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Energy field-assisted high-speed dry milling green machining technology for difficult-to-machine metal

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0744-9

摘要: Energy field-assisted machining technology has the potential to overcome the limitations of machining difficult-to-machine metal materials, such as poor machinability, low cutting efficiency, and high energy consumption. High-speed dry milling has emerged as a typical green processing technology due to its high processing efficiency and avoidance of cutting fluids. However, the lack of necessary cooling and lubrication in high-speed dry milling makes it difficult to meet the continuous milling requirements for difficult-to-machine metal materials. The introduction of advanced energy-field-assisted green processing technology can improve the machinability of such metallic materials and achieve efficient precision manufacturing, making it a focus of academic and industrial research. In this review, the characteristics and limitations of high-speed dry milling of difficult-to-machine metal materials, including titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, and high-strength steel, are systematically explored. The laser energy field, ultrasonic energy field, and cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication energy fields are introduced. By analyzing the effects of changing the energy field and cutting parameters on tool wear, chip morphology, cutting force, temperature, and surface quality of the workpiece during milling, the superiority of energy-field-assisted milling of difficult-to-machine metal materials is demonstrated. Finally, the shortcomings and technical challenges of energy-field-assisted milling are summarized in detail, providing feasible ideas for realizing multi-energy field collaborative green machining of difficult-to-machine metal materials in the future.

关键词: difficult-to-machine metal material     green machining     high-speed dry milling     laser energy field-assisted milling     ultrasonic energy field-assisted milling     cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication energy field-assisted milling    

Fiber-reinforced composites in milling and grinding: machining bottlenecks and advanced strategies

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0680-8

摘要: Fiber-reinforced composites have become the preferred material in the fields of aviation and aerospace because of their high-strength performance in unit weight. The composite components are manufactured by near net-shape and only require finishing operations to achieve final dimensional and assembly tolerances. Milling and grinding arise as the preferred choices because of their precision processing. Nevertheless, given their laminated, anisotropic, and heterogeneous nature, these materials are considered difficult-to-machine. As undesirable results and challenging breakthroughs, the surface damage and integrity of these materials is a research hotspot with important engineering significance. This review summarizes an up-to-date progress of the damage formation mechanisms and suppression strategies in milling and grinding for the fiber-reinforced composites reported in the literature. First, the formation mechanisms of milling damage, including delamination, burr, and tear, are analyzed. Second, the grinding mechanisms, covering material removal mechanism, thermal mechanical behavior, surface integrity, and damage, are discussed. Third, suppression strategies are reviewed systematically from the aspects of advanced cutting tools and technologies, including ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining, cryogenic cooling, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), and tool optimization design. Ultrasonic vibration shows the greatest advantage of restraining machining force, which can be reduced by approximately 60% compared with conventional machining. Cryogenic cooling is the most effective method to reduce temperature with a maximum reduction of approximately 60%. MQL shows its advantages in terms of reducing friction coefficient, force, temperature, and tool wear. Finally, research gaps and future exploration directions are prospected, giving researchers opportunity to deepen specific aspects and explore new area for achieving high precision surface machining of fiber-reinforced composites.

关键词: milling     grinding     fiber-reinforced composites     damage formation mechanism     delamination     material removal mechanism     surface integrity     minimum quantity lubrication    

Cutting Force Model for a Small-diameter Helical Milling Cutter

LI Xiwen, YANG Shuzi, YANG Mingjin, XIE Shouyong

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第2卷 第3期   页码 272-277 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0047-1

摘要: In the milling process, the major flank wear land area (two-dimensional measurement for the wear) of a small-diameter milling cutter, as wear standard, can reflect actual changes of the wear land of the cutter. By analyzing the wearing characteristics of the cutter, a cutting force model based on the major flank wear land area is established. Characteristic parameters such as pressure parameter and friction parameter are calculated by substituting tested data into their corresponding equations. The cutting force model for the helical milling cutter is validated by experiments. The computational and experimental results show that the cutting force model is almost consistent with the actual cutting conditions. Thus, the cutting force model established in the research can provide a theoretical foundation for monitoring the condition of a milling process that uses a small-diameter helical milling cutter.

