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Digital manufacturing—the development direction of the manufacturing technology in the 21st century

XIONG You-lun, YIN Zhou-ping

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第2期页码 125-130 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0021-3

摘要： After introducing the concepts of digital manufacturing technology, the discipline framework of digital manufacturing is presented in the paper by discussing its basic concept, theory foundation, key technology and scientific problems in detail. As the core of the advanced manufacturing technology, digital manufacturing is gradually becoming the main manufacturing technology of the twenty-first century. Firstly, the main features of digital manufacturing are indicated and its key supporting technologies are investigated by grouping them into four levels related to product development, numerical control, production management, and enterprise collaboration, respectively. Moreover, the existing problems in the research on the multi-discipline theory foundation of digital manufacturing such as manufacturing informatics, computational manufacturing, and manufacturing intelligence, are also indicated. Then, the core scientific problems of digital manufacturing are discussed in depth, which focuses on digitization of manufacturing information, modeling of manufacturing constraints, high-speed and high-precision numerical control theory, and Internet-based collaboration and integration. Lastly, the development trends and application perspectives of digital manufacturing are concluded.

关键词： development foundation multi-discipline scientific supporting

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跨学科的地质灾害预警工程

姚学祥,徐晶

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第6期页码 9-14

摘要：

滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害受多种因素的影响，地质灾害预报警报工程体系的建立需要多部门、多学科的合作。2003年6月1日中国气象局和国土资源部联合启动了全国地质灾害气象预警业务，取得了很好的社会和经济效益。分析了我国滑坡泥石流等地质灾害的时空分布特点及其与降雨等多因素、多学科的关系。介绍了国家级地质灾害预报警报业务系统的有关技术，并分析了存在的问题，结合国内外的技术发展现状和趋势，提出了从地球系统5大圈层相互作用的角度研究地质灾害，建立多学科多部门合作的地质灾害监测、预报、警报和防治体系等建议。

关键词：地质灾害泥石流滑坡预警工程

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Reflection on Development Strategy of Engineering Management Discipline in China

Ying-luo Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 218-224 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014029

摘要： A large number of engineering management professionals are required to promote engineering management efficiency, but the existing engineering management training system has some gaps with economical and social development in China. Development of engineering management discipline has very important strategic significance in China. This paper explores the disciplinary characteristics of engineering management, and analyzes the developmental issues about education of engineering management discipline. Meanwhile, the paper also proposes that the construction for development strategy of China’s engineering management discipline should be accelerated in the following aspects: Theoretical system of engineering management must be built and methodology of engineering management needs to be explored and perfected; advantages of various universities should be fully expressed, to show their own characteristics with accurate and reasonable positioning; knowledge system of engineering management discipline must be organized and integrated; practical ability of engineering management professionals needs to be promoted; education level of engineering management discipline should be perfected and training objectives at various levels must be clarified; teaching methods and means have to be reformed.

关键词： engineering management disciplinary characteristics development strategy

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Development of splenic surgery in China

JIANG Hongchi, ZHAO Xianqi, GAO Yue

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 126-129 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0024-4

摘要： Splenic surgery has enjoyed rapid progress for the past decades in China. Based on continuously solidifying theories and clinical practice, many advanced concepts with applicable clinical frameworks have been established, thus making splenic surgery an indispensable division in modern surgery. In this study, the authors try to give an overview of the developments in this field. Spleen function is a key issue that generally guides advances in splenic surgery. The old knowledge of the dispensable spleen has been abandoned, while the exact role that it plays in the body continues to be unveiled. Now, standard grading for splenic injury and the respective guidelines for clinical management have been established, with the use of selective instead of indiscriminate splenectomy being accepted by most experts. Various spleen sparing operations have been developed, while many advanced techniques such as laparoscopy have been introduced to splenic surgery. Spleen transplantation has greatly advanced in China, even though there are still many unsolved mysteries in this field. Altogether, splenic surgery is a new and prosperous discipline, and it is a tremendous stage for young surgeons to be part of.

关键词： function respective prosperous discipline knowledge indispensable division

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Development of Engineering Management Education in China

Chuan-jun Zheng,Hu Cheng

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第3期页码 304-310 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015046

摘要： Engineering management (EM) is a new interdisciplinary field accompanying China’s economic and social development. To have a systemic research of the present situation and future orientation on China’s EM education, this paper compares the connotation of engineering and engineering management based on the gap of their differences at home and abroad, with gained causes between them. Then, this paper analyzes the training system of 35 authenticated universities with the program of engineering management, which had received the certification from the Engineering Management Assessment Committee for Higher Education Institutions under the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China by 2014. With a web survey of the present condition of engineering management education at these universities, the paper discusses the disciplinary attribution of engineering management. Through the above research, this paper concludes with three suggestions for the long-term development of engineering management education in China.

