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Waste Light-Emitting Diode Under Hydrothermal Condition: Plastic Package Degradation, Speciation of Nano-TiO2

Yongliang Zhang,Lu Zhan,Zhenming Xu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.008

摘要： Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have accounted for most of the lighting market as the technology matures and costs continue to reduce. As a new type of e-waste, LED is a double-edged sword, as it contains not only precious and rare metals but also organic packaging materials. In previous studies, LED recycling focused on recovering precious and strategic metals while ignoring harmful substances such as organic packaging materials. Unlike crushing and other traditional methods, hydrothermal treatment can provide an environment-friendly process for decomposing packaging materials. This work developed a closed reaction vessel, where the degradation rate of plastic polyphthalamide (PPA) was close to 100%, with nano-TiO2 encapsulated in plastic PPA being efficiently recovered, while metals contained in LED were also recycled efficiently. Besides, the role of water in plastic PPA degradation that has been overlooked in current studies was explored and speculated in detail in this work. Environmental impact assessment revealed that the proposed recycling route for waste LED could significantly reduce the overall environmental impact compared to the currently published processes. Especially the developed method could reduce more than half the impact of global warming. Furthermore, this research provides a theoretical basis and a promising method for recycling other plastic-packaged e-waste devices, such as integrated circuits.

关键词： Waste LED     Hydrothermal treatment     Recycling     Plastic PPA degradation     Packaging materials    

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Understanding the role of nano-TiO on the toxicity of Pb on through modeling–Is it additive or synergistic

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1493-4

摘要：

• A two-compartment model is able to quantify the effect of nano-TiO2 on Pb toxicity.

关键词： Algae     C. dubia     Lead     Nano-TiO2     Synergistic toxicity     Two-compartment toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model    

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Synthesis of TiO2 nano-particles and their photocatalytic activity for formaldehyde and methyl orange

XIAO Xinyan, ZHANG Huiping, CHEN Huanqin, LIAO Dongliang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 178-183 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0033-5

摘要： TiO nano-particles were synthesized by sol-gel technique and characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Their photocatalytic activities for formaldehyde (FA) and methyl orange (MO) degradation were tested using degradation rate (η) as an evaluation index. Based on the orthogonal test results, the optimal condition for TiO preparation was obtained. Results showed that particle sizes were in the range of 10 40 nm, and that prepared TiO had better photocatalytic activity than P25. A simplified model was developed to evaluate the apparent quantum efficiency (Φapp) of this photocatalytic reaction system.

关键词： prepared     photocatalytic activity     apparent     photocatalytic     orthogonal    

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Interactions between nano-TiO

Mingyu LIN,Yao Hsiang TSENG,Chin-Pao HUANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 242-257 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1513-7

摘要： Nano-sized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO ) has wide industrial applications and therefore considerable chances of exposure are created for human beings and ecosystems. To better understand the interactions between nano-TiO and aquatic organisms, we first studied TiO uptake by algae exemplified by were exposed to nano-TiO in a series of concentrations and at various pH. TiO uptake was quantified using a sedimentation curve analysis technique. After exposure of algae to TiO , the variation of zeta potential was measured and the morphology of algae-TiO aggregate was observed with scanning electron microscopy and the optical microscopy. The steady-state TiO uptake was found to be pH-dependent and the isotherms can be described well by Freundlich model. TiO deposited on algal surfaces causes the shift of pH of TiO -covered algae from that of algae toward that of TiO . The attraction between TiO -covered algal cells induces the agglomeration of algae and TiO and thus the formation of algae-TiO aggregates in the size of 12 to 50 μm. The 2-D fractal dimension of the aggregates is pH-dependent and ranges from 1.31 to 1.67. The theoretical analysis of the Gibbs energy of interaction indicates that both TiO uptake by algae and the formation of algae-TiO aggregate are influenced by the interaction between TiO particles.

