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The diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere: effects of legume intercropping and crop growth stage

Yadong YANG, Xiaomin FENG, Yuegao HU, Zhaohai ZENG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 162-171 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018212

摘要:

In this study, the abundance, diversity and structure of the diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere soil in three cropping systems and at two oat growth stages were investigated using real-time PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The gene abundance in oat-soybean intercropping (OSO) and oat-mungbean intercropping (OMO) was significantly greater than that in sole oat (O), but the gene abundance significantly decreased at the later stage in all the treatments. Alpha diversity indices in OSO and OMO were higher at the heading stage, but lower at the maturity stage than that in O. and were the dominant genera identified in all samples, with an average proportion of 35.8% and 12.4%, respectively. The proportion of dominant genera showed significant differences and varied with cropping system and growth stage. Principal component analysis showed that growth stage had a stronger effect than intercropping on the diazotrophic community structure. However, Mantel test and redundancy analysis showed there was no environmental factor significantly correlated to the diazotrophic community structure. Our results demonstrate that intercropping had a weaker effect than growth stage on the abundance, diversity and structure of the diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere soil.

关键词: community composition     Illumina MiSeq sequencing     nifH gene     oat-legume intercropping     rhizosphere soil    

Decontamination efficiency and root structure change in the plant-intercropping model in vertical-flow

Yonghua CHEN, Xiaofu WU, Mingli CHEN, Kelin LI, Jing PENG, Peng ZHAN

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 906-912 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0579-z

摘要: Subtropical climatic conditions can contribute to the death of the aerial parts of constructed wetland plants in winter. This presents a barrier to the widespread application of constructed wetland and is an issue that urgently needs to be solved. Three contrasting experiments, the plant-intercropping model (A), the warm-seasonal plant model (B), and the non-plant model (C), were studied in terms of their efficiency in removing pollutants, and the change in root structure of plants in the plant-intercropping model within the vertical-flow constructed wetlands. The results indicate that model A was able to solve the aforementioned problem. Overall, average removal rates of three pollutants (COD , total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP)) using model A were significantly higher than those obtained using models B and C ( <0.01). Moreover, no significant differences in removal rates of the three pollutants were detected between A and B during the higher temperature part of the year ( >0.05). Conversely, removal rates of the three pollutants were found to be significantly higher using model A than those observed using model B during the lower temperature part of the year ( <0.01). Furthermore, the morphologies and internal structures of plant roots further demonstrate that numerous white roots, whose distribution in soil was generally shallow, extend further under model A. The roots of these aquatic plants have an aerenchyma structure composed of parenchyma cells, therefore, roots of the cold-seasonal plants with major growth advantages used in A were capable of creating a more favorable vertical-flow constructed wetlands media-microenvironment. In conclusion, the plant-intercropping model (A) is more suitable for use in the cold environment experienced by constructed wetland during winter.

关键词: vertical-flow constructed wetlands     plant intercropping model     warm seasonal plant model    

Achieving food security and high production of bioenergy crops through intercropping with efficient resource

Yuanmei ZUO,Zhenjiao ZHANG,Caihong LIU,Weina ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 134-143 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015069

摘要: With high rates of food and nonrenewable fossil fuel consumption worldwide, we are facing great challenges in ensuring food and energy security to satisfy the world population. Intercropping, as an important and sustainable cropping practice in agroecosystems, has been widely practiced around the world. Many studies have shown that some plants can deliver high yields when intercropped with other plants. Here, we review the biological mechanisms in improving resource utilization efficiency and illustrate the practical application of intercropping in ensuring food and energy security through improving production. Identifying suitable energy plants for marginal land, land not suitable for food crops growth, is an effective strategy to acquire high production of bioenergy, thus removing competition between the use of land for food and energy. The effective application of intercropping provides a potential pathway for production of food crops and energy plants by improving resource use efficiency and resistance to environmental stress.