关键词： engineering management education discipline development China

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创建知识系统工程学科

王众托

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第12期页码 1-9

摘要：

介绍了如何在钱学森的系统科学与思维科学思想的启发和指引下，创建知识系统工程学科，知识系统工程的任务与内涵，知识系统的组成要素和功能；提出了知识系统的组织、人员、技术、经营和文化的体系结构；分析了知识系统的运作过程；特别对创新过程中知识的集成、转化与新知识的生成提出了一些新的观点。

关键词：知识管理系统工程知识系统工程创新知识集成

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打破学科界限的整合课程学习——全球STEM 课程的开发

Katherine Shirey

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第2期页码 170-174 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.006

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工程工程系统工程系统论与工程科学体系

王连成

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第6期页码 15-18

摘要：

从分析工程的基本内容、性质和特征人手，引出了工程系统的概念，接着应用一般系统论思想讨论了工程系统论的研究对象和研究方法，并论述了它在整个工程科学体系中的元学科地位。

关键词：工程系统系统论学科

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智能源于人、拓于工——人工智能发展的一点思考

蒋昌俊,王俊丽

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第6期页码 93-100 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.015

摘要：

人工智能（AI）旨在模拟人脑中信息存储和处理机制等智能行为，使机器具有一定程度的智能水平。随着互联网、大数据、云计算和深度学习等新一代信息技术的飞速发展，目前AI领域的研究和应用已经取得重要进展。本文将深入分析与AI密切相关的计算机科学、控制科学、类脑智能、人脑智能等学科或领域之间的交融与历史演进；指出神经科学、脑科学与认知科学中有关脑的结构与功能机制的研究成果，为构建智能计算模型提供了重要的启发，并从逻辑模型及系统、神经元及网络模型、视觉神经分层机制等方面，分别阐述智能的驱动与发展；最后从互联网的计算理论、AI的演算和计算的融合、类脑智能的模型和机理、AI对神经科学的推动作用、反馈计算的算法设计与控制系统的能级五个方面，对AI的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词：人工智能人脑智能类脑智能智能发展学科演进

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Multi-objective optimization for the multi-mode finance-based project scheduling problem

Sameh Al-SHIHABI, Mohammad AlDURGAM

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 223-237 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0097-1

摘要： The finance-based scheduling problem (FBSP) is about scheduling project activities without exceeding a credit line financing limit. The FBSP is extended to consider different execution modes that result in the multi-mode FBSP (MMFBSP). Unfortunately, researchers have abandoned the development of exact models to solve the FBSP and its extensions. Instead, researchers have heavily relied on the use of heuristics and meta-heuristics, which do not guarantee solution optimality. No exact models are available for contractors who look for optimal solutions to the multi-objective MMFBSP. CPLEX, which is an exact solver, has witnessed a significant decrease in its computation time. Moreover, its current version, CPLEX 12.9, solves multi-objective optimization problems. This study presents a mixed-integer linear programming model for the multi-objective MMFBSP. Using CPLEX 12.9, we discuss several techniques that researchers can use to optimize a multi-objective MMFBSP. We test our model by solving several problems from the literature. We also show how to solve multi-objective optimization problems by using CPLEX 12.9 and how computation time increases as problem size increases. The small increase in computation time compared with possible cost savings make exact models a must for practitioners. Moreover, the linear programming-relaxation of the model, which takes seconds, can provide an excellent lower bound.

关键词： multi-objective optimization finance-based scheduling multi-mode project scheduling mixed-integer linear programming CPLEX

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Build orientation determination of multi-feature mechanical parts in selective laser melting via multi-objective

