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Linear quadratic optimal controller for cable-driven parallel robots

Saeed ABDOLSHAH,Erfan SHOJAEI BARJUEI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第4期页码 344-351 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0364-8

摘要：

In recent years, various cable-driven parallel robots have been investigated for their advantages, such as low structural weight, high acceleration, and large workspace, over serial and conventional parallel systems. However, the use of cables lowers the stiffness of these robots, which in turn may decrease motion accuracy. A linear quadratic (LQ) optimal controller can provide all the states of a system for the feedback, such as position and velocity. Thus, the application of such an optimal controller in cable-driven parallel robots can result in more efficient and accurate motion compared to the performance of classical controllers such as the proportional-integral-derivative controller. This paper presents an approach to apply the LQ optimal controller on cable-driven parallel robots. To employ the optimal control theory, the static and dynamic modeling of a 3-DOF planar cable-driven parallel robot (Feriba-3) is developed. The synthesis of the LQ optimal control is described, and the significant experimental results are presented and discussed.

关键词： accuracy cable-driven parallel robot linear quadratic optimal control

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A linear quadratic regulator control of a stand-alone PEM fuel cell power plant

Amar BENAISSA, Boualaga RABHI, Ammar MOUSSI, Dahmani AISSA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 62-72 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0291-5

摘要： This paper introduces a technique based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to control the output voltage at the load point versus load variation from a stand-alone proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell power plant (FCPP) for a group housing use. The controller modifies the optimal gains by minimizing a cost function, and the phase angle of the AC output voltage to control the active and reactive power output from an FCPP to match the terminal load. The control actions are based on feedback signals from the terminal load, output voltage and fuel cell feedback current. The topology chosen for the simulation consists of a 45 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), boost type DC/DC converter, a three-phase DC/AC inverter followed by an LC filter. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy operated at low commutation frequency (2 kHz) offers good performances versus load variations with low total harmonic distortions (THD) , which is very useful for high power applications.

关键词： modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) controlling of PEMFC linear quadratic regulator (LQR) DC/DC converter DC/AC inverter

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New decentralized control technique based on substructure and LQG approaches

Ying LEI, Ying LIN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第4期页码 386-392 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0041-x

摘要： Decentralized control is more suitable for structural control of large-scale structures. In this paper, a new decentralized control technique is proposed based on the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and substructure approaches. A large-scale structure is divided into a set of smaller substructures. Each substructure is controlled by its own local controller with interaction forces at substructural interfaces, which are considered as “unknown external inputs” to the substructure concerned. An algorithm of recursive least squares estimation for the unknown excitation is proposed. A numerical example of the decentralized control of a tall building is studied to illustrate the new proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed decentralized control provides satisfactory control performance when comparing with the conventional centralized LQG control algorithm and is viable for the future structural control of large-scale structures.

关键词： substructures decentralized control linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) Kalman filter unknown input least-squares estimation

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Load shedding scheme for the two-area system with linear quadratic regulator

D. TYAGI, Ashwani KUMAR, Saurabh CHANANA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 90-102 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0224-8

摘要： The power system is prone to many emergency conditions which may lead to emergency state of operation with decay in the system frequency. The dramatic change in the frequency can result in cascaded failure of the system. In order to avoid power system collapse, load shedding (LS) schemes are adopted with the optimal amount of load shed. This paper proposed a methodology in a two-area thermal-thermal system for finding the required amount of load to be shed for setting the frequency of the system within minimum allowable limits. The LS steps have been obtained based on the rate of change of frequency with the increase in load in steps. A systematic study has been conducted for three scenarios: the scheme with a conventional integral controller; the scheme with a linear quadratic regulator (LQR); and the scheme with an LQR and superconducting magnetic energy storage devices (SMES). A comparison of the results has been presented on the two-area system.

