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The diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere: effects of legume intercropping and crop growth stage

Yadong YANG, Xiaomin FENG, Yuegao HU, Zhaohai ZENG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 162-171 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018212

摘要:

In this study, the abundance, diversity and structure of the diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere soil in three cropping systems and at two oat growth stages were investigated using real-time PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The gene abundance in oat-soybean intercropping (OSO) and oat-mungbean intercropping (OMO) was significantly greater than that in sole oat (O), but the gene abundance significantly decreased at the later stage in all the treatments. Alpha diversity indices in OSO and OMO were higher at the heading stage, but lower at the maturity stage than that in O. and were the dominant genera identified in all samples, with an average proportion of 35.8% and 12.4%, respectively. The proportion of dominant genera showed significant differences and varied with cropping system and growth stage. Principal component analysis showed that growth stage had a stronger effect than intercropping on the diazotrophic community structure. However, Mantel test and redundancy analysis showed there was no environmental factor significantly correlated to the diazotrophic community structure. Our results demonstrate that intercropping had a weaker effect than growth stage on the abundance, diversity and structure of the diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere soil.

关键词: community composition     Illumina MiSeq sequencing     nifH gene     oat-legume intercropping     rhizosphere soil    

人类遗传病的家系收集疾病基因定位克隆与疾病基因功能的研究

夏家辉

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第11期   页码 1-11

摘要:

介绍了中国医学遗传学国家重点实验室在遗传病家系收集、疾病基因定位、疾病基因克隆和疾病基因功能研究方面的研究工作。用细胞遗传学G显带技术于1975年发现了一条与鼻咽癌相关的标记染色体t(1;3)(q44;p11);1981年将睾丸决定基因(TDF)定位于Yp11.32带;1991年以来收集遗传病家系345种共590个;1996年用显微切割、PCR、微克隆技术克隆了EXT2基因;1998年用基因家族-候选疾病基因克隆方法克隆了遗传性神经性耳聋基因GJB3;1999年用连锁分析和全基因组扫描将一种遗传性弥漫性浅表性光敏性汗孔角化症定位于12q23.2带,并在基因功能研究中发现了一个新的细胞内转运蛋白。

关键词: 遗传病家系     基因定位和克隆     基因家族-候选疾病基因克隆     基因组扫描     基因功能研究    

Molecular engineering of dendrimer nanovectors for siRNA delivery and gene silencing

Yu Cao, Xiaoxuan Liu, Ling Peng

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 663-675 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1623-5

摘要: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics hold great promise to treat a variety of diseases, as long as they can be delivered safely and effectively into cells. Dendrimers are appealing vectors for siRNA delivery by virtue of their well-defined molecular architecture and multivalent cooperativity. However, the clinical translation of RNA therapeutics mediated by dendrimer delivery is hampered by the lack of dendrimers that are of high quality to meet good manufacturing practice standard. In this context, we have developed small amphiphilic dendrimers that self-assemble into supramolecular structures, which mimic high-generation dendrimers synthesized with covalent construction, yet are easy to produce in large amount and superior quality. Indeed, the concept of supramolecular dendrimers has proved to be very promising, and has opened up a new avenue for dendrimer-mediated siRNA delivery. A series of self-assembling supramolecular dendrimers have consequently been established, some of them out-performing the currently available nonviral vectors in delivering siRNA to various cell types and , including human primary cells and stem cells. This short review presents a brief introduction to RNAi therapeutics, the obstacles to their delivery and the advantages of dendrimer delivery vectors as well as our bio-inspired structurally flexible dendrimers for siRNA delivery. We then highlight our efforts in creating self-assembling amphiphilic dendrimers to construct supramolecular dendrimer nanosystems for effective siRNA delivery as well as the related structural alterations to enhance delivery efficiency. The advent of self-assembling supramolecular dendrimer nanovectors holds great promise and heralds a new era of dendrimer-mediated delivery of RNA therapeutics in biomedical applications.

