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Phytate and phosphorus utilization by broiler chickens and laying hens fed maize-based diets

Qiugang MA, Markus RODEHUTSCORD, Moritz NOVOTNY, Lan LI, Luqing YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 380-387 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019276

摘要：

Maize grain is primarily used as an energy source for poultry and other animals. Maize has relatively high phytate-P content and very low intrinsic phytase activity. Given that feed phosphates are produced from finite rock phosphate resources, a reduction in the use of feed phosphates in maize-based diets by increasing the utilization of plant P sources by animals is necessary to make poultry meat and egg production more sustainable. The utilization of P by poultry is affected by two intrinsic characteristics of maize: the concentration of inositol phosphates and the activity of the intrinsic phytase of the grain in the digestive tract. The objective of this review is to present data on the variation that exists in composition of maize relevant for P use and to address factors that influence P utilization in maize-based diets of poultry. Broiler chickens and laying hens have the potential to degrade phytate in the gastrointestinal tract, but this is depressed by high dietary Ca and P concentrations. Published values of phytate degradation in broilers are overall higher than those in laying hens. Differences also exist between broiler chickens and growing turkeys and Pekin ducks. The exogenous supplementation of microbial phytases and the introduction of transgenic high phytase maize in poultry diets are efficient not only for the improvement of phytate-P digestibility, production performance, egg quality and bone mineralization, but also for the reduction of P excreta to control environmental impact.

关键词： broiler ducks high phytase maize laying hens low phytate maize phytase turkeys

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高速线材吐丝机吐丝管空间曲线研究和改进

刘宏民,姚双吉,杨利坡,庞志峰,李双来,刘武斌,闫胜友,褚建东

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第11期页码 80-85

摘要：

针对唐钢高线吐丝机存在的吐丝质量问题，采用三次样条拟合现场实测数据得到吐丝管曲线方程；根据吐丝管中线材的速度和受力模型，分析线材在吐丝管中的运动状态，研究吐丝管空间曲线对吐丝质量的影响，得到吐丝管空间曲率波动过大和出口速度变化过快是导致吐丝质量不好的主要原因；通过改善吐丝管空间曲线和规范煨管工艺制度，显著改善了甩尾、吐圈摆动等吐丝质量，吐丝管寿命提高了1倍。

关键词：高速吐丝机吐丝管空间曲线

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Impacts of different diameter combinations on the temperature of a crude oil pipeline when colocating with a products pipeline

Bo YU, Yue SHI, Xin LIU, Jinjun ZHANG, Jinjia WEI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 192-197 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0074-1

摘要： In order to show the effects of different diameter combinations on crude oil temperature when a crude oil pipeline and a products pipeline are laid in one trench, four typical diameter combinations are selected to conduct numerical simulation. After a series of calculations, the minimum mean temperature difference and the maximum temperature difference of the crude oil along the pipelines are obtained. In real pipeline constructions, the effects of other diameter combinations on crude oil temperature can be predicted by the method of linear interpolation to calculate results of the four diameter combinations obtained in this study.

关键词： technology of laying two pipelines in one trench diameter combinations crude oil temperature pipeline interval

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客运专线无砟轨道铁路线下结构沉降变形观测与评估技术

李明领

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第1期页码 48-59

摘要：

为满足高速列车安全、舒适性的需要，保证线路的高平顺性，无碴轨道的铺设与运营对路基、桥涵、隧道等线下结构的工后沉降要求非常严格, 追求“零沉降”理念。以武广铁路客运专线为基础，系统地介绍了线下结构物沉降变形观测关键技术，数据管理与分析预测系统，提出了工后沉降的预测方法及评估条件与标准，合理确定无碴轨道开始铺设时间，以保证客运专线无碴轨道结构铺设的质量。并提出了一些体会和建议，为正在建设的无砟轨道客运专线提供借鉴。

关键词：客运专线无砟轨道沉降变形观测分析评估无碴轨道铺设条件