关键词： critical load frequency response load shedding (LS) multi-area system rate of change of frequency linear quadratic regulator (LQR) superconducting magnetic energy storage devices (SMES)

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Neural network control for earthquake structural vibration reduction using MRD

Khaled ZIZOUNI, Leyla FALI, Younes SADEK, Ismail Khalil BOUSSERHANE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期页码 1171-1182 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0544-4

摘要： Structural safety of building particularly that are intended for exposure to strong earthquake loads are designed and equipped with high technologies of control to ensure as possible as its protection against this brutal load. One of these technologies used in the protection of structures is the semi-active control using a Magneto Rheological Damper device. But this device need an adequate controller with a robust algorithm of current or tension adjustment to operate which is further discussed in the following of this paper. In this study, a neural network controller is proposed to control the MR damper to eliminate vibrations of 3-story scaled structure exposed to Tōhoku 2011 and Boumerdès 2003 earthquakes. The proposed controller is derived from a linear quadratic controller designed to control an MR damper installed in the first floor of the structure. Equipped with a feedback law the proposed control is coupled to a clipped optimal algorithm to adapt the current tension required to the MR damper adjustment. To evaluate the performance control of the proposed design controller, two numerical simulations of the controlled structure and uncontrolled structure are illustrated and compared.

关键词： MR damper semi-active control earthquake vibration neural network linear quadratic control

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基于随机鲁棒性分析的吸气式高超声速飞行器线性二次调节器设计 Article

Lin CAO, Shuo TANG, Dong ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第7期页码 882-897 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601363

摘要：本文介绍了一种改进的基于随机鲁棒性分析的线性二次调节器（linear-quadratic regulator, LQR）设计方法，用于AHV的纵向飞行控制器设计。

关键词：吸气式高超声速飞行器；随机鲁棒性分析；二次线性调节器；粒子群优化；改进混合粒子群算法

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基于线性二次最优化的多智能体编队控制

Chang-bin Yu, Yin-qiu Wang, Jin-liang Shao,brad.yu@anu.edu.au,wh6508@gmail.com,jinliangshao@126.com

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第2期页码 96-109 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500490

摘要：目的：随着空间技术和计算机技术的发展，空间飞行器协作控制越来越受到重视。多智能体编队控制是研究这一类问题的基础。本文研究了三种情况下单积分器多智能体系统基于线性二次最优性能指标的编队控制问题，并设计相应的控制算法保证多智能体系统在完成编队的基础上使所定义的性能指标达到最优。创新点：针对三种不同的单积分器多智能体最优编队情况，分别提出相应的网络连接拓扑以及局部反馈矩阵；不同于其他论文不能给出网络拓扑以及局部最优反馈矩阵的具体解析解，本文给出相应的解析解，并且证明解析解与实际物理系统完全相符。方法：应用代数图论以及矩阵理论的相关知识，针对无物理耦合的多智能体系统，通过求解代数里卡蒂方程，设计智能体之间的网络连接拓扑以及局部反馈矩阵，保证多智能体系统在完成编队的同时相应的LQR指标最优。针对有物理耦合的多智能体系统，同样通过求解代数里卡蒂方程，得到相应的网络连接拓扑以及局部反馈矩阵，保证多智能体系统在完成编队的基础上使相应的LQR指标最优；针对有物理耦合但无法设计网络拓扑的多智能体系统，将最优指标写成局部反馈增益的函数，通过求最优指标的导数，得到最优局部反馈增益。结论：对于无物理耦合单积分器多智能体的编队问题与有物理耦合单积分器多智能体的编队问题，分别设计网络连接拓扑以及局部反馈矩阵，在多智能体系统完成编队的基础上保证相应的性能指标达到最优。对于有物理耦合但无法改变通讯网络拓扑的单积分器多智能体系统编队问题，设计最优局部反馈增益，在多智能体系统完成编队的同时保证性能指标最优。

关键词：线性二次最优；编队控制；代数里卡蒂方程；最优控制；多智能体系统

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Precision control system of two-DOF stage with linear ultrasonic motor

ZHANG Hanlei, SHI Yunlai, ZHAO Chunsheng

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第4期页码 421-425 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0063-9

摘要： Using an appropriate control method, linear ultrasonic motors can be used in applications requiring high position accuracy. In this paper, a closed loop PI control system is designed to achieve high position accuracy during the control of a two-DOF stage driven by linear ultrasonic motors. Two ultrasonic motors are mounted on the stage to generate motion in two orthogonal directions. The PI control algorithm is used to increase the stability and accuracy of position control. The -axis mover covers 30 mm forward and backward in less than 0.3 s settling time and the -axis mover in less than 0.4 s. Experimental results denote that the control strategy proposed in this paper appears to have high efficiency, quick response, and high accuracy.

