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Can energy storage make off-grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system more economical?

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 672-694 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0245-x

摘要: Under the ambitious goal of carbon neutralization, photovoltaic (PV)-driven electrolytic hydrogen (PVEH) production is emerging as a promising approach to reduce carbon emission. Considering the intermittence and variability of PV power generation, the deployment of battery energy storage can smoothen the power output. However, the investment cost of battery energy storage is pertinent to non-negligible expenses. Thus, the installation of energy-storage equipment in a PVEH system is a complex trade-off problem. The primary goals of this study are to compare the engineering economics of PVEH systems with and without energy storage, and to explore time nodes when the cost of the former scenario can compete with the latter by factoring the technology learning curve. The levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is a widely used economic indicator. Represented by seven areas in seven regions of China, results show that the LCOH with and without energy storage is approximately 22.23 and 20.59 yuan/kg in 2020, respectively. In addition, as technology costs drop, the LCOH of a PVEH system with energy storage will be less than that without energy storage in 2030.

关键词: hydrogen     off-grid photovoltaic     energy storage     LCOH     engineering economics    

How to make the production of methanol/DME “GREENER”—Integration of wind power with modern coal chemical industry—

Weidou NI , Zhen CHEN , Zheng LI , Jian GAO ,

《能源前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 94-98 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0012-2

摘要: The urgency and necessity of alternative fuels give an impetus to the development of modern coal chemical industry. Coal-based methanol/DME is the key element of this industry. Wind power, whose installed capacity increased at a rate of more than 100% in recent years, has the most developed technologies in renewable energy. However, there still exist many unsolved problems in wind power for on-grid utilization. A new integrated system which combines coal-based methanol/DME production with wind power is proposed in this paper. In this system, wind power is used to electrolyze water to produce H and O. The O is fed to the gasifier as gasification agent. The H is mixed with the CO-rich gas to adjust the H/CO to an appropriate ratio for methanol synthesis. In comparison with conventional coal-based methanol/DME system, the proposed system omits the expensive and energy-consuming ASU and greatly reduces the water gas shift process, which brings both advantages in the utilization of all raw materials and significant mitigation of CO emission. This system will be attractive in the regions of China which have abundant wind and coal resources.

关键词: wind power     off-grid     coal-based methanol/DME     electrolyze water    

Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas

Ping NING,Xiangyu WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 181-189 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0698-1

摘要: Yellow phosphorous is an important raw material in the chemical industry. However, during the production of yellow phosphorous, high concentrations of carbon monoxide and other impurities are released. Without appropriate purification and removal, this off gas has potential to cause severe pollution problems once released. Purified yellow phosphorous off gas can be beneficially reused as a raw material in chemical production for synthesis of high value-added chemical reagents. In this paper, the significance of purification and reutilization of yellow phosphorous off gas are explored. The principles, processes, and main characteristics of the technologies for purification and reuse of yellow phosphorus off gas (including technical measurements of impurity reduction, relevant engineering cases, and public acceptance of the technologies) are summarized. In view of the existing problems and scientific development requirements, this paper proposes several recommendations for green production based on the concept of recycle economics. We conclude that advanced purification and comprehensive reutilization can be an effective solution for heavy pollution resulting from yellow phosphorous off gassing.

关键词: yellow phosphorous off gas     purification     comprehensive utilization    

Typical off-design analytical performances of internal combustion engine cogeneration

Xiaohong HE, Ruixian CAI

《能源前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 184-192 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0007-z

摘要: Based on experimental data, typical off-design characteristic curves with corresponding formulas of internal combustion engine (ICE) are summarized and investigated. In combination with analytical solution of single-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and influence of ambient pressure on combined heat and power (CHP) system, off-design operation regularities of ICE cogeneration are analyzed. The approach temperature difference Δ , relative steam production and superheated steam temperature decrease with the decrease in engine load. The total energy efficiency, equivalent exergy efficiency and economic exergy efficiency first increase and then decrease. Therefore, there exists an optimum value, corresponding to ICE best efficiency operating condition. It is worth emphasizing that Δ is likely to be negative in low load condition with high design steam parameter and low ICE design exhaust gas temperature. Compared with single shaft gas turbine cogeneration, Δ in ICE cogeneration is more likely to be negative. The main reason for this is that the gas turbine has an increased exhaust gas flow with the decrease in load; while ICE is on the contrary. Moreover, ICE power output and efficiency decrease with the decrease in ambient pressure. Hence, approach temperature difference, relative steam production and superheated steam temperature decrease rapidly while the cogeneration efficiencies decrease slightly. It is necessary to consider the influence of ambient conditions, especially the optimization of ICE performances at different places, on cogeneration performances.

