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Sustainable intensification of African agriculture: a necessity, but not yet a reality

Bruno GÉRARD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 383-389 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020361

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高速公路采用ITS的必要性

宋科,邵培基

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第12期页码 77-79

摘要：

交通是国民经济的基础产业，是社会发展和人民生活水平提高的基本条件。交通运输的发达程度是衡量一个国家现代化程度的标志之一。随着高速公路建设的发展，如何高效、安全地使用高速公路成为亟待研究的问题。单纯地依靠修建更多的道路、扩大路网规模，已不能解决日益增长的交通需求；运用高新技术，如现代信息与通讯技术等手段，来改造现有的道路运输系统及其管理体系，可以大幅度地提高路网的通行能力和服务质量。智能交通系统（ITS）是交通运输发展的方向，也是解决交通运输瓶颈的重要措施。文章通过详细的数据，首先分析了我国高速公路发展的现状，然后分析了国外高速公路建设的经验，最后以四川省联网收费项目为例，阐述了中国高速公路发展对智能交通系统的需求。

关键词：高速公路智能交通系统必要性

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from aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) to improve fresh MSW incineration in Shanghai: Investigation of necessity

Dezhen CHEN, Zhenzhen GUAN, Guangyu LIU, Tong ZHU, Gongming ZHOU,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 235-243 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0016-5

摘要： Aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) excavated from landfills and dumpsites were characterized to analyze their fraction composition, moisture content, and lower heat value (LHV). The necessity and feasibility of recycling combustibles from aged MSW to improve the incineration of fresh MSW were investigated. The results showed that combustibles in aged MSW were easily separated from other components and than LHV of the separated combustibles are higher than 11000 kJ/kg. The fresh MSW are of high moisture contents with average LHV below 6500 kJ/kg, making their stable combustion difficult to maintain in MSW incinerators. For both fresh MSW and aged MSW, plastics are the main contributor to their LHV. To improve incineration of fresh MSW that are characterized with low LHV, combustibles separated from aged MSW were made into refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellets and were then added to fresh MSW by 2% wt.– 5% wt. LHV variation and air supply resistance change of the MSW layer on the incinerator grate caused by the addition of RDF was checked, and no significant changes were found. No obvious difference was observed for the ‘burn-out time’ between RDF pellets and fresh MSW either. RDF made from aged MSW combustibles is found to be a promising auxiliary fuel to improve the incineration of fresh MSW, and aged MSW from old landfill cells and dumpsites can be finally disposed of jointly with fresh MSW by recycling combustible from the former to be co-incinerated with the latter in the incineration plants.

关键词： aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) fresh MSW lower heat value (LHV) combustibles refuse derived fuel (RDF) incineration

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Design of damping valve for vehicle hydro pneumatic suspension

DONG Mingming, HUANG Hua, GU Lian

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第1期页码 97-100 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0014-5

摘要： According to the design features of a hydro pneumatic spring, the necessity of a separate damping valve is proposed. Based on a 1/4 vehicle linear suspension model, the optimum damping coefficient is worked out and the parameters of the damping valve are determined with the equivalent linearization method. A practical structure of the damping valve is proposed having a small size, high flowrate when the valve opens, and the ability of enduring high back pressure. Based on bench tests, the damping valve has been found to properly work and be suitable. The design method and damping valve structure are useful guides for hydro pneumatic suspension, especially for the design of heavy-duty vehicles.

关键词： ability pneumatic necessity flowrate equivalent linearization

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我国设立法医局的必要性及其管理模式

宋随民,马春玲,李淑瑾,丛斌

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第4期页码 154-160 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.04.022

摘要：

深化司法体制改革，健全统一司法鉴定管理体制是推进全面依法治国的重要组成部分。理顺法医鉴定管理制度是完善统一司法鉴定管理体制的重中之重。本文通过国内外法医鉴定管理制度比较，分析了我国法医鉴定领域管理部门分散、执业环境过度市场化、区域发展失衡、科研力量分散等弊端，探讨了我国成立法医局管理模式的可行性和必要性。研究阐述了法医局的运行和职责定位，认为应充分整合我国现有的各部门法医学资源，发挥现有的法医学专业人才力量，建立统一的、独立于公检法系统的国家级、省级、地市级三级法医局，不断提高法医鉴定权威性和公信力；建议由法医局承担司法鉴定、科学研究、职称评定、人才培养等职责，负责制定法医鉴定技术标准和工作指南。

关键词：司法鉴定管理法医局管理模式社会治理

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Necessity of integrated methodology for hazard mitigation of quake lakes: case study of the Wenchuan

Xudong FU, Fan LIU, Guangqian WANG, Wenjie XU, Jianxin ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 1-10 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0099-5

摘要： The massive 8.0-magnitude Wenchuan Earthquake triggered huge landslides, avalanches, and debris flows that blocked rivers and created 34 important quake lakes, including the Tangjiashan Quake Lake on the Tongkou River. More than half of these lakes were identified to be of moderate or high hazard levels, so activities needed to be undertaken for hazard mitigation of potential flooding. This paper presents the mitigation processes of quake lake hazards, which involve various techniques such as rapid hazard analysis, scenario-based mitigation planning, and real-time forecasting of outburst flooding for implementation actions. The shortage of hydrologic and geological data and the nature of emergency situations raise substantial challenges in the hazard mitigation of quake lakes. This paper suggests a potential approach in dealing with quake lake hazards, which integrates the automatic monitoring network, hydrologic models, and hydrodynamic models with a comprehensive indicator for hazard levels. The necessity of improving the integrated methodology is highlighted.

关键词： quake lake hazard mitigation dam failure emergency Tangjiashan

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《网络安全法（草案二次审议稿）》第27条修改建议——以网络服务提供者协助解密义务为中心

崔聪聪,李欲晓,韩松

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 34-38 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.007

摘要：

网络服务提供者协助解密义务，隐含着公权力（侦查权）与私权利（通信秘密权、隐私权）之间的冲突。用户的非公开信息应该在可控、可追溯基础上，遵循必要性原则和比例原则，综合考虑执法成本，司法机关经由法律确定网络服务提供者履行协助解密义务获取，进而达到社会治理管控、公众安宁生活与网络服务提供者营业自由的综合效益最大化目标，避免落入公权力严重侵犯私权利的情形或者出现政府失效的无序状态。

关键词：协助解密义务必要性原则比例原则可控、可追溯救济措施