关键词: gene therapy     RNAi therapeutics     dendrimer     nanovectors     gene silencing    

The antibiotic resistome: gene flow in environments, animals and human beings

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 161-168 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0531-x

摘要:

The antibiotic resistance is natural in bacteria and predates the human use of antibiotics. Numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been discovered to confer resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. The ARGs in natural environments are highly integrated and tightly regulated in specific bacterial metabolic networks. However, the antibiotic selection pressure conferred by the use of antibiotics in both human medicine and agriculture practice leads to a significant increase of antibiotic resistance and a steady accumulation of ARGs in bacteria. In this review, we summarized, with an emphasis on an ecological point of view, the important research progress regarding the collective ARGs (antibiotic resistome) in bacterial communities of natural environments, human and animals, i.e., in the one health settings. We propose that the resistance gene flow in nature is “from the natural environments” and “to the natural environments”; human and animals, as intermediate recipients and disseminators, contribute greatly to such a resistance gene “circulation.”

关键词: antibiotic resistance     resistome     microbiome     gene flow    

Reflections on the system of evaluation of gene-edited livestock

Ziyao FAN, Tianwen WU, Kui WU, Yulian MU, Kui LI

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第2期   页码 211-217 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019303

摘要:

The rapid development of biotechnology has provided a greater understanding of the biological functions of major candidate genes that have important functions regarding economic traits, and new materials for livestock breeding have been obtained through gene editing (GE) and embryo manipulation with the purpose of improving quality and output and reducing the costs and risk of disease. Public concerns, particularly over safety risks and production performance, must be addressed. Evaluation is the most important component of the regulation of gene-edited livestock and is a crucial guarantee of public safety before the marketing of gene-edited animal products. Here, the system of evaluation of gene-edited livestock is discussed in terms of public safety and production performance. The search for safe and ethical applications in the GE of livestock, a case-by-case evaluation strategy, and classification and simplification are used in order to promote a more efficient, objective, comprehensive and operable evaluation system.

关键词: evaluation     gene editing     livestock     performance     safety    

Distinct gene expression pattern of mutations coordinated by target repression and promoter hypermethylation

《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 627-636 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0815-4

摘要: Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) is an essential regulator of normal hematopoiesis. Its dysfunction, caused by either fusions or mutations, is frequently reported in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, RUNX1 mutations have been largely under-explored compared with RUNX1 fusions mainly due to their elusive genetic characteristics. Here, based on 1741 patients with AML, we report a unique expression pattern associated with RUNX1 mutations in AML. This expression pattern was coordinated by target repression and promoter hypermethylation. We first reanalyzed a joint AML cohort that consisted of three public cohorts and found that RUNX1 mutations were mainly distributed in the Runt domain and almost mutually exclusive with NPM1 mutations. Then, based on RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas AML cohort, we developed a 300-gene signature that significantly distinguished the patients with RUNX1 mutations from those with other AML subtypes. Furthermore, we explored the mechanisms underlying this signature from the transcriptional and epigenetic levels. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data, we found that RUNX1 target genes tended to be repressed in patients with RUNX1 mutations. Through the integration of DNA methylation array data, we illustrated that hypermethylation on the promoter regions of RUNX1-regulated genes also contributed to dysregulation in RUNX1-mutated AML. This study revealed the distinct gene expression pattern of RUNX1 mutations and the underlying mechanisms in AML development.

关键词: RUNX1     gene mutation     acute myeloid leukemia     transcriptional repression     DNA methylation    

Construction of lentiviral vector carrying Rab9 gene and its expression in mouse brain

Youguo HAO, Min ZHANG, Jinzhi XU, Bitao BU, Jiajun WEI

《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 141-147 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0041-6

摘要: Rab proteins and their effectors facilitate vesicular transport by tethering donor vesicles to their respective target membranes. Rab9 mediates late endosome-to- -Golgi-network trafficking. To explore the possibility of Rab9-related gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, we packed Lentivirus encoding Rab9. The expressing plasmid pCDH1-MCF1-Rab9-EF1-copGFP was constructed by using molecular biological techniques. The Lentivirus encoding Rab9 cDNA was packed by Lifectamine-2000 mediated co-transfection of the plasmid pPACKH1- , pPACKH1- and pVSV- into 293T cells. DNA sequencing proved the successful construction of pCDH1-MCF1-Rab9-EF1-copGFP. After 72 hours, the expression of GFP could be detected in BV-2 cells. Western blotting revealed that the Rab9 gene expression in BALB/c mice brain was up-regulated significantly 4 weeks after injection with Lentivirus encoding Rab9, which evidenced a satisfactory increasing effect of this virus. Administration of Lenti-Rab9 to postnatal day 3 Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) mice reduced motor defects and prevented the weight loss associated with female NPC mice, as well as modulating the death rate of Purkinje neurons. It is concluded that the packaging of Lentivirus encoding Rab9 was successful. Lentivirus encoding Rab9 can increase the expression of Rab9 gene effectively, which might offer a novel means for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词: Rab9     lentivirus     gene therapy     gene transfer    