关键词: intercropping     food security     energy security     high production     marginal land    

AGRONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REINTRODUCING HERB- AND LEGUME-RICH MULTISPECIES LEYS INTO ARABLE

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 245-271 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021439

摘要:

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent decline of mixed farming systems has led to an increase in continuous cropping with only a few fallow or break years, undermining global soil health. Arable-ley rotations incorporating temporary pastures (leys) lasting 1–4 years may alleviate soil degradation by building soil fertility and improving soil structure. However, the majority of previous research on arable-ley rotations has utilized either grass or grass-clover leys within ungrazed systems. Multispecies leys, containing a mix of grasses, legumes, and herbs, are rapidly gaining popularity due to their promotion in agri-environment schemes and potential to deliver greater ecosystem services than conventional grass or grass-clover leys. Livestock grazing in arable-ley rotations may increase the economic resilience of these systems, despite limited research of the effects of multispecies leys on ruminant health and greenhouse gas emissions. This review aims to evaluate previous research on multispecies leys, highlighting areas for future research and the potential benefits and disbenefits on soil quality and livestock productivity. The botanical composition of multispecies leys is crucial, as legumes, deep rooted perennial plants (e.g., Onobrychis viciifolia and Cichorium intybus) and herbs (e.g., Plantago lanceolata) can increase soil carbon, improve soil structure, reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements, and promote the recovery of soil fauna (e.g., earthworms) in degraded arable soils while delivering additional environmental benefits (e.g., biological nitrification inhibition and enteric methane reduction). Multispecies leys have the potential to deliver biologically driven regenerative agriculture, but more long-term research is needed to underpin evidence-based policy and farmer guidance.

关键词: bioactive forages / integrated crop-livestock systems / nitrogen cycling / plant secondary metabolites / soil carbon / soil quality    

INTERCROPPING: FEED MORE PEOPLE AND BUILD MORE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 373-386 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021398

摘要:

Intercropping is a traditional farming system that increases crop diversity to strengthen agroecosystem functions while decreasing chemical inputs and minimizing negative environmental effects of crop production. Intercropping is currently considerable interest because of its importance in sustainable agriculture. Here, we synthesize the factors that make intercropping a sustainable means of food production by integrating biodiversity of natural ecosystems and crop diversity. In addition to well-known yield increases, intercropping can also increase yield stability over the long term and increase systemic resistance to plant diseases, pests and other unfavorable factors (e.g. nutrient deficiencies). The efficient use of resources can save mineral fertilizer inputs, reduce environmental pollution risks and greenhouse gas emissions caused by agriculture, thus mitigating global climate change. Intercropping potentially increases above- and below-ground biodiversity of various taxa at field scale, consequently it enhances ecosystem services. Complementarity and selection effects allow a better understanding the mechanisms behind enhanced ecosystem functioning. The development of mechanization is essential for large-scale application of intercropping. Agroecosystem multifunctionality and soil health should be priority topics in future research on intercropping.

 

关键词: agroecosystems , crop diversity ,intercropping,interspecific interactions,sustainable agriculture    

INTERCROPPING TEA PLANTATIONS WITH SOYBEAN AND RAPESEED ENHANCES NITROGEN FIXATION THROUGH SHIFTS IN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 344-355 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022451

摘要:

● Intercropping change soil bacterial communities in tea plantations.

关键词: intercropping     rapeseed     soil microbe     soybean     tea garden    

SUSTAINABLE SUGARCANE CROPPING IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 272-283 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022442

摘要:

Demand for sugar is projected to grow in China for the foreseeable future. However, sugarcane production is unlikely to increase due to increasing production cost and decreasing profit margin. The persisting sugarcane yield plateau and the current cropping system with fertilizer overuse, soil acidification and pests and diseases remain the major productivity constraints. Sugarcane agriculture supports the livelihood of about 28 million farmers in South China; hence, sustaining it is a socioeconomic imperative. More compellingly, to meet the ever-increasing Chinese market demand, annual sugar production must be increased from the current 10 Mt to 16 Mt by 2030 of which 80% to 90% comes from sugarcane. Therefore, increasing sugar yield and crop productivity in an environmentally sustainable way must be a priority. This review examines the current Chinese sugarcane production system and discuss options for its transition to a green, sustainable cropping system, which is vital for the long-term viability of the industry. This analysis shows that reducing chemical inputs, preventing soil degradation, improving soil health, managing water deficit, provision of clean planting material, and consolidation of small farm holdings are critical requirements to transform the current farming practices into an economically and environmentally sustainable sugarcane cropping system.