关键词： nano-TiO2     Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata     algal cells     titanium dioxide uptake    

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metabolic mechanism of promoted rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth by TiO2 nanoparticles

Yingdan Zhang, Na Liu, Wei Wang, Jianteng Sun, Lizhong Zhu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1282-5

摘要： Abstract • The rice growth was promoted by nano-TiO2 of 0.1–100 mg/L. • Nano-TiO2 enhanced the energy storage in photosynthesis. • Nano-TiO2 reduced energy consumption in carbohydrate metabolism and TCA cycle. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nano-TiO2), as an excellent UV absorbent and photo-catalyst, has been widely applied in modern industry, thus inevitably discharged into environment. We proposed that nano-TiO2 in soil can promote crop yield through photosynthetic and metabolic disturbance, therefore, we investigated the effects of nano-TiO2 exposure on related physiologic-biochemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Results showed that rice biomass was increased >30% at every applied dosage (0.1–100 mg/L) of nano-TiO2. The actual photosynthetic rate (Y(II)) significantly increased by 10.0% and 17.2% in the treatments of 10 and 100 mg/L respectively, indicating an increased energy production from photosynthesis. Besides, non-photochemical quenching (Y(NPQ)) significantly decreased by 19.8%–26.0% of the control in all treatments respectively, representing a decline in heat dissipation. Detailed metabolism fingerprinting further revealed that a fortified transformation of monosaccharides (D-fructose, D-galactose, and D-talose) to disaccharides (D-cellobiose, and D-lactose) was accompanied with a weakened citric acid cycle, confirming the decrease of energy consumption in metabolism. All these results elucidated that nano-TiO2 promoted rice growth through the upregulation of energy storage in photosynthesis and the downregulation of energy consumption in metabolism. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the stress-response hormesis of rice after exposure to nano-TiO2, and provides worthy information on the potential application and risk of nanomaterials in agricultural production.

关键词： Nano-TiO2     Rice     Photosynthesis     Metabolomics     Energy storage    

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Effect of TiO 2 loading on the activity of V/TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 in the catalytic oxidehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

Xiaohong LI, Wenying LI,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 142-146 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0233-2

摘要： TiO-AlOmixed oxides with different compositions ranging from 40wt-% to 95wt-% of TiO were prepared by sol-gel method and impregnated with different amounts of VO. Supports and catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), physisorption, temperature preprogrammed reduction (H-TPR), and ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH-TPD). TiO content in the support had obvious effect on the crystal structure, texture characteristic, acid property, and catalytic activity in dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (EB) with carbon dioxide. The highest catalytic activity was acquired when the TiO content was 50 wt-%.

关键词： desorption     different     TiO-AlOmixed     physisorption     ethylbenzene    

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Interfacial charge transfer and photocatalytic activity in a reverse designed BiO/TiO core-shell

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 732-743 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0772-x

摘要： In this study, the electronic and photocatalytic properties of core-shell heterojunctions photocatalysts with reversible configuration of TiO2 and Bi2O3 layers were studied. The core-shell nanostructure, obtained by efficient control of the sol-gel polymerization and impregnation method of variable precursors of semiconductors, makes it possible to study selectively the role of the interfacial charge transfer in each configuration. The morphological, optical, and chemical composition of the core-shell nanostructures were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show the formation of homogenous TiO2 anatase and Bi2O3 layers with a thickness of around 10 and 8 nm, respectively. The interfacial charge carrier dynamic was tracked using time resolved microwave conductivity and transition photocurrent density. The charge transfer, their density, and lifetime were found to rely on the layout layers in the core-shell nanostructure. In optimal core-shell design, Bi2O3 collects holes from TiO2, leaving electrons free to react and increase by 5 times the photocatalytic efficiency toward H2 generation. This study provides new insight into the importance of the design and elaboration of optimal heterojunction based on the photocatalyst system to improve the photocatalytic activity.