关键词: internal combustion engine (ICE)     cogeneration     heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)     off-design     superheated steam     saturated steam     ambient pressure    

Quantification of emission variability for off-road equipment in China based on real-world measurements

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1455-x

摘要:

• Emissions from 53 in-use diesel-fueled off-road equipment were measured.

关键词: Off-road equipment     Portable emission measurement system (PEMS)     Real-world emissions     Diesel engine    

Construction Technology of Off-Site Precast Concrete Buildings

Ting Gong,Jian Yang,Hao Hu,Feng Xu

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 122-124 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015039

摘要: The industrialization of building construction is gradually becoming a new choice of construction technology driven by some great advantages such as high efficiency in construction, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. Construction management plays an important part to ensure the quality of projects. A comparison between traditional on-site and modern off-site construction methods has been conducted. The streamlining of the process including the fabrication, transportation, stacking and assembling of precast components has also been analyzed with a discussion on the BIM application in the process.

关键词: off-site construction     precast concrete     modular construction     construction management     building information model (BIM)    

Development and application of an off-site maintenance system in the petrochemical industry

Ruisheng YONG, Yanbing YE, Hanbin LUO, Lieyun DING

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 111-126 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017027

摘要: On-site maintenance (ONSM) is critical to ensuring the safety of equipment in the petrochemical industry. However, many accidents occur during ONSM processes because of unstable equipment, complicated work environment, and human error. To reduce congestion and exposure to hazards during on-site operations and thereby reduce the probability of accidents, off-site maintenance (OFSM) is proposed based on Energy Release Theory (ERT). The information requirements for OFSM are analyzed. A support system for OFSM, which makes use of visualization, information management, and localization capabilities, is developed. A case study utilizing OFSM and its support system for an oil-loading facility of a petrochemical company is conducted. The application results indicated that implementation of OFSM system can significantly reduce the operation risks and can improve the operation efficiency.

关键词: on-site maintenance     petrochemical industry     safety     off-site maintenance system    

Trace analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in water using liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with

Jian LU,Paul S. WILLS,P. CHRIS WILSON

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 477-481 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0820-z

摘要: A rapid, inexpensive and laboratory friendly method was developed for analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in fresh and salt water using gas chromatography with chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Off-flavor/odor compounds included geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), 2-isobutyl-3-methyoxypyrazine (IBMP), and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP). Using this method, a single sample can be extracted within minutes using only 1 mL of organic solvent. The ion transitions for IPMP, IBMP, MIB, and geosmin were 153>121, 167>125, 152>95, and 165>109, respectively. The linearity of this method for analyzing MIB ranged from 4 to 200 ng·L , and from 0.8 to 200 ng·L for the other analytes. Method recoveries ranged from 97% to 111% and percent relative standard deviations ranged from 3% to 9%, indicating that the method is accurate, precise, and reliable.

关键词: off-flavor/odor compounds     liquid-liquid microextraction     gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry    

Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid—A case study

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR, G. Surya CHANDRA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA

《能源前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 358-372 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0257-7

摘要: Efficient utilization of energy resources is essential for a developing country like India. The concept of smart grid (SG) can provide a highly reliable power system with optimized utilization of available resources. The present Indian power grid requires revolutionary changes to meet the growing demands and to make the grid smarter and reliable. One of the important requirements for SG is the instantaneous monitoring of the voltage, current and power flows at all buses in the grid. The traditional monitoring system cannot satisfy this requirement since they are based on nonlinear power flow equations. Synchro-phasor-measurement devices like phasor measurement units (PMUs) can measure the phasor values of voltages at installed buses. Consequently, the currents passing through all branches connected to that bus can be computed. Since the voltage phasor values at the neighboring buses of a bus containing the PMU can be estimated using Ohm’s law, it is redundant to install PMUs at all the buses in a power grid for its complete observability. This paper proposes the optimal geographical locations for the PMUs in southern region Indian power grid for the implementation of SG, using Integer Linear Programming. The proposed optimal geographical locations for PMU placement can be a stepping stone for the implementation of SG in India.