关键词: sustainable sugarcane cropping / soil health / rotation and intercropping / soil acidification    

LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 432-446 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021403

摘要:

Intercropping increases crop yields by optimizing light interception and/or use efficiency. Although intercropping combinations and metrics have been reported, the effects of plant density on light use are not well documented. Here, we examined the light interception and use efficiency in maize-peanut intercropping with different maize plant densities in two row configurations in semiarid dryland agriculture over a two-year period. The field experiment comprised four cropping systems, i.e. monocropped maize, monocropped peanut, maize-peanut intercropping with two rows of maize and four rows of peanut, intercropping with four rows of maize and four rows of peanut, and three maize plant densities (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 plants m−1 row) in both monocropped and intercropping maize. The mean total light interception in intercropping across years and densities was 779 MJ·m−2, 5.5% higher than in monocropped peanut (737 MJ·m−2) and 7.6% lower than in monocropped maize (843 MJ·m−2). Increasing maize density increased light interception in monocropped maize but did not affect the total light interception in the intercrops. Across years the LUE of maize was 2.9 g·MJ−1 and was not affected by cropping system but increased with maize plant density. The LUE of peanut was enhanced in intercropping, especially in a wetter year. The yield advantage of maize-peanut intercropping resulted mainly from the LUE of peanut. These results will help to optimize agronomic management and system design and provide evidence for system level light use efficiency in intercropping.

 

关键词: dryland agriculture     light interception     light use efficiency     maize-peanut intercropping     semiarid    

COMPARING PERFORMANCE OF CROP SPECIES MIXTURES AND PURE STANDS

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 481-489 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021413

摘要:

Intercropping is the planned cultivation of species mixtures on agricultural land. Intercropping has many attributes that make it attractive for developing a more sustainable agriculture, such as high yield, high resource use efficiency, lower input requirements, natural suppression of pests, pathogens and weeds, and building a soil with more organic carbon and nitrogen. Information is needed which species combinations perform best under different circumstances and which management is suitable to bring out the best from intercropping in a given production situation. The literature is replete with case studies on intercropping from across the globe, but evidence synthesis is needed to make this information accessible. Meta-analysis requires a careful choice of metric that is appropriate for answering the question at hand, and which lends itself for a robust meta-analysis. This paper reviews some metrics that may be used in the quantitative synthesis of literature data on intercropping.

 

关键词: intercropping     species mixtures     meta-analysis     metrics     indicators    

THE 4C APPROACH AS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND SPECIES INTERACTIONS DETERMINING INTERCROPPING PRODUCTIVITY

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 387-399 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021414

摘要:

Modern agriculture needs to develop transition pathways toward agroecological, resilient and sustainable farming systems. One key pathway for such agroecological intensification is the diversification of cropping systems using intercropping and notably cereal-grain legume mixtures. Such mixtures or intercrops have the potential to increase and stabilize yields and improve cereal grain protein concentration in comparison to sole crops. Species mixtures are complex and the 4C approach is both a pedagogical and scientific way to represent the combination of four joint effects of Competition, Complementarity, Cooperation, and Compensation as processes or effects occurring simultaneously and dynamically between species over the whole cropping cycle. Competition is when plants have fairly similar requirements for abiotic resources in space and time, the result of all processes that occur when one species has a greater ability to use limiting resources (e.g., nutrients, water, space, light) than others. Complementarity is when plants grown together have different requirements for abiotic resources in space, time or form. Cooperation is when the modification of the environment by one species is beneficial to the other(s). Compensation is when the failure of one species is compensated by the other(s) because they differ in their sensitivity to abiotic stress. The 4C approach allows to assess the performance of arable intercropping versus classical sole cropping through understanding the use of abiotic resources.

 

关键词: compensation     competition     complementarity     cooperation     interspecific interactions     land equivalent ratio     light     nutrients     species mixtures     water    

TRANSLATING THE MULTI-ACTOR APPROACH TO RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE USING A WORKSHOP APPROACH FOCUSING ON SPECIES MIXTURES

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 460-473 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021416

摘要:

The EIP-Agri multiactor approach was exemplified during a 3-day workshop with 63 project participants from the EU H2020 funded project “Redesigning European cropping systems based on species MIXtures”. The objective was to share firsthand experience of participatory research among researchers who were mostly not familiar with this approach. Workshop participants were divided into smaller multidisciplinary groups and given the opportunity to interact with representatives from eight actor positions in the value chain of the agrifood cooperative Terrena located in Western France. The four stages of the workshop were: (1) key actor interviews, (2) sharing proposed solutions for overcoming barriers, and (3) developing possible interdisciplinary concepts. Expressions of frustration were recorded serving both as a motivation for group members to become more aware of the scientific concerns and practices of their colleagues, as well as a recognition that some researchers have better skills integrating qualitative approaches than others. Nevertheless, the workshop format was an effective way to gain a common understanding of the pertinent issues that need to be addressed to meet overall multiactor-approach objectives. Working with the actor networks was identified and emphasized as a means to overcome existing barriers between academia and practice in order to coproduce a shared vision of the benefits of species mixture benefits.