关键词： photocatalysis     core-shell     heterojunction     H2     TiO2     Bi2O3    

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Solar photocatalytic decomposition of two azo dyes on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/TiO 2 composites

Huilong WANG, Shuqin LIU, Hui WANG, Wenfeng JIANG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 311-320 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0237-7

摘要： Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/TiO composite photocatalysts with high photoactivity were prepared by sol-gel process and further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and UV-vis absorption spectra. Compared to pure TiO, the combination of MWCNTs with titania could cause a significant absorption shift toward the visible region. The photocatalytic performances of the MWCNTs/TiO composite catalysts were evaluated for the decomposition of Reactive light yellow K-6G (K-6G) and Mordant black 7 (MB 7) azo dyes solution under solar light irradiation. The results showed that the addition of MWCNTs enhanced the adsorption and photocatalytic activity of TiO for the degradation of azo dyes K-6G and MB 7. The effect of MWCNTs content, catalyst dosage, pH, and initial dye concentration were examined as operational parameters. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of two dyes was found to follow a pseudo-first-order rate law. The photocatalyst was used for seven cycles with photocatalytic degradation efficiency still higher than 98%. A plausible mechanism is also proposed and discussed on the basis of experimental results.

关键词： sol-gel     multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/TiO2 composite     photocatalysis     azo dye     solar irradiation    

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Preparation and characterization of SO42-/TiO2 and S2O82-/TiO2 catalysts

MA Xuedan, GUO Daishi, JIANG Qizhong, MA Zifeng, MA Zhengfei, YE Weidong, LI Chunbo

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 45-49 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0009-5

摘要： Nanosized solid superacids SO/TiO and SO/TiO, as well as MCM-41-supported SO/ZrO, were prepared. Their structures, acidities, and catalytic activities were investigated and compared using XRD, N adsorption-desorption, and in situ FTIR-pyridine adsorption, as well as an evaluation reaction with pseudoionone cyclization. The results showed that SO/TiO and SO/TiO possess not only nanosized particles with diameters <7.0 nm, a BET surface greater than 140 cm/g and relatively regular mesostructures with pores around 4.0 nm, but also a pure anatase phase and strong acidity. Different from the Lewis acid nature of SO/ZrO/MCM-41, SO/TiO and SO/TiO exhibit mainly Br¢nsted acidities. The strongest Br¢nsted acid sites were produced on SO/TiO promoted with HSO, while Lewis acid sites on SO/TiO even stronger than those on SO/ZrO/MCM-41 were generated when persulfate solution was used as sulfating agent. Because of their distinct acid natures, SO/TiO and SO/TiO exhibited catalytic activities for the cyclization of pseudoionone that were much higher than that of SO/ZrO/MCM-41. It can be concluded that the existence of more Br¢nsted acid sites was favorable for proton participation in the cyclization reaction.

关键词： exhibit     Different     persulfate     adsorption-desorption     catalytic    

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Preparation and characterization of poly (vinylidene fluoride)/TiO

Weiying LI, Xiuli SUN, Chen WEN, Hui LU, Zhiwei WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 492-502 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0407-x

摘要： Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/titanium dioxide (TiO ) hybrid membranes were prepared using nano-TiO as the modifier, and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results demonstrated that nano-sized TiO particles dispersed homogeneously within the PVDF matrix, contributing to more hydroxyls and smoother surfaces. Moreover, permeate flux, retention factor, porosity, contact angle and anti-fouling tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of TiO concentration on the performance of PVDF membranes. Among all the prepared membranes, PVDF/TiO membrane containing 10 vol.% TiO exhibited the best hydrophilicity with an average pure water flux up to 237 L·m ·h , higher than that of unmodified PVDF membranes (155 L·m ·h ). Besides, the bovine serum albumin rejection of the hybrid membrane was improved evidently from 52.3% to 70.6%, and the contact angle was significantly lowered from 83° to 60°, while the average pore size and its distribution became smaller and narrower.