关键词: computational     corresponding     helical milling     theoretical foundation     Characteristic    

Position-varying surface roughness prediction method considering compensated acceleration in milling

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第16卷 第4期   页码 855-867 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0649-z

摘要: Machined surface roughness will affect parts’ service performance. Thus, predicting it in the machining is important to avoid rejects. Surface roughness will be affected by system position dependent vibration even under constant parameter with certain toolpath processing in the finishing. Aiming at surface roughness prediction in the machining process, this paper proposes a position-varying surface roughness prediction method based on compensated acceleration by using regression analysis. To reduce the stochastic error of measuring the machined surface profile height, the surface area is repeatedly measured three times, and Pauta criterion is adopted to eliminate abnormal points. The actual vibration state at any processing position is obtained through the single-point monitoring acceleration compensation model. Seven acceleration features are extracted, and valley, which has the highest R-square proving the effectiveness of the filtering features, is selected as the input of the prediction model by mutual information coefficients. Finally, by comparing the measured and predicted surface roughness curves, they have the same trends, with the average error of 16.28% and the minimum error of 0.16%. Moreover, the prediction curve matches and agrees well with the actual surface state, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the model.

关键词: surface roughness prediction     compensated acceleration     milling     thin-walled workpiece    

Mechanical behavior and semiempirical force model of aerospace aluminum alloy milling using nano biological

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0720-4

摘要: Aerospace aluminum alloy is the most used structural material for rockets, aircraft, spacecraft, and space stations. The deterioration of surface integrity of dry machining and the insufficient heat transfer capacity of minimal quantity lubrication have become the bottleneck of lubrication and heat dissipation of aerospace aluminum alloy. However, the excellent thermal conductivity and tribological properties of nanofluids are expected to fill this gap. The traditional milling force models are mainly based on empirical models and finite element simulations, which are insufficient to guide industrial manufacturing. In this study, the milling force of the integral end milling cutter is deduced by force analysis of the milling cutter element and numerical simulation. The instantaneous milling force model of the integral end milling cutter is established under the condition of dry and nanofluid minimal quantity lubrication (NMQL) based on the dual mechanism of the shear effect on the rake face of the milling cutter and the plow cutting effect on the flank surface. A single factor experiment is designed to introduce NMQL and the milling feed factor into the instantaneous milling force coefficient. The average absolute errors in the prediction of milling forces for the NMQL are 13.3%, 2.3%, and 7.6% in the x-, y-, and z-direction, respectively. Compared with the milling forces obtained by dry milling, those by NMQL decrease by 21.4%, 17.7%, and 18.5% in the x-, y-, and z-direction, respectively.

关键词: milling     force     nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication     aerospace aluminum alloy     nano biological lubricant    

A hybrid deep learning model for robust prediction of the dimensional accuracy in precision milling of

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0688-0

摘要: The use of artificial intelligence to process sensor data and predict the dimensional accuracy of machined parts is of great interest to the manufacturing community and can facilitate the intelligent production of many key engineering components. In this study, we develop a predictive model of the dimensional accuracy for precision milling of thin-walled structural components. The aim is to classify three typical features of a structural component—squares, slots, and holes—into various categories based on their dimensional errors (i.e., “high precision,” “pass,” and “unqualified”). Two different types of classification schemes have been considered in this study: those that perform feature extraction by using the convolutional neural networks and those based on an explicit feature extraction procedure. The classification accuracy of the popular machine learning methods has been evaluated in comparison with the proposed deep learning model. Based on the experimental data collected during the milling experiments, the proposed model proved to be capable of predicting dimensional accuracy using cutting parameters (i.e., “static features”) and cutting-force data (i.e., “dynamic features”). The average classification accuracy obtained using the proposed deep learning model was 9.55% higher than the best machine learning algorithm considered in this paper. Moreover, the robustness of the hybrid model has been studied by considering the white Gaussian and coherent noises. Hence, the proposed hybrid model provides an efficient way of fusing different sources of process data and can be adopted for prediction of the machining quality in noisy environments.