Gene delivery into isolated

Nan Zheng, Ziyuan Song, Yang Liu, Lichen Yin, Jianjun Cheng

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 521-528 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1612-8

摘要: The application of gene delivery materials has been mainly focused on mammalian cells while rarely extended to plant engineering. Cationic polymers and lipids have been widely utilized to efficiently deliver DNA and siRNA into mammalian cells. However, their application in plant cells is limited due to the different membrane structures and the presence of plant cell walls. In this study, we developed the cationic, -helical polypeptide that can effectively deliver DNA into both isolated protoplasts and intact leaves. The PPABLG was able to condense DNA to form nanocomplexes, and they exhibited significantly improved transfection efficiencies compared with commercial transfection reagent Lipofectamine 2000 and classical cell penetrating peptides such as poly(L-lysine), HIV-TAT, arginine9, and poly(L-arginine). This study therefore widens the utilities of helical polypeptide as a unique category of gene delivery materials, and may find their promising applications toward plant gene delivery.

关键词: α-helical polypeptide     plant gene delivery     protoplast     intact leaves     transfection    

Profiling influences of gene overexpression on heterologous resveratrol production in

Duo Liu,Bingzhi Li,Hong Liu,Xuejiao Guo,Yingjin Yuan

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 117-125 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1601-3

摘要: Metabolic engineering of heterologous resveratrol production in faces challenges as the precursor L-tyrosine is stringently regulated by a complex biosynthetic system. We overexpressed the main gene targets in the upstream pathways to investigate their influences on the downstream resveratrol production. Single-gene overexpression and DNA assembly-directed multigene overexpression affect the production of resveratrol as well as its precursor -coumaric acid. Finally, the collaboration of selected gene targets leads to an optimal resveratrol production of 66.14±3.74 mg·L , 2.27 times higher than the initial production in YPD medium (4% glucose). The newly discovered gene targets expressing phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase, expressing 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase, and expressing 4-coumaryl-CoA ligase show notable positive impacts on resveratrol production in .

关键词: resveratrol     aromatic amino acid     DNA assembly     metabolic engineering     gene overexpression    

Stem cell gene therapy: the risks of insertional mutagenesis and approaches to minimize genotoxicity

Chuanfeng Wu, Cynthia E. Dunbar

《医学前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 356-371 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0159-1

摘要: Virus-based vectors are widely used in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy, and have the ability to integrate permanently into genomic DNA, thus driving long-term expression of corrective genes in all hematopoietic lineages. To date, HSC gene therapy has been successfully employed in the clinic for improving clinical outcomes in small numbers of patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA-SCID), adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), thalassemia, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). However, adverse events were observed during some of these HSC gene therapy clinical trials, linked to insertional activation of proto-oncogenes by integrated proviral vectors leading to clonal expansion and eventual development of leukemia. Numerous studies have been performed to understand the molecular basis of vector-mediated genotoxicity, with the aim of developing safer vectors and lower-risk gene therapy protocols. This review will summarize current information on the mechanisms of insertional mutagenesis in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells due to integrating gene transfer vectors, discuss the available assays for predicting genotoxicity and mapping vector integration sites, and introduce newly-developed approaches for minimizing genotoxicity as a way to further move HSC gene therapy forward into broader clinical application.