关键词： poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane     nano-TiO2     anti-fouling performance     water treatment    

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Plasmonic Au nanoparticles supported on both sides of TiO2 hollow spheres for maximising photocatalytic

Jianwei Lu, Lan Lan, Xiaoteng Terence Liu, Na Wang, Xiaolei Fan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 665-671 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1815-2

摘要： A strategy of intensifying the visible light harvesting ability of anatase TiO hollow spheres (HSs) was developed, in which both sides of TiO HSs were utilised for stabilising Au nanoparticles (NPs) through the sacrificial templating method and convex surface-induced confinement. The composite structure of single Au NP yolk-TiO shell-Au NPs, denoted as Au@Au(TiO , was rendered and confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy analysis. Au@Au(TiO showed enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue and phenol in aqueous phase under visible light surpassing that of other reference materials such as Au(TiO by 77% and Au@P25 by 52%, respectively, in phenol degradation.

关键词： TiO2 hollow spheres     plasmonic Au nanoparticles     confinement     visible light     photocatalytic degradation    

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Preparation of lignin/TiO2 nanocomposites and their application in aqueous polyurethane coatings

Dongjie Yang, Shengyu Wang, Ruisheng Zhong, Weifeng Liu, Xueqing Qiu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 59-69 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1712-0

摘要： A simple method using a water soluble lignin quaternary ammonium salt (LQAS) and TiO has been developed for the preparation of lignin/TiO nanocomposites in an aqueous medium under mild conditions. The LQAS/TiO nanocomposites contain well-dispersed small particles with excellent ultraviolet (UV) shielding abilities and good compatibilities with waterborne polyurethane (WPU). When the LQAS/TiO nanocomposites were blended with WPU, the UV absorbance and the tensile ductility of the WPU increased significantly. The composite WPU hybrid film containing 6 wt-% LQAS/TiO nanocomposite had the highest visible light transmittance and had excellent ultraviolet aging properties. After 192 h of UV light irradiation, the tensile strength of the composite film was above 8 MPa and the elongation at break was 800%. This work highlights new possibilities for the utilization of alkali lignin.

关键词： lignin     TiO2     nanocomposite particle     polyurethane film    

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All-inorganic TiO/CsAgBiBr composite as highly efficient photocatalyst under visible light irradiation

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1925-1936 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2344-6

摘要： In recent years, limited photocatalysis efficiency and wide band gap have hindered the application of TiO2 in the field of photocatalysis. A leading star in photocatalysis has been revealed as lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double halide perovskite nanocrystals, owing to its strong visible light absorption and tunable band gap. In this work, this photocatalytic process was facilitated by a unique TiO2/Cs2AgBiBr6 composite, which was identified as an S-cheme heterojunction. TiO2/Cs2AgBiBr6 composite was investigated for its structure and photocatalytic behavior. The results showed that when the perovskite dosage is 40%, the photocatalytic rate of TiO2 could be boosted to 0.1369 min–1. This paper discusses and proposes the band gap matching, carrier separation, and photocatalytic mechanism of TiO2/Cs2AgBiBr6 composites, which will facilitate the generation of new ideas for improving TiO2’s photocatalytic performance.

关键词： Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystals     visible-light photocatalyst     Cs2AgBiBr6/TiO2 heterojunction    

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grown TiN/N-TiO composite for enhanced photocatalytic H evolution activity

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 721-731 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0766-8

摘要： Titanium nitride (TiN) decorated N-doped titania (N-TiO2) composite (TiN/N-TiO2) is fabricated via an in situ nitridation using a hydrothermally synthesized TiO2 and melamine (MA) as raw materials. After the optimization of the reaction condition, the resultant TiN/N-TiO2 composite delivers a hydrogen evolution activity of up to 703 μmol/h under the full spectrum irradiation of Xe-lamp, which is approximately 2.6 and 32.0 times more than that of TiO2 and TiN alone, respectively. To explore the underlying photocatalytic mechanism, the crystal phase, morphology, light absorption, energy band structure, element composition, and electrochemical behavior of the composite material are characterized and analyzed. The results indicate that the superior activity is mainly caused by the in situ formation of plasmonic TiN and N-TiO2 with intimate interface contact, which not only extends the spectral response range, but also accelerates the transfer and separation of the photoexcited hot charge carrier of TiN. The present study provides a fascinating approach to in situ forming nonmetallic plasmonic material/N-doped TiO2 composite photocatalysts for high-efficiency water splitting.