关键词: precision milling     dimensional accuracy     cutting force     convolutional neural networks     coherent noise    

Multi-objective optimization of cutting parameters in high-speed milling based on grey relational analysis

Tao FU, Jibin ZHAO, Weijun LIU

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第7卷 第4期   页码 445-452 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0338-z

摘要:

This paper investigates optimization problem of the cutting parameters in high-speed milling on NAK80 mold steel. An experiment based on the technology of Taguchi is performed. The objective is to establish a correlation among spindle speed, feed per tooth and depth of cut to the three directions of cutting force in the milling process. In this study, the optimum cutting parameters are obtained by the grey relational analysis. Moreover, the principal component analysis is applied to evaluate the weights so that their relative significance can be described properly and objectively. The results of experiments show that grey relational analysis coupled with principal component analysis can effectively acquire the optimal combination of cutting parameters and the proposed approach can be a useful tool to reduce the cutting force.

关键词: high-speed milling     grey relational analysis     principal component analysis     parameters optimization    

Ball milling promoted direct liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass in supercritical ethanol

Chunyan Yang, Xiaoliang Yuan, Xueting Wang, Kejing Wu, Yingying Liu, Changjun Liu, Houfang Lu, Bin Liang

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 605-613 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1841-0

摘要: In the present work, ball milling was applied for the pretreatment of lignocellulose to obtain high conversion and bio-oil yield in supercritical ethanol. Ball milling substantially decreased the crystallinity and particle size of lignocellulose, thereby improving its accessibility in ethanol solvent. An increased bio-oil yield of 59.2% was obtained for the ball milled camphorwood sawdust at 300°C, compared with 39.6% for the original lignocellulose. Decreased crystallinity significantly benefited the conversion of the cellulose component from 60.8% to 91.7%, and decreased particle size was beneficial for the conversion of all components. The obtained bio-oil had a high phenolic content, as analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methoxylation and retro-aldol condensation were observed during alcoholysis, and the reaction pathways of lignocellulose in supercritical ethanol were attributed to the action of free radicals.

关键词: ball milling     lignocellulose     supercritical ethanol     liquefaction     bio-oil    

3D finite element prediction of chip flow, burr formation, and cutting forces in micro end-milling of

A. DAVOUDINEJAD, P. PARENTI, M. ANNONI

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第12卷 第2期   页码 203-214 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0421-6

摘要:

Predictive models for machining operations have been significantly improved through numerous methods in recent decades. This study proposed a 3D finite element modeling (3D FEM) approach for the micro end-milling of Al6061-T6. Finite element (FE) simulations were performed under different cutting conditions to obtain realistic numerical predictions of chip flow, burr formation, and cutting forces. FE modeling displayed notable advantages, such as capability to easily handle any type of tool geometry and any side effect on chip formation, including thermal aspect and material property changes. The proposed 3D FE model considers the effects of mill helix angle and cutting edge radius on the chip. The prediction capability of the FE model was validated by comparing numerical model and experimental test results. Burr dimension trends were correlated with force profile shapes. However, the FE predictions overestimated the real force magnitude. This overestimation indicates that the model requires further development.

