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Why does environmental compliance cost more than penalty? —A legal analysis on environmental acts of enterprises in China

DONG Hongwei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 434-442 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0069-2

摘要： In the environmental protection field of China, due to lower law-breaking cost but higher law-abiding cost , it is a common case that the enterprise chooses to break through the law on purpose. The punishment to the unlawful pr

关键词： law-abiding punishment environmental protection law-breaking enterprise

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分形方法导出改进的牛顿第二定律及万有引力定律

付昱华

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第6期页码 55-58

摘要：

牛顿第二定律及万有引力定律是根据实验结果总结出来的。为了探讨从理论上导出这两个定律的可能性，根据能量守恒定律，给出用变维分形方法针对一个实例（小球沿长斜面滚下）导出改进的牛顿第二定律及万有引力定律的方法。具体给出了适用于实例的常维分形结果：改进的万有引力定律F=-GMm / r^1.99989和改进的牛顿第二定律F=ma^1.01458。

关键词：分形方法牛顿第二定律万有引力定律理论推导

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Improving existing “reaching law” for better discrete control of seismically-excited building structures

Zhijun LI, Zichen DENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 111-116 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0022-5

摘要： In this paper, a novel “composite reaching law” was explained in details: 1) the equation of discrete motion for a control system; 2) the design of discrete-time variable structure control. In addition, the model of a three-storey shear-type building structure was used to verify the effectiveness of the discrete variable structure control method. The results of numerical example analysis of the model show that the control law can effectively reduce the peak value of seismic response of the building structure and the chattering effect of the control system.

关键词： discrete-time variable structure control composite reaching law chattering effect saturated control law

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How did Archimedes discover the law of buoyancy by experiment?

Hidetaka KUROKI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 26-32 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0368-z

摘要：

After Archimedes and Vitruvius era, for more than 2000 years, it has been believed that the displaced water measurement of golden crown is impossible, and at his Eureka moment, Archimedes discovered the law of buoyancy (Proposition 7 of his principles) and proved the theft of a goldsmith by weighing the golden crown in water.

A previous study showed that a small amount of displaced water was able to be measured with enough accuracy by the introduced method. Archimedes measured the weight of displaced water. He did not find the law of buoyancy but rather specific gravity of things at the moment.

After which, Archimedes continued to measure the specific gravity of various solids and fluids. Through these measurements, he reached the discovery of the law of buoyancy directly by experiment. In this paper, the process to the discovery of Archimedes’ principle (Proposition 5) is presented.

关键词： Archimedes’ principle buoyancy specific gravity Eureka Vitruvius displaced water balance floating body

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China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection Adopted Draft Amendment to the Law on Prevention and Control

Fu Sun,Yi Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0890-6

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贯彻《节能法》推动节能工作

傅志寰

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第12期页码 13-16

摘要：

近年来我国能源消费增长快、利用效率低的问题比较突出，原有《节能法》已经不能适应当前节能工作的要求。为了推动全社会的节约能源工作，全国人大今年修订了这部法律。文章介绍了修订后的《节能法》基本思路、主要内容和实施后的初步效果。

关键词：法律能源节约

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First law-based thermodynamic analysis on Kalina cycle

ZHANG Ying, HE Maogang, JIA Zhen, LIU Xun

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 145-151 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0021-6

摘要： Based on the first law of thermodynamics, and adopting the Peng-Robinson equation (P-R equation) as the basic equation for the properties of ammonia-water mixtures, a thermodynamic analysis on a single-stage distillation Kalina cycle is presented. A program to calculate the thermodynamic properties of ammonia-water mixtures, and that for calculating the performance of Kalina cycles, were developed, with which the heat-work conversion particulars of Kalina cycles were theoretically calculated. The influences on the cycle performance of key parameters, such as the pressure and temperature at the inlet of the turbine, the back pressure of the turbine, the concentration of the working solution, the concentration of the basic solution and the cycle multiplication ratio, were analyzed.

关键词： ammonia-water P-R single-stage distillation Peng-Robinson pressure

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Erratum to: Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls: Achieving the right balance

Law, Chunyan Tang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 290-290 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1639-x

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Performance analysis of combined cycle power plant

Nikhil DEV,Rajesh ATTRI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 371-386 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0371-9

摘要： Combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) are in operation with diverse thermodynamic cycle configurations. Assortment of thermodynamic cycle for scrupulous locality is dependent on the type of fuel available and different utilities obtained from the plant. In the present paper, seven of the practically applicable configurations of CCPP are taken into consideration. Exergetic and energetic analysis of each component of the seven configurations is conducted with the help of computer programming tool, i.e., engineering equation solver (EES) at different pressure ratios. For Case 7, the effects of pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature and ambient relative humidity on the first and second law is studied. The thermodynamics analysis indicates that the exergy destruction in various components of the combined cycle is significantly affected by the overall pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature and pressure loss in air filter and less affected by the ambient relative humidity.