关键词： settling position accuracy PI control control algorithm orthogonal

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A refined risk explicit interval linear programming approach for optimal watershed load reduction with

Pingjian YANG,Feifei DONG,Yong LIU,Rui ZOU,Xing CHEN,Huaicheng GUO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 129-140 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0683-8

摘要： To enhance the effectiveness of watershed load reduction decision making, the Risk Explicit Interval Linear Programming (REILP) approach was developed in previous studies to address decision risks and system returns. However, REILP lacks the capability to analyze the tradeoff between risks in the objective function and constraints. Therefore, a refined REILP model is proposed in this study to further enhance the decision support capability of the REILP approach for optimal watershed load reduction. By introducing a tradeoff factor ( ) into the total risk function, the refined REILP can lead to different compromises between risks associated with the objective functions and the constraints. The proposed model was illustrated using a case study that deals with uncertainty-based optimal load reduction decision making for Lake Qionghai Watershed, China. A risk tradeoff curve with different values of was presented to decision makers as a more flexible platform to support decision formulation. The results of the standard and refined REILP model were compared under 11 aspiration levels. The results demonstrate that, by applying the refined REILP, it is possible to obtain solutions that preserve the same constraint risk as that in the standard REILP but with lower objective risk, which can provide more effective guidance for decision makers.

关键词： refined risk explicit interval linear programming decision making objective-constraint uncertainty tradeoff aspiration level Lake Qionghai Watershed

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铰接车辆的主动转向控制策略研究 Article

Kyong-il KIM,Hsin GUAN,Bo WANG,Rui GUO,Fan LIANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第6期页码 576-586 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500211

摘要：为了提高铰接车辆的机动性及高速稳定性，基于线性二次型最优控制理论提出了一种用于拖车和挂车的主动转向控制策略。首先建立了3自由度的带挂车主动转向的拖挂车简化模型。运用基于模拟退火的粒子群优化算法对简化模型在特定速度和方向盘角度下的车辆关键参数进行辨识，简化模型的参数可通过当前车辆工况查表和插值获得。仿真结果表明简化模型的输出结果与TruckSim一致性较好，这样简化模型可准确为控制器提供理想的横摆角速度。设计了基于线性二次型最优控制的主动转向控制器。控制器时刻跟踪理想的横摆角速度并同时尽量降低拖车和挂车的质心侧偏角。最后，基于TruckSim-Simulink联合仿真分别进行了低速和高速试验。仿真试验结果表明主动转向控制策略能显著改善拖挂车低速的机动性和高速稳定性。控制策略不仅适用于弯度不大的转弯路况，还适用于急转弯路况。

关键词：铰接车辆；急转弯；侧向稳定性；线性二次型控制

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Trajectory planning of mobile robots using indirect solution of optimal control method in generalized

M. NAZEMIZADEH, H. N. RAHIMI, K. AMINI KHOIY

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第1期页码 23-28 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0304-9

摘要：

This paper presents an optimal control strategy for optimal trajectory planning of mobile robots by considering nonlinear dynamic model and nonholonomic constraints of the system. The nonholonomic constraints of the system are introduced by a nonintegrable set of differential equations which represent kinematic restriction on the motion. The Lagrange’s principle is employed to derive the nonlinear equations of the system. Then, the optimal path planning of the mobile robot is formulated as an optimal control problem. To set up the problem, the nonlinear equations of the system are assumed as constraints, and a minimum energy objective function is defined. To solve the problem, an indirect solution of the optimal control method is employed, and conditions of the optimality derived as a set of coupled nonlinear differential equations. The optimality equations are solved numerically, and various simulations are performed for a nonholonomic mobile robot to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： mobile robot trajectory planning nonlinear dynamic optimal control