 

关键词: agroecology     codesign     intercropping     knowledge sharing     participatory methods    

INTERCROPPING SUSTAINABLY INCREASES YIELDS AND SOIL FERTILITY

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 659-661 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021418

ENABLING CROP DIVERSIFICATION TO SUPPORT TRANSITIONS TOWARD MORE SUSTAINABLE EUROPEAN AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 474-480 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021406

摘要:

European cropping systems are often characterized by short rotations or even monocropping, leading to environmental issues such as soil degradation, water eutrophication, and air pollution including greenhouse gas emissions, that contribute to climate change and biodiversity loss. The use of diversification practices (i.e., intercropping, multiple cropping including cover cropping and rotation extension), may help enhance agrobiodiversity and deliver ecosystem services while developing new value chains. Despite its benefits, crop diversification is hindered by various technical, organizational, and institutional barriers along value chains (input industries, farms, trading and processing industries, retailers, and consumers) and within sociotechnical systems (policy, research, education, regulation and advisory). Six EU-funded research projects have joined forces to boost crop diversification by creating the European Crop Diversification Cluster (CDC). This Cluster aggregates research, innovation, commercial and citizen-focused partnerships to identify and remove barriers across the agrifood system and thus enables the uptake of diversification measures by all European value-chain stakeholders. The CDC will produce a typology of barriers, develop tools to accompany actors in their transition, harmonize the use of multicriteria assessment indicators, prepare policy recommendations and pave the way for a long-term network on crop diversification.

 

关键词: crop rotation     lock-in     intercropping     multiple cropping     networking    

Intercropping enables a sustainable intensification of agriculture

Wopke VAN DER WERF, Chunjie LI, Wen-Feng CONG, Fusuo ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 254-256 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020352

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

The diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere: effects of legume intercropping and crop growth stage

Yadong YANG, Xiaomin FENG, Yuegao HU, Zhaohai ZENG

期刊论文

Decontamination efficiency and root structure change in the plant-intercropping model in vertical-flow

Yonghua CHEN, Xiaofu WU, Mingli CHEN, Kelin LI, Jing PENG, Peng ZHAN

期刊论文

Achieving food security and high production of bioenergy crops through intercropping with efficient resource

Yuanmei ZUO,Zhenjiao ZHANG,Caihong LIU,Weina ZHANG

期刊论文

AGRONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REINTRODUCING HERB- AND LEGUME-RICH MULTISPECIES LEYS INTO ARABLE

期刊论文

INTERCROPPING: FEED MORE PEOPLE AND BUILD MORE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS

期刊论文

INTERCROPPING TEA PLANTATIONS WITH SOYBEAN AND RAPESEED ENHANCES NITROGEN FIXATION THROUGH SHIFTS IN

期刊论文

SUSTAINABLE SUGARCANE CROPPING IN CHINA

期刊论文

LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING

期刊论文

COMPARING PERFORMANCE OF CROP SPECIES MIXTURES AND PURE STANDS

期刊论文

THE 4C APPROACH AS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND SPECIES INTERACTIONS DETERMINING INTERCROPPING PRODUCTIVITY

期刊论文

TRANSLATING THE MULTI-ACTOR APPROACH TO RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE USING A WORKSHOP APPROACH FOCUSING ON SPECIES MIXTURES

期刊论文

INTERCROPPING SUSTAINABLY INCREASES YIELDS AND SOIL FERTILITY

期刊论文

ENABLING CROP DIVERSIFICATION TO SUPPORT TRANSITIONS TOWARD MORE SUSTAINABLE EUROPEAN AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS

期刊论文

Intercropping enables a sustainable intensification of agriculture

Wopke VAN DER WERF, Chunjie LI, Wen-Feng CONG, Fusuo ZHANG

期刊论文