关键词: phasor measurement units (PMUs)     smart grid (SG)     southern region Indian power grid (SRIPG)     integer linear programming (ILP)    

Effect of heat transfer coefficient of steam turbine rotor on thermal stress field under off-design condition

Jie GUO,Danmei XIE,Hengliang ZHANG,Wei JIANG,Yan ZHOU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 57-64 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0385-3

摘要: The precise calculation of temperature and thermal stress field of steam turbine rotor under off-design conditions is of paramount significance for safe and economic operation, in which an accurate calculation of heat transfer (HT) coefficient plays a decisive role. HT coefficient changes dramatically along with working conditions. First, a finite element analysis of rotor model, applied with ordinary rotor materials, has been conducted to investigate the temperature and thermal stress difference along with the change of HT coefficient from 20 W/(m ·°C) to 20000 W/(m ·°C). Next, the differentiation between existing empirical formulas has been analyzed from the aspect of physical significance of non-dimension parameters. Finally, a verifying case of the cold startup of a 1000MW unit has been proceeded. The result shows that the accuracy of coefficient calculation when steam parameters are low has a greater influence on that of rotor temperature and thermal stress, which means a precise empirical HT coefficient formula, like the Sarkar formula is strongly recommended. When steam parameters are high and HT coefficient is larger than 10 W/(m ·°C), there will be barely any influence on the calculation of thermal stress. This research plays a constructive role in the calculation and analysis of thermal stress.

关键词: steam turbine     rotor     thermal stress     heat transfer coefficient     empirical formula    

Optimal redundant placement of PMUs in Indian power grid — northern, eastern and north-eastern regions

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR, G. Surya CHANDRA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA

《能源前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 413-428 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0274-6

摘要: Effective utilization of renewable energy sources and efficient management of electric energy are essential for any developing countries like India. This can be envisioned through the implementation of concepts of smart grid (SG). One of the key requisites for SG implementation is that the grid should be completely observable. Renovation of conventional Indian power grid to a SG necessitates incorporation of the phasor measurement units (PMUs) in the present power grid measurement and monitoring system. Since the cost of PMU is high and any bus containing a PMU makes the neighboring connected buses observable, optimal placement of PMUs is very important for complete observability of the grid. This paper proposes optimal redundant geographical locations in the northern, eastern and north-eastern regions of Indian power grid for PMU placement. The PMUs installed in these geographical locations will make the grid completely observable and maintain the observability under the conditions of failure of some PMUs or branch outages. Integer linear programming has been used for finding the optimal PMU locations. The results proposed in this paper can be a stepping stone for revamping the Indian power grid to a SG ensuring complete observability during different contingency conditions.

关键词: phasor measurement unit (PMU)     smart grid (SG)     Indian power grid     northern region Indian power grid (NRIPG)     eastern region Indian power grid (ERIPG)     north-eastern region Indian power grid (NERIPG)     redundancy     integer linear programing (ILP)    

Hybrid optimization algorithm for modeling and management of micro grid connected system

Kallol ROY,Kamal Krishna MANDAL

《能源前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 305-314 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0308-8

摘要: In this paper, a hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed for modeling and managing the micro grid (MG) system. The management of distributed energy sources with MG is a multi-objective problem which consists of wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV) array, fuel cell (FC), micro turbine (MT) and diesel generator (DG). Because, perfect economic model of energy source of the MG units are needed to describe the operating cost of the output power generated, the objective of the hybrid model is to minimize the fuel cost of the MG sources such as FC, MT and DG. The problem formulation takes into consideration the optimal configuration of the MG at a minimum fuel cost, operation and maintenance costs as well as emissions reduction. Here, the hybrid algorithm is obtained as artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is used in two stages. The first stage of the ABC gets the optimal MG configuration at a minimum fuel cost for the required load demand. From the minimized fuel cost functions, the operation and maintenance cost as well as the emission is reduced using the second stage of the ABC. The proposed method is implemented in the Matlab/Simulink platform and its effectiveness is analyzed by comparing with existing techniques. The comparison demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach and confirms its potential to solve the problem.

关键词: micro grid (MG)     multi-objective function     artificial bee colony (ABC)     fuel cost     operation and maintenance cost    

A systematic approach to ON-OFF event detection and clustering analysis of non-intrusive appliance load

Chuan Choong YANG,Chit Siang SOH,Vooi Voon YAP

《能源前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 231-237 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0358-6

摘要: The aim of non-intrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM) is to disaggregate the energy consumption of individual electrical appliances from total power consumption utilizing non-intrusive methods. In this paper, a systematic approach to ON-OFF event detection and clustering analysis for NIALM were presented. From the aggregate power consumption data set, the data are passed through median filtering to reduce noise and prepared for the event detection algorithm. The event detection algorithm is to determine the switching of ON and OFF status of electrical appliances. The goodness-of-fit (GOF) methodology is the event detection algorithm implemented. After event detection, the events detected were paired into ON-OFF pairing appliances. The results from the ON-OFF pairing algorithm were further clustered in groups utilizing the -means clustering analysis. The -means clustering were implemented as an unsupervised learning methodology for the clustering analysis. The novelty of this paper is the determination of the time duration an electrical appliance is turned ON through combination of event detection, ON-OFF pairing and -means clustering. The results of the algorithm implementation were discussed and ideas on future work were also proposed.