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0737-8

摘要： Selective laser melting (SLM) is a unique additive manufacturing (AM) category that can be used to manufacture mechanical parts. It has been widely used in aerospace and automotive using metal or alloy powder. The build orientation is crucial in AM because it affects the as-built part, including its part accuracy, surface roughness, support structure, and build time and cost. A mechanical part is usually composed of multiple surface features. The surface features carry the production and design knowledge, which can be utilized in SLM fabrication. This study proposes a method to determine the build orientation of multi-feature mechanical parts (MFMPs) in SLM. First, the surface features of an MFMP are recognized and grouped for formulating the particular optimization objectives. Second, the estimation models of involved optimization objectives are established, and a set of alternative build orientations (ABOs) is further obtained by many-objective optimization. Lastly, a multi-objective decision making method integrated by the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution and cosine similarity measure is presented to select an optimal build orientation from those ABOs. The weights of the feature groups and considered objectives are achieved by a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Two case studies are reported to validate the proposed method with numerical results, and the effectiveness comparison is presented. Physical manufacturing is conducted to prove the performance of the proposed method. The measured average sampling surface roughness of the most crucial feature of the bracket in the original orientation and the orientations obtained by the weighted sum model and the proposed method are 15.82, 10.84, and 10.62 μm, respectively. The numerical and physical validation results demonstrate that the proposed method is desirable to determine the build orientations of MFMPs with competitive results in SLM.

关键词： selective laser melting (SLM) build orientation determination multi-feature mechanical part (MFMP) fuzzy analytical hierarchy process multi-objective decision making (MODM)

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我国护理体系现存突出问题的探索及建设策略

皮红英,孟文文,章洁,支晨,赵婷

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 79-83 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.013

摘要：

本文运用文献研究法、问卷调查法及专家咨询法来探索当前我国护理体系存在的问题，围绕护理人力资源配置、学科发展建设、护理价值实现三方面分析现存的突出问题并提出对策建议。分析结果表明，护理人力资源配置，在护士数量、学历水平、年龄结构、队伍稳定性等方面存在问题；在护理学科发展建设方面，专业课程设置、人才培养模式、经费投入问题较为突出；护理服务价格偏低、护士收入偏低、护理价值得不到体现同样是阻碍护理事业发展的关键问题。针对上述突出问题，在加强护理队伍建设和提升护理服务质量、加快学科建设和人才培养、健全护理收费标准和提高护士待遇三方面提出对策建议及建设策略，以期为构建新型护理体系提供依据。

关键词：护理体系护理服务人力资源护理经济学护理学科建设

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A practical multi-lane factor model of bridges based on multi-truck presence considering lane load disparities

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 877-894 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0756-2

摘要： Many bridge design specifications consider multi-lane factors (MLFs) a critical component of the traffic load model. Measured multi-lane traffic data generally exhibit significant lane disparities in traffic loads over multiple lanes. However, these disparities are not considered in current specifications. To address this drawback, a multi-coefficient MLF model was developed based on an improved probabilistic statistical approach that considers the presence of multiple trucks. The proposed MLF model and approach were calibrated and demonstrated through an example site. The model sensitivity analysis demonstrated the significant influence of lane disparity of truck traffic volume and truck weight distribution on the MLF. Using the proposed approach, the experimental site study yielded MLFs comparable with those directly calculated using traffic load effects. The exclusion of overloaded trucks caused the proposed approach, existing design specifications, and conventional approach of ignoring lane load disparity to generate comparable MLFs, while the MLFs based on the proposed approach were the most comprehensive. The inclusion of overloaded trucks caused the conventional approach and design specifications to overestimate the MLFs significantly. Finally, the benefits of the research results to bridge practitioners were discussed.

关键词： bridges multi-lane factor traffic load lane load disparity multi-truck presence weigh-in-motion data

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Development of machine learning multi-city model for municipal solid waste generation prediction

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1551-6

摘要：

● A database of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in China was established.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Machine learning Multi-cities Gradient boost regression tree

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A naive optimization method for multi-line systems with alternative machines

Weichang KONG, Fei QIAO, Qidi WU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第4期页码 377-392 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0544-z

摘要： The scheduling of parallel machines and the optimization of multi-line systems are two hotspots in the field of complex manufacturing systems. When the two problems are considered simultaneously, the resulting problem is much more complex than either of them. Obtaining sufficient training data for conventional data-based optimization approaches is difficult because of the high diversity of system structures. Consequently, optimization of multi-line systems with alternative machines requires a simple mechanism and must be minimally dependent on historical data. To define a general multi-line system with alternative machines, this study introduces the capability vector and matrix and the distribution vector and matrix. A naive optimization method is proposed in accordance with classic feedback control theory, and its key approaches are introduced. When a reasonable target value is provided, the proposed method can realize closed-loop optimization to the selected objective performance. Case studies are performed on a real 5/6-inch semiconductor wafer manufacturing facility and a simulated multi-line system constructed on the basis of the MiniFAB model. Results show that the proposed method can effectively and efficiently optimize various objective performance. The method demonstrates a potential for utilization in multi-objective optimization.

关键词： multi-line systems alternative machines feedback control closed-loop optimization