关键词: 3D finite element modeling     micro end-milling     cutting force     chip formation     burr formation    

Coupling evaluation for material removal and thermal control on precision milling machine tools

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第17卷 第1期   页码 12-12 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0668-9

摘要: Machine tools are one of the most representative machining systems in manufacturing. The energy consumption of machine tools has been a research hotspot and frontier for green low-carbon manufacturing. However, previous research merely regarded the material removal (MR) energy as useful energy consumption and ignored the useful energy consumed by thermal control (TC) for maintaining internal thermal stability and machining accuracy. In pursuit of energy-efficient, high-precision machining, more attention should be paid to the energy consumption of TC and the coupling relationship between MR and TC. Hence, the cutting energy efficiency model considering the coupling relationship is established based on the law of conservation of energy. An index of energy consumption ratio of TC is proposed to characterize its effect on total energy usage. Furthermore, the heat characteristics are analyzed, which can be adopted to represent machining accuracy. Experimental study indicates that TC is the main energy-consuming process of the precision milling machine tool, which overwhelms the energy consumption of MR. The forced cooling mode of TC results in a 7% reduction in cutting energy efficiency. Regression analysis shows that heat dissipation positively contributes 54.1% to machining accuracy, whereas heat generation negatively contributes 45.9%. This paper reveals the coupling effect of MR and TC on energy efficiency and machining accuracy. It can provide a foundation for energy-efficient, high-precision machining of machine tools.

关键词: machine tools     cutting energy efficiency     thermal stability     machining accuracy     coupling evaluation    

Experimental study of surface integrity and fatigue life in the face milling of Inconel 718

Xiangyu WANG, Chuanzhen HUANG, Bin ZOU, Guoliang LIU, Hongtao ZHU, Jun WANG

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第13卷 第2期   页码 243-250 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0479-9

摘要:

The Inconel 718 alloy is widely used in the aerospace and power industries. The machining-induced surface integrity and fatigue life of this material are important factors for consideration due to high reliability and safety requirements. In this work, the milling of Inconel 718 was conducted at different cutting speeds and feed rates. Surface integrity and fatigue life were measured directly. The effects of cutting speed and feed rate on surface integrity and their further influences on fatigue life were analyzed. Within the chosen parameter range, the cutting speed barely affected the surface roughness, whereas the feed rate increased the surface roughness through the ideal residual height. The surface hardness increased as the cutting speed and feed rate increased. Tensile residual stress was observed on the machined surface, which showed improvement with the increasing feed rate. The cutting speed was not an influencing factor on fatigue life, but the feed rate affected fatigue life through the surface roughness. The high surface roughness resulting from the high feed rate could result in a high stress concentration factor and lead to a low fatigue life.

关键词: roughness     hardness     residual stress     microstructure     fatigue life    

Development of meso-scale milling machine tool and its performance analysis

LI Hongtao, LAI Xinmin, LI Chengfeng, LIN Zhongqin, MIAO Jiancheng, NI Jun

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第3卷 第1期   页码 59-65 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0005-6

摘要: To overcome the shortcomings of current technologies for meso-scale manufacturing such as MEMS and ultra precision machining, this paper focuses on the investigations on the meso milling process with a miniaturized machine tool. First, the related technologies for the process mechanism studies are investigated based on the analysis of the characteristics of the meso milling process. An overview of the key issues is presented and research approaches are also proposed. Then, a meso-scale milling machine tool system is developed. The subsystems and their specifications are described in detail. Finally, some tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the system. These tests consist of precision measurement of the positioning subsystem, the test for machining precision evaluation, and the experiments for machining mechanical parts with complex features. Through test analysis, the meso milling process with a miniaturized machine tool is proved to be feasible and applicable for meso manufacturing.