关键词： photocatalytic H2 evolution     TiN/N-TiO2 composite     plasmonic effect     in-situ nitridation    

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NO hydrogenation to NH over FeCu/TiO catalyst with improved activity

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1973-1985 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2364-2

摘要： Ammonia is crucial in industry and agriculture, but its production is hindered by environmental concerns and energy-intensive processes. Hence, developing an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst is imperative. In this study, we employed a straightforward and efficient impregnation technique to create various Cu-doped catalysts. Notably, the optimized 10Fe-8Cu/TiO2 catalyst exhibited exceptional catalytic performance in converting NO to NH3, achieving an NO conversion rate exceeding 80% and an NH3 selectivity exceeding 98% at atmospheric pressure and 350 °C. We employed in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and conducted density functional theory calculations to investigate the intermediates and subsequent adsorption. Our findings unequivocally demonstrate that Cu doping enhances the rate-limiting hydrogenation step and lowers the energy barrier for NH3 desorption, thereby resulting in improved NO conversion and enhanced selectivity toward ammonia. This study presents a pioneering approach toward energy-efficient ammonia synthesis and recycling of nitrogen sources.

关键词： NO hydrogenation     synthetic ammonia     10Fe-xCu/TiO2     high selectivity    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Waste Light-Emitting Diode Under Hydrothermal Condition: Plastic Package Degradation, Speciation of Nano-TiO2

Yongliang Zhang,Lu Zhan,Zhenming Xu,

期刊论文

Understanding the role of nano-TiO on the toxicity of Pb on through modeling–Is it additive or synergistic

期刊论文

Synthesis of TiO2 nano-particles and their photocatalytic activity for formaldehyde and methyl orange

XIAO Xinyan, ZHANG Huiping, CHEN Huanqin, LIAO Dongliang

期刊论文

Interactions between nano-TiO

Mingyu LIN,Yao Hsiang TSENG,Chin-Pao HUANG

期刊论文

metabolic mechanism of promoted rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth by TiO2 nanoparticles

Yingdan Zhang, Na Liu, Wei Wang, Jianteng Sun, Lizhong Zhu

期刊论文

Effect of TiO 2 loading on the activity of V/TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 in the catalytic oxidehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

Xiaohong LI, Wenying LI,

期刊论文

Interfacial charge transfer and photocatalytic activity in a reverse designed BiO/TiO core-shell

期刊论文

Solar photocatalytic decomposition of two azo dyes on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/TiO 2 composites

Huilong WANG, Shuqin LIU, Hui WANG, Wenfeng JIANG,

期刊论文

Preparation and characterization of SO42-/TiO2 and S2O82-/TiO2 catalysts

MA Xuedan, GUO Daishi, JIANG Qizhong, MA Zifeng, MA Zhengfei, YE Weidong, LI Chunbo

期刊论文

Preparation and characterization of poly (vinylidene fluoride)/TiO

Weiying LI, Xiuli SUN, Chen WEN, Hui LU, Zhiwei WANG

期刊论文

Plasmonic Au nanoparticles supported on both sides of TiO2 hollow spheres for maximising photocatalytic

Jianwei Lu, Lan Lan, Xiaoteng Terence Liu, Na Wang, Xiaolei Fan

期刊论文

Preparation of lignin/TiO2 nanocomposites and their application in aqueous polyurethane coatings

Dongjie Yang, Shengyu Wang, Ruisheng Zhong, Weifeng Liu, Xueqing Qiu

期刊论文

All-inorganic TiO/CsAgBiBr composite as highly efficient photocatalyst under visible light irradiation

期刊论文

grown TiN/N-TiO composite for enhanced photocatalytic H evolution activity

期刊论文

NO hydrogenation to NH over FeCu/TiO catalyst with improved activity

期刊论文