关键词: gene therapy     hematopoietic stem cells     insertional mutagenesis     genotoxicity     induced pluripotent stem cell    

Optimized human factor IX expression cassettes for hepatic-directed gene therapy of hemophilia B

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 90-99 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0390-2

摘要:

Gene therapy provides a potential cure for hemophilia B, and significant progress has been achieved in liver-directed gene transfer mediated by adeno-associated viral vectors. Recent clinical trials involving the use of a self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype 8-human codon-optimized factor IX (AAV8-hFIXco) vector demonstrated encouraging efficacy with hFIX expression stabilized at 1% to 6% of normal level in patients, but safety concerns related to high vector doses are still present. Thus, further improvement of AAV vectors and hFIX expression cassette may positively contribute to the ultimate success of hemophilia B gene therapy. In this study, to obtain a higher expression level of hFIX that potentiates the coagulant capacity of recipients, human FIX expression vector was optimized by upgrading the codon adaption index and adjusting the GC content, inserting a Kozak sequence (GCCACC), and introducing a gain-of-function mutation, R338L (FIX Padua). The efficiency of the published and the presently constructed cassettes was compared through in vivo screening. In addition, the regulatory elements that control the FIX gene expression in these cassettes were screened for liver-specific effectiveness. Among all the constructed cassettes, scAAV-Pre-hFIXco-SIH-R338L, which was the construct under the control of the prothrombin enhancer and prealbumin promoter, resulted in the highest level of coagulant activity, and the expression levels of two constructed cassettes (scAAV-Chi-hFIXco-SIH-R338L and scAAV-Pre-hFIXco-SIH-R338L) were also higher than that of the published cassette (scAAV-LP1-hFIXco-SJ). In summary, our strategies led to a substantial increase in hFIX expression at the protein level or a remarkably elevated coagulant activity. Thus, these reconstructs of hFIX with AAV vector may potentially contribute to the creation of an efficacious gene therapy of hemophilia B.

关键词: factor IX     hemophilia B     liver-specific regulatory elements     hydrodynamic gene transfer    

Identification of cancer gene fusions based on advanced analysis of the human genome or transcriptome

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 280-289 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0265-3

摘要:

Many gene fusions have been recognized as important diagnostic and/or prognostic markers in human malignancies. In recent years, novel gene fusions have been identified in cases without prior knowledge of the genetic background. Accompanied by a powerful computational data analysis method, new genome-wide screening approaches were used to detect cryptic genomic aberrations. This review focused on advanced genome-wide screening approaches in fusion gene identification, such as microarray-based approaches, next-generation sequencing, and NanoString nCounter gene expression system. The fundamental rationale and strategy for fusion gene identification using each biotech platform are also discussed.

关键词: gene fusion     cancer     microarray     next-generation sequencing     NanoString nCounter system    

Potential functions of esophageal cancer-related gene-4 in the cardiovascular system

Rui Zhou, Yuanshu Liu, Wenjun Huang, Xitong Dang

《医学前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第6期   页码 639-645 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0701-0

摘要: Esophageal cancer-related gene-4 ( ) is cloned from the normal epithelium of the esophagus. It is constitutively expressed in quiescent epithelial cells and downregulated during tumorigenesis, and expression levels are inversely correlated with the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, validating that is a real tumor suppressor gene. Unlike other tumor suppressor genes that usually encode membrane or intracellular proteins, encodes a 148-amino acid pre-pro-peptide that is tethered on the cell surface in epithelial cells, specialized epithelial cells, and human leukocytes, where it can be processed tissue dependently into several small peptides upon cell activation. Ecrg4 is expressed in a wide variety of other cells/tissues, including cardiomyocytes and conduction system of the heart,, the glomus cells of the carotid body, adrenal glands, choroid plexus, and leukocytes among others, where it exerts distinct functions, such as promoting/suppressing inflammation, inducing neuron senescence, stimulating the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, maintaining the stemness of stem cells, participating in the rhythm and rate control of the heart, and possibly gauging the responsiveness of the cardiovascular system (CVS) to hypoxia, in addition to tumor suppression. Here, we briefly review the latest discoveries on Ecrg4 and its underlying molecular mechanisms as a tumor suppressor and focus on the emerging roles of Ecrg4 in the CVS.

