared with digesters fed with none irradiated sludge, the accumulated biogas production increased 44, 98, and 178 mL for digesters fed sludge irradiated at 2.48, 6.51, and 11.24 kGy, respectively. The results indicated that ?-irradiation pretreatment could effectively enhance anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge, and correspondingly, could accelerate hydrolysis process, shorten sludge retention time of sludge anaerobic digestion process.

关键词: anaerobic digestibility     soluble chemical     cytoplasm     digestion process     soluble    

Effects of irradiation on chromium’s behavior in ferritic/martensitic FeCr alloy

Xinfu HE, Wen YANG, Zhehao QU, Sheng FAN

《能源前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 181-183 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0025-x

摘要: The effects of irradiation on chromium performance under different temperatures in Fe-20at%Cr were modeled by modified Marlowe code. Chromium precipitation was observed in FeCr alloy after irradiation; interstitial Chromium atoms are the preferred formation of mixed Fe-Cr dumbbells in the direction of<110>and<111>; interstitial chromium atoms congregated on {111} and {110} plane. The results are compared with experiment observations and are useful to understanding the irradiation performances of FeCr alloy.

关键词: irradiation     Fe-20at%Cr alloy     chromium segregation    

Removal of virus aerosols by the combination of filtration and UV-C irradiation

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1627-y

摘要:

● The removal of virus aerosols by filtration and UV-C irradiation was proposed.

关键词: Filtration system     UV-C irradiation     Virus aerosol     Public health     COVID-19    

chemicals from water through urethane functionalization of microfiltration membranes via electron beam irradiation

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第18卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1805-6

摘要:

● Urethane functionalities created on PES membranes via electron beam irradiation.

关键词: Surface functionalization     Electron beam irradiation     Microfiltration     Endocrine disrupting chemicals    

Photolysis and photooxidation of typical gaseous VOCs by UV Irradiation: Removal performance and mechanisms

In-Sun Kang, Jinying Xi, Hong-Ying Hu

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1032-0

摘要: Photodegradation by ultraviolet irradiation (UV) is increasingly applied in volatile organic compound (VOC) and odor gas treatments. In this study, 27 typical VOCs, including 11 hydrocarbons and 16 hydrocarbon derivatives, at 150–200 ppm in air and nitrogen gas were treated by a laboratory-scale UV reactor with 185/254 nm irradiation to systematically investigate their removal and conversion by UV irradiation. For the tested 27 VOCs, the VOC removal efficiencies in air were within the range of 13%–97% (with an average of 80%) at a retention time of 53 s, which showed a moderate positive correlation with the molecular weight of the VOCs ( = 0.53). The respective contributions of photolysis and photooxidation to VOC removal were identified for each VOC. According to the CO results, the mineralization rate of the tested VOCs was within the range of 9%–90%, with an average of 41% and were negatively correlated to the molecular weight ( = 0.63). Many of the tested VOCs exhibited high concentration particulate matters in the off-gases with a 3–283 mg/m PM range and a 2–40 mg/m PM range. The carbon balance of each VOC during UV irradiation was analyzed based on the VOC, CO and PM concentrations. Certain organic intermediates and 23–218 ppm ozone were also identified in the off-gases. Although the UV technique exhibited a high VOC removal efficiency, its drawbacks, specifically low mineralization, particulate matters production, and ozone emission, must be considered prior to its application in VOC gas treatments.

关键词: VOCs     UV photodegradation     Particulate matters     Ozone    

through the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using a combined internal electrolysis and ultrasonic irradiation

Liang SUN, Can WANG, Min JI, Fen WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 481-487 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0341-3

摘要: Actual pharmaceutical wastewater was treated using a combined ultrasonic irradiation (US) and iron/coke internal electrolysis (Fe/C) technology. A significant synergetic effect was observed, showing that ultrasonic irradiation dramatically enhanced the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies by internal electrolysis. The effects of primary operating factors on COD removal were evaluated systematically. Higher ultrasonic frequency and lower pH values as well as longer reaction time were favorable to COD removal. The ratio of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and COD (B/C) of the wastewater increased from 0.21 to 0.32 after US-Fe/C treatment. An acute biotoxicity assay measuring the inhibition of bioluminescence indicated that the wastewater with overall toxicity of 4.3 mg-Zn ·L was reduced to 0.5 mg-Zn ·L after treatment. Both the raw and the treated wastewater samples were separated and identified. The types of compounds suggested that the increased biodegradability and reduced biotoxicity resulted mainly from the destruction of N,N-2 dimethyl formamide and aromatic compounds in the pharmaceutical wastewater.