关键词： first-law second-law exergy destruction components

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深刻认识汽车产业发展规律

付于武 ,陈秀敏

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 98-102 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.019

摘要：

汽车产业经过130 多年的沉淀，积累了不少全球业内普遍接受和认可的规律。当前，我国汽车产业正处于转型升级的战略机遇期，迫切需要提高对产业的认识，加强对产业发展规律的研究，避免浮躁、违背规律现象的出现。本文从技术、市场、人才等多个角度，尝试归纳了汽车产业发展中转型与升级相辅相成的关系、资金技术劳动密集的产业特性、创新与协同的必然要求等九大规律，以指导和推动我国汽车产业健康、可持续发展。

关键词：汽车产业发展规律可持续发展

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Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls: Achieving the right balance

Law,Chunyan Tang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 472-479 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1592-0

摘要： Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls both function together to reduce the pollutant concentrations in the effluent and mitigate the potential impact on the environment. The former uses environmental treatment technology with energy and material cost considerations, while the latter utilizes the natural assimilation potential of the coastal water environment achievable at the outfall location. Because of their synergistic nature, marine outfalls are now commonly used for the disposal of partially treated domestic and industrial effluents in many coastal cities around the world, with many successful examples of low and acceptable risks to the environment. The objective of this paper is to review their balance from both environmental and economic considerations. We also discuss the end-of-the-pipe and mixing zone approaches for industrial effluents, and give some recommendations particularly for developing countries. Finally, we emphasize that a compulsory and vigorous monitoring program is essential regardless of how the balance is achieved.

关键词： industrial effluent treatment industrial marine outfalls economic and environmental considerations

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岩石冲击损伤演化规律数值流形方法模拟

刘红岩,吕淑然,秦四清

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第3期页码 92-96

摘要：

采用应力波衰减损伤模型对仅适用于模拟基于线性本构关系和恒定载荷作用下物体变形规律的数值流形程序进行了扩展；利用扩展后的程序对岩石长杆在冲击载荷作用下的损伤演化规律进行了模拟，得出了不同位置点处的损伤演化曲线和材料总体的损伤演化曲线。模拟结果表明，损伤的增加主要集中在冲击载荷作用的初始阶段，随着时间的推移，应力波强度衰减，损伤将不再明显增加。

关键词：岩石数值流形方法冲击损伤演化规律

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摩尔定律发展亟需450 mm 硅片但时间可能会推迟

屠海令

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第2期页码 162-163 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015060

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富水全、强风化砂岩强度特性试验及本构关系探讨

邹翀,雷胜友,岳喜军,宋妍,高攀

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第1期页码 74-80

摘要：

针对富水全、强风化砂岩的特点，进行了该砂岩的基本物理力学性质、化学成分实验，然后通过单轴、三轴压缩实验研究了爆破扰动、含水量、试样层理对砂岩应力-应变强度特性的影响。发现砂岩遇水软化，粘聚力大幅度降低，表现出显著的各向异性；爆破扰动后，岩石试样的单轴抗压强度减低，弹模减小，泊松比增大；由于砂岩具有明显的节理性，按两种方向加载所得到的岩石试样强度明显不同；根据实验所得应力-应变曲线特点，发现用修正的Duncan-Zhang模型可以很好地描述砂岩的前应力-应变曲线。

关键词：砂岩含水量强度爆破扰动节理本构关系

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“Partial pressures” of humid air in wide pressure and temperature ranges

Zidong WANG, Hanping CHEN, Shilie WENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 511-517 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0281-7

摘要： “Partial pressure” in humid air is a question very much concerned by scientists and no satisfactory answer has been found to date. This paper proposes a novel method to obtain the “partial pressures” of the water vapor and dry air in humid air. The results obtained by the proposed method are quite different from that obtained by Dalton’s partial pressure law. The fundamental behaviors of water vapor and dry air are studied in depth in wide pressure and temperature ranges. Semi-permeable membrane models are proposed and applied for both saturated and unsaturated humid air. “Improvement factors” are developed to quantitatively describe the magnitude of the interaction between dissimilar molecules. One discovery is that the “partial pressure” of the water vapor in saturated humid air equals , rather than ( · ) which was formerly believed. The other is that the interaction between dissimilar molecules may be omitted when temperature is above “cutting-off temperature” for unsaturated humid air. This paper satisfactorily answers the quest of “partial pressures” in humid air from a new perspective.

关键词： partial pressure Dalton’s partial pressure law humid air saturated unsaturated