关键词: tumor suppressor gene     esophageal cancer-related gene-4     cardiovascular disease     hypoxia    

Effect of salinity on community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene diversity of a halophilic

Tingting Fang, Ruisong Pan, Jing Jiang, Fen He, Hui Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0888-0

摘要: Various salinities affected the PAH-biodegrading community structure. Various salinities affected the growth of strains with different salt tolerance. The two genes belonged to a new divergent cluster of the known -like genes. The two main genes had correlations with the phenanthrene degradation. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of salinity on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation, community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene ( ) diversity of a halophilic bacterial consortium with the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach. The consortium was developed from oil-contaminated saline soil after enrichment for six times, using phenanthrene as the substrate. The prominent species in the bacterial consortium at all salinities were identified as halophilic bacteria , , , , and uncultured bacteria. The predominant microbes gradually changed associating with the saline concentration fluctuations ranging from 0.1% to 25% (w/v). Two alpha subunits were dominant at salinities ranging from 0.1% to 20%, while not been clearly detected at 25% salinity. Consistently, the biodegradation occurred at salinities ranging from 0.1% to 20%, while no at 25% salinity, suggesting the two genes played an important role in the degradation. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that both of the two alpha subunits were related to the classic -like gene from AN10 and PaK1, while one with identity of about 82% and the other one with identity of 90% at amino acid sequence level. We concluded that salinity greatly affected halophilic bacterial community structure and also the functional genes which were more related to biodegradation.

关键词: Phenanthrene     Halophilic bacteria     Gene diversity     Naphthalene dioxygenase genes    

Regulation of exogenous bFGF gene mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus

Ke SONG, Nianjing RAO, Meiling CHEN, Yingguang CAO

《医学前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 158-163 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0042-5

摘要: The regulatory effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) was investigated. Recombinant plasmid pAAV-S3-bFGF, and pSVneo were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells, then the recombinant AAV genome was replicated and packaged with the helper virus HSV1-rc/ΔUL2. The titer of the recombinant rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF was determined by dot-blot assay. MC3T3-E1 cells were infected with rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF. Regulatory effects of Doxycycline (Dox) on bFGF and osteogenic factors were assayed quantitatively by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The physical particle titer of rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF successfully constructed was 1.8×10 vector genomes/mL, and the virus could infect MC3T3-E1 cells effectively. In MC3T3-E1 cells treated with Dox, the expression levels of exogenous bFGF and osteogenic factors declined to varying degrees. It was concluded that rAAV2-tet-off-bFGF could infect MC3T3 cells efficiently, and this recombinant system could be regulated successfully by Dox .

关键词: tetracycline regulatory system     adeno-associated virus     basic fibroblast growth factor     gene regulation    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

The diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere: effects of legume intercropping and crop growth stage

Yadong YANG, Xiaomin FENG, Yuegao HU, Zhaohai ZENG

期刊论文

人类遗传病的家系收集疾病基因定位克隆与疾病基因功能的研究

夏家辉

期刊论文

Molecular engineering of dendrimer nanovectors for siRNA delivery and gene silencing

Yu Cao, Xiaoxuan Liu, Ling Peng

期刊论文

The antibiotic resistome: gene flow in environments, animals and human beings

null

期刊论文

Reflections on the system of evaluation of gene-edited livestock

Ziyao FAN, Tianwen WU, Kui WU, Yulian MU, Kui LI

期刊论文

Distinct gene expression pattern of mutations coordinated by target repression and promoter hypermethylation

期刊论文

Construction of lentiviral vector carrying Rab9 gene and its expression in mouse brain

Youguo HAO, Min ZHANG, Jinzhi XU, Bitao BU, Jiajun WEI

期刊论文

Gene delivery into isolated

Nan Zheng, Ziyuan Song, Yang Liu, Lichen Yin, Jianjun Cheng

期刊论文

Profiling influences of gene overexpression on heterologous resveratrol production in

Duo Liu,Bingzhi Li,Hong Liu,Xuejiao Guo,Yingjin Yuan

期刊论文

Stem cell gene therapy: the risks of insertional mutagenesis and approaches to minimize genotoxicity

Chuanfeng Wu, Cynthia E. Dunbar

期刊论文

Optimized human factor IX expression cassettes for hepatic-directed gene therapy of hemophilia B

null

期刊论文

Identification of cancer gene fusions based on advanced analysis of the human genome or transcriptome

null

期刊论文

Potential functions of esophageal cancer-related gene-4 in the cardiovascular system

Rui Zhou, Yuanshu Liu, Wenjun Huang, Xitong Dang

期刊论文

Effect of salinity on community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene diversity of a halophilic

Tingting Fang, Ruisong Pan, Jing Jiang, Fen He, Hui Wang

期刊论文

Regulation of exogenous bFGF gene mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus

Ke SONG, Nianjing RAO, Meiling CHEN, Yingguang CAO

期刊论文