关键词: internal electrolysis     ultrasonic     pharmaceutical wastewater     biodegradability     acute biotoxicity    

Efficient photodegradation of phenol assisted by persulfate under visible light irradiation via a nitrogen-doped

Yan Cui, Zequan Zeng, Jianfeng Zheng, Zhanggen Huang, Jieyang Yang

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1125-1133 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2012-z

摘要: To realize the utilization of visible light and improve the photocatalytic efficiency of organic pollutant degradation in wastewater, a nitrogen-doped titanium-carbon composite (N-TiO /AC) prepared by sol-gel methods was applied in the photodegradation of phenol assisted by persulfate under visible light irradiation (named N-TiO /AC/PS/VIS). The results show that a synergistic effect exists between visible-light photocatalysis and persulfate activation. Compared with TiO /PS/VIS, the phenol degradation rate was found to be observably improved by 65% in the N-TiO /AC/PS/VIS system. This significant increase in degradation rate was mainly attributed to the following two factors: 1) The N and C doping can change the crystal structure of TiO , which extends the TiO absorption wavelength range to the visible light region. 2) As an electron acceptor, PS can not only prevent electrons and holes from recombining with each other but can also generate strong oxidizing radicals such as ∙SO and ∙OH to accelerate the reaction dynamics. The process of phenol degradation was found to be consistent with the Langmuir pseudo-first-order kinetic model with an apparent rate constant of 1.73 min . The N-TiO /AC/PS/VIS process was proven to be a facile method for pollutant degradation with high pH adaptability, excellent visible-light utilization and good application prospects.

关键词: N-TiO2/AC     visible light     photocatalysis     persulfate activation     phenol    

Kinetics of microwave-enhanced oxidation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide

Deming ZHAO, Jie CHENG, Michael R. HOFFMANN

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 57-64 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0251-9

摘要: Aqueous solutions of phenol were oxidized by hydrogen peroxide assisted by microwave (MW) irradiation. A simple kinetic model for the overall degradation of phenol in the presence of excess H O is proposed in which the degradation rate of phenol is expressed as a linear function of the concentrations of phenol and H O . A detailed parametric study showed that the degradation rate of phenol increased with increasing [H O ] until saturation was observed. Phenol degradation followed apparent zero-order kinetics under MW radiation or H O oxidation. However, after 90 min of irradiation, the observed kinetics shifted to pseudo first order. The overall reaction rates were significantly enhanced in the combined MW/H O system, mainly because microwave could accelerate H O to generate hydroxyl radical ( OH) and other reactive oxygen intermediates. The observed synergetic effects of the MW/H O process resulted in an increased in the net reaction rate by a factor of 5.75. When hydrogen peroxide is present in a large stoichiometric excess, the time required to achieve complete mineralization is reduced significantly.

关键词: microwave (MW) irradiation     hydrogen peroxide     phenol     synergetic effects     kinetic model    

Enhanced formation of trihalomethane disinfection byproducts from halobenzoquinones under combined UV/chlorine conditions

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1510-7

摘要:

• 2,6-DCBQ and TCBQ generated THMs differently in chlorine and UV/chlorine processes.

关键词: Halobenzoquinone     Trihalomethane     Chlorine disinfection     UV irradiation     Disinfection byproducts     Combined UV/chlorine    

Effect of natural aquatic humic substances on the photodegradation of bisphenol A

ZHAN Manjun, YANG Xi, KONG Lingren, YANG Hongshen

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 311-315 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0052-y

摘要: The photochemical degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was studied in the presence of natural humic sub stances from different origins under simulated solar irradiation. BPA underwent insignificant direct photolysis in neutral water, but rapid photosensitized degradation in four humic substances solutions via pseudo-first-order reaction occurred. The photodegradation rate of BPA was insensitive to the different initial BPA concentrations and was inhibited in aerated solution compared with the deoxygenated medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ?·OH and O produced from excitation of humic substances under irradiation was determined from the quenching kinetic experiment using molecular probe. The five main intermediate photoproducts of BPA in Nordic lake fulvic acid (NOFA) were tentatively identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Based on the identification of ROS and the analysis of photoproduct formation, the possible phototransformation pathways of BPA were proposed, involving the direct photolysis due to the energy transfer from the triplet state humic substance (HS) to BPA molecules and hydroxyl radical addition and oxidation as well.

关键词: irradiation     photoproduct     deoxygenated     possible phototransformation     bisphenol    

In situ DRIFTS study of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction under UV irradiation

Jeffrey C. S. WU, Chao-Wei HUANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 120-126 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0232-3

摘要: Photocatalytic reduction of CO on TiO and Cu/TiO photocatalysts was studied by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) under UV irradiation. The photocatalysts were prepared by sol-gel method via controlled hydrolysis of titanium (IV) butoxide. Copper precursor was loaded onto TiO during sol-gel procedure. A large amount of adsorbed HO and surface OH groups was detected at 25°C on the TiO photocatalyst after being treated at 500°C under air stream. Carbonate and bicarbonate were formed rapidly due to the reaction of CO with oxygen-vacancy and OH groups, respectively, on TiO surface upon CO adsorption. The IR spectra indicated that, under UV irradiation, gas-phase CO further combined with oxygen-vacancy and OH groups to produce more carbonate or bicarbonate. The weak signals of reaction intermediates were found on the IR spectra, which were due to the slow photocatalytic CO reduction on photocatalysts. Photogenerated electrons merge with H ions to form H atoms, which progressively reduce CO to form formic acid, dioxymethylene, formaldehyde and methoxy as observed in the IR spectra. The well-dispersed Cu, acting as the active site significantly increases the amount of formaldehyde and dioxymethylene, thus promotes the photoactivity of CO reduction on Cu/TiO. A possible mechanism of the photocatalytic CO reduction is proposed based on these intermediates and products on the photocatalysts.