关键词: applicable     machining mechanical     overview     positioning subsystem     miniaturized    

Mesoscale fabrication of a complex surface for integral impeller blades

Xibin WANG,Tianfeng ZHOU,Lijing XIE,Li JIAO,Zhibing LIU,Zhiqiang LIANG,Pei YAN

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第12卷 第1期   页码 116-131 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0426-1

摘要:

Integral impeller is the most important component of a mini-engine. However, the machining of a mesoscale impeller with a complex integral surface is difficult because of its compact size and high accuracy requirement. A mesoscale component is usually manufactured by milling. However, a conventional milling tool cannot meet the machining requirements because of its size and stiffness. For the fabrication of a complex integral impeller, a micro-ball-end mill is designed in accordance with the non-instantaneous-pole envelope principle and manufactured by grinding based on the profile model of the helical groove and the mathematical model of the cutting edge curve. Subsequently, fractal theory is applied to characterize the surface quality of the integral impeller. The fractal theory-based characterization shows that the completed mesoscale integral impeller exhibits a favorable performance in terms of mechanical properties and morphological accuracy.

关键词: mesoscale fabrication     micro-milling tool     mesoscale milling     impeller blade    

Erratum to: One-step ball milling-prepared nano Fe

Xingguo Guo, Qiuying Wang, Ting Xu, Kajia Wei, Mengxi Yin, Peng Liang, Xia Huang, Xiaoyuan Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1258-5

带冷却系统的XK717数控铣床主轴部件热特性分析

王金生,胡如夫,巫修海

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第8期   页码 84-88

摘要:

机床主轴系统是机床的核心部件,其热特性的好坏,直接影响机床的加工精度;以建立主轴系统的有限元模型,结合主轴系统与普通水箱之间的冷却模型,对带有冷却套的主轴系统进行了热特性分析,得出了主轴系统的热特性曲线;根据分析结果,对XK717数控铣床主轴部件冷却套的布局进行了改进设计,为优化数控铣床主轴系统提供了理论依据。

关键词: 热特性     有限元     优化设计     数控铣床    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Energy field-assisted high-speed dry milling green machining technology for difficult-to-machine metal

期刊论文

Fiber-reinforced composites in milling and grinding: machining bottlenecks and advanced strategies

期刊论文

Cutting Force Model for a Small-diameter Helical Milling Cutter

LI Xiwen, YANG Shuzi, YANG Mingjin, XIE Shouyong

期刊论文

Position-varying surface roughness prediction method considering compensated acceleration in milling

期刊论文

Mechanical behavior and semiempirical force model of aerospace aluminum alloy milling using nano biological

期刊论文

A hybrid deep learning model for robust prediction of the dimensional accuracy in precision milling of

期刊论文

Multi-objective optimization of cutting parameters in high-speed milling based on grey relational analysis

Tao FU, Jibin ZHAO, Weijun LIU

期刊论文

Ball milling promoted direct liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass in supercritical ethanol

Chunyan Yang, Xiaoliang Yuan, Xueting Wang, Kejing Wu, Yingying Liu, Changjun Liu, Houfang Lu, Bin Liang

期刊论文

3D finite element prediction of chip flow, burr formation, and cutting forces in micro end-milling of

A. DAVOUDINEJAD, P. PARENTI, M. ANNONI

期刊论文

Coupling evaluation for material removal and thermal control on precision milling machine tools

期刊论文

Experimental study of surface integrity and fatigue life in the face milling of Inconel 718

Xiangyu WANG, Chuanzhen HUANG, Bin ZOU, Guoliang LIU, Hongtao ZHU, Jun WANG

期刊论文

Development of meso-scale milling machine tool and its performance analysis

LI Hongtao, LAI Xinmin, LI Chengfeng, LIN Zhongqin, MIAO Jiancheng, NI Jun

期刊论文

Mesoscale fabrication of a complex surface for integral impeller blades

Xibin WANG,Tianfeng ZHOU,Lijing XIE,Li JIAO,Zhibing LIU,Zhiqiang LIANG,Pei YAN

期刊论文

Erratum to: One-step ball milling-prepared nano Fe

Xingguo Guo, Qiuying Wang, Ting Xu, Kajia Wei, Mengxi Yin, Peng Liang, Xia Huang, Xiaoyuan Zhang

期刊论文

带冷却系统的XK717数控铣床主轴部件热特性分析

王金生,胡如夫,巫修海

期刊论文