关键词: non-intrusive appliance load monitoring     event detection     goodness-of-fit (GOF)     K-means clustering     ON-OFF pairing    

Removal of multicomponent VOCs in off-gases from an oil refining wastewater treatment plant by a compost-based

Dan WU, Chunyan ZHANG, Li HAO, Changjun GENG, Xie QUAN,

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 483-491 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0144-y

摘要: Waste gases from oil refining wastewater treatment plants are often characterized by the presence of multicomponent and various concentrations of compounds. An evaluation of the performance and feasibility of removing multicomponent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in off-gases from oil refining wastewater treatment plants was conducted in a pilot-scale compost-based biofilter system. This system consists of two identical biofilters packed with compost and polyethylene (PE). This paper investigates the effects of various concentrations of nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and empty bed residence time (EBRT) on the removal efficiency of NMHC. Based on the experimental results and practical applications, an EBRT of 66 s was applied to the biofilter system. The removal efficiencies of NMHC were within the range of 47%―100%. At an EBRT of 66 s, the average removal efficiency of benzene, toluene, and xylene were more than 99%, 99%, and 100%, respectively. The results demonstrated that multicomponent VOCs in off-gases from the oil refining wastewater treatment plant could be successfully removed in the biofilter system, which may provide useful information concerning the design criteria and operation of full-scale biofilters.

关键词: biodegradation     volatile organic compounds (VOCs)     biofiltration     biofilter    

System resilience enhancement: Smart grid and beyond

Gang HUANG, Jianhui WANG, Chen CHEN, Chuangxin GUO, Bingquan ZHU

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 271-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017030

摘要: Boosting the resilience of power systems is a core requirement of smart grids. In fact, resilience enhancement is crucial to all critical infrastructure systems. In this study, we review the current research on system resilience enhancement within and beyond smart grids. In addition, we elaborate on resilience definition and resilience quantification and discuss several challenges and opportunities for system resilience enhancement. This study aims to deepen our understanding of the concept of resilience and develop a wide perspective on enhancing the system resilience for critical infrastructures.

关键词: critical infrastructure     cyber-physical systems     energy systems     resilience     smart grid    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Can energy storage make off-grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system more economical?

期刊论文

How to make the production of methanol/DME “GREENER”—Integration of wind power with modern coal chemical industry—

Weidou NI , Zhen CHEN , Zheng LI , Jian GAO ,

期刊论文

Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas

Ping NING,Xiangyu WANG

期刊论文

Typical off-design analytical performances of internal combustion engine cogeneration

Xiaohong HE, Ruixian CAI

期刊论文

Quantification of emission variability for off-road equipment in China based on real-world measurements

期刊论文

Construction Technology of Off-Site Precast Concrete Buildings

Ting Gong,Jian Yang,Hao Hu,Feng Xu

期刊论文

Development and application of an off-site maintenance system in the petrochemical industry

Ruisheng YONG, Yanbing YE, Hanbin LUO, Lieyun DING

期刊论文

Trace analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in water using liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with

Jian LU,Paul S. WILLS,P. CHRIS WILSON

期刊论文

Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid—A case study

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR, G. Surya CHANDRA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA

期刊论文

Effect of heat transfer coefficient of steam turbine rotor on thermal stress field under off-design condition

Jie GUO,Danmei XIE,Hengliang ZHANG,Wei JIANG,Yan ZHOU

期刊论文

Optimal redundant placement of PMUs in Indian power grid — northern, eastern and north-eastern regions

Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR, G. Surya CHANDRA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA

期刊论文

Hybrid optimization algorithm for modeling and management of micro grid connected system

Kallol ROY,Kamal Krishna MANDAL

期刊论文

A systematic approach to ON-OFF event detection and clustering analysis of non-intrusive appliance load

Chuan Choong YANG,Chit Siang SOH,Vooi Voon YAP

期刊论文

Removal of multicomponent VOCs in off-gases from an oil refining wastewater treatment plant by a compost-based

Dan WU, Chunyan ZHANG, Li HAO, Changjun GENG, Xie QUAN,

期刊论文

System resilience enhancement: Smart grid and beyond

Gang HUANG, Jianhui WANG, Chen CHEN, Chuangxin GUO, Bingquan ZHU

期刊论文