关键词: irradiation     oxygen-vacancy     Photocatalytic reduction     Carbonate     butoxide    

Anticorrosive composite self-healing coating enabled by solar irradiation

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 1355-1366 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2147-1

摘要: Self-healing coatings for long-term corrosion protection have received much interest in recent years. However, most self-healing coatings rely on healants released from microcapsules, dynamic bonds, shape memory, or thermoplastic materials, which generally suffer from limited healing times or harsh conditions for self-healing, such as high temperature and UV radiation. Herein, we present a composite coating with a self-healing function under easily accessible sunlight by adding Fe3O4 nanoparticles and tetradecanol into epoxy resin. Tetradecanol, with its moderate melting point, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles serve as a phase-change component and photothermal material in an epoxy coating system, respectively. Fe3O4 nanoparticles endow this composite self-healing coating with good photothermal properties and a rapid thermal response time under simulated solar irradiation as well as outdoor real sunlight. Tetradecanol can flow to and fill defects by phase transition at low temperatures. Therefore, artificial defects created in this type of self-healing coating can be healed by the liquified tetradecanol induced by the photothermal effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles under simulated solar irradiation. The healed coating can still serve as a good barrier for the protection of the underlying carbon steel. These excellent properties make this self-healing coating an excellent candidate for various engineering applications.

关键词: self-healing coating     phase transition     photothermal effect     corrosion protection    

微波辐射下离子液体[RMIm]PF6(R=P, B, C6)的合成及其电导率研究

何永福

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第9期   页码 92-95

摘要:

在微波辐射下,1-甲基咪唑分别与有机卤盐(1-溴丙烷、1-溴丁烷、1-溴己烷)在80 ℃回流加热10 min,可制得咪唑类离子液体的中间体溴代1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([BMIm]Br)、溴代1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑([PMIm]Br)、溴代1-己基-3-甲基咪唑([C6MIm]Br),进一步与HPF6在室温搅拌反应4 h,制得憎水性的咪唑类离子液体[BMIm]PF6,[PMIm]PF6和[C6MIm]PF6。对这3种离子液体及其在不同有机溶剂如丙酮、甲醇、乙酸乙酯中的电导率进行测定,发现离子液体的电导率受咪

关键词: 离子液体     微波辐射     电导率     [BMIm]PF6     [PMIm]PF6     [C6MIm]PF6    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Decomposition of aqueous chlorinated contaminants by UV irradiation with H

Eunsung KAN,Chang-Il KOH,Kyunghyuk LEE,Joonwun KANG

期刊论文

Effect of ultraviolet irradiation and chlorination on ampicillin-resistant

Yuchen PANG,Jingjing HUANG,Jinying XI,Hongying HU,Yun ZHU

期刊论文

Use of gamma-irradiation pretreatment for enhancement of anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge

YUAN Shoujun, ZHENG Zheng, YU Xin, ZHAO Yongfu, MU Yanyan

期刊论文

Effects of irradiation on chromium’s behavior in ferritic/martensitic FeCr alloy

Xinfu HE, Wen YANG, Zhehao QU, Sheng FAN

期刊论文

Removal of virus aerosols by the combination of filtration and UV-C irradiation

期刊论文

chemicals from water through urethane functionalization of microfiltration membranes via electron beam irradiation

期刊论文

Photolysis and photooxidation of typical gaseous VOCs by UV Irradiation: Removal performance and mechanisms

In-Sun Kang, Jinying Xi, Hong-Ying Hu

期刊论文

through the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using a combined internal electrolysis and ultrasonic irradiation

Liang SUN, Can WANG, Min JI, Fen WANG

期刊论文

Efficient photodegradation of phenol assisted by persulfate under visible light irradiation via a nitrogen-doped

Yan Cui, Zequan Zeng, Jianfeng Zheng, Zhanggen Huang, Jieyang Yang

期刊论文

Kinetics of microwave-enhanced oxidation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide

Deming ZHAO, Jie CHENG, Michael R. HOFFMANN

期刊论文

Enhanced formation of trihalomethane disinfection byproducts from halobenzoquinones under combined UV/chlorine conditions

期刊论文

Effect of natural aquatic humic substances on the photodegradation of bisphenol A

ZHAN Manjun, YANG Xi, KONG Lingren, YANG Hongshen

期刊论文

In situ DRIFTS study of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction under UV irradiation

Jeffrey C. S. WU, Chao-Wei HUANG,

期刊论文

Anticorrosive composite self-healing coating enabled by solar irradiation

期刊论文

微波辐射下离子液体[RMIm]PF6(R=P, B, C6)的合成及其电导率研究

何永福

期刊论文