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Fuel optimal control of parallel hybrid electric vehicles

PU Jinhuan, YIN Chenliang, ZHANG Jianwu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第3期页码 337-342 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0057-7

摘要： A mathematical model for fuel optimal control and its corresponding dynamic programming (DP) recursive equation were established for an existing parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Two augmented cost functions for gear shifting and engine stop-starting were designed to limit their frequency. To overcome the problem of numerical DP dimensionality, an algorithm to restrict the exploring region was proposed. The algorithm significantly reduced the computational complexity. The system model was converted into real-time simulation code by using MATLAB/RTW to improve computation efficiency. Comparison between the results of a chassis dynamometer test, simulation, and DP proves that the proposed method can compute the performance limitation of the HEV within an acceptable time period and can be used to evaluate and optimize the control strategy.

关键词： mathematical Comparison computational complexity dimensionality corresponding

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Parametric control of structural responses using an optimal passive tuned mass damper under stationary

Min-Ho CHEY, Jae-Ung KIM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 267-280 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0170-x

摘要： In this study, the structural control strategy utilizing a passive tuned mass damper (TMD) system as a seismic damping device is outlined, highlighting the parametric optimization approach for displacement and acceleration control. The theory of stationary random processes and complex frequency response functions are explained and adopted. For the vibration control of an undamped structure, the optimal parameters of a TMD, such as the optimal tuning frequency and optimal damping ratio, to stationary Gaussian white noise acceleration are investigated by using a parametric optimization procedure. For damped structures, a numerical searching technique is used to obtain the optimal parameters of the TMD, and then the explicit formulae for these optimal parameters are derived through a sequence of curve-fitting schemes. Using these specified optimal parameters, several different controlled responses are examined, and then the displacement and acceleration based control effectiveness indices of the TMD are examined from the view point of RMS values. From the viewpoint of the RMS values of displacement and acceleration, the optimal TMDs adopted in this study shows clear performance improvements for the simplified model examined, and this means that the effective optimization of the TMD has a good potential as a customized target response-based structural strategy.

关键词： tuned mass damper parametric optimization passive control white noise earthquake excitation

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Research on the control systems of a precision linear motor drive device

YAN Han, WANG Xian-kui, DUAN Guang-hong

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第3期页码 260-264 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0036-9

摘要： The model of a precision linear motor drive device (PLMDD) and its control requirements are analyzed. In order to enhance the tracking and anti-disturbance performance of the system, its third-order model is established, and disturbance-observer based input revising feedforward error compensation robust control algorithm, combined with integral-separated proportional integral derivative (PID) control algorithm is proposed. This includes feedback control algorithm and feedforward control algorithm. The feedback controller improves system tracking performance and suppresses load and mechanical disturbance while the feedforward controller compensates phase hysteresis introduced by feedback control. Theoretical analyses, simulations and experiments show that this control method increases the tracking precision of PLMDD from ±5 μm to ±2 μm and dramatically improves its anti-disturbance ability.

关键词： feedforward tracking ±5 anti-disturbance performance algorithm

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Optimal localization of complex surfaces in CAD-based inspection

XU Jinting, LIU Weijun, SUN Yuwen

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第4期页码 426-433 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0068-4

摘要： Complex surface inspection requires the optimal localization of the measured surface related to the design surface so that the two surfaces can be compared in a common coordinate frame. This paper presents a new technique for solving the localization problem. The basic approach consists of two steps: 1) rough localization of the measured points to the design surface based on curvature features, which can produce a good initial estimate for the optimal localization; 2) fine localization based on the least-square principle so that the deviation between the measured surface and the design surface is minimized. To efficiently compute the closest points on the design surface of the measured points, a novel method is proposed. Since this approach does not involve an iterative process of solving non-linear equations for the closest points, it is more convenient and robust. The typical complex surface is used to test the developed algorithm. Analysis and comparison of experimental results demonstrate the validity and applicability of the algorithm.

关键词： deviation comparison non-linear localization inspection