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Impact of diabetes and its treatments on skeletal diseases

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 81-90 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0243-9

摘要：

Diabetes mellitus is an enormous menace to public health globally. This chronic disease of metabolism will adversely affect the skeleton if not controlled. Both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Bone mineral density is reduced in T1DM, whereas patients with T2DM have normal or slightly higher bone density, suggesting impaired bone quality is involved. Detrimental effects of T1DM on the skeleton are more severe than T2DM, probably because of the lack of osteo-anabolic effects of insulin and other pancreatic hormones. In both T1DM and T2DM, low bone quality could be caused by various means, including but not limited to hyperglycemia, accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), decreased serum levels of osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone. Risk for osteoarthritis is also elevated in diabetic population. How diabetes accelerates the deterioration of cartilage remains largely unknown. Hyperglycemia and glucose derived AGEs could contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. Moreover, it is recognized that oral antidiabetic medicines affect bone metabolism and turnover as well. Insulin is shown to have anabolic effects on bone and hyperinsulinemia may help to explain the slightly higher bone density in patients with T2DM. Thiazolidinediones can promote bone loss and osteoporotic fractures by suppressing osteoblastogenesis and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Metformin favors bone formation by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and protecting them against diabetic conditions such as hyperglycemia. Better knowledge of how diabetic conditions and its treatments influence skeletal tissues is in great need in view of the growing and aging population of patients with diabetes mellitus.

关键词： diabetes     bone     osteoporosis     osteoarthritis    

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-Derived miR162a Functions on Osteoporosis Through Directly Promoting Osteoblast Formation

Chunyan Gu,Xichao Yu,Xiaozhu Tang,Leilei Gong,Jingquan Tan,Yuanjiao Zhang,Huili Zheng,Ze Wang,Chenqian Zhang,Yejin Zhu,Zuojian Zhou,Heming Yu,Kai Xu,Jinao Duan,Xiaosong Gu,Ye Yang,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.007

摘要： Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can help prevent or treat diseases; however, there are few studies on the active substances of TCM. For example, Lycium barbarum L. has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis for thousands of years, but its active substance remains to be unknown. Prompted by the efforts to modernize TCM, the present study focused on the novel active substance of Lycium barbarum L. to reinforce kidney essence to produce bone marrow. Illumina deep sequencing analysis and stem-loop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay revealed that miR162a, a Lycium barbarum L.-derived microRNA, can pass through the gastrointestinal tract to target the bone marrow in mice. Immunofluorescence staining showed that miR162a was absorbed through systemic RNA interference defective transmembrane family member 1 (SIDT1) in the stomach. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay identified that miR162a targeted nuclear receptor corepressor (NcoR). Alizarin red staining and micro-computed tomography (microCT) confirmed that miR162a promoted osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, zebrafish, and a mouse model of osteoporosis. In addition, transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) leaves overexpressing miR162a were developed by agrobacterium infiltration method. microCT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining confirmed that transgenic N. benthamiana leaves effectively protected against osteoporosis in mice. Our study mechanistically explains how Lycium barbarum L. improves osteoporosis and supports that Lycium barbarum L. reinforces kidney essence, thereby strengthening the bone. miR162a expressed by transgenic plants may represent a novel and safe treatment for human osteoporosis.

关键词： Traditional Chinese medicine     Lycium barbarum     L     miR162a     Osteoporosis     Nuclear receptor corepressor     Transgenic plants    

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Medical applications of phytoestrogens from the Thai herb

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 8-21 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0184-8

摘要：

Pueraria mirifica Airy Shaw et Suvatabandhu is a medicinal plant endemic to Thailand. It has been used in Thai folklore medicine for its rejuvenating qualities in aged women and men for nearly one hundred years. Indeed, it has been claimed that P. mirifica contains active phytoestrogens (plant substances with estrogen-like activity). Using high performance liquid chromatography, at least 17 phytoestrogens, mainly isoflavones, have been isolated. Thus, fairly considerable scientific researches, both in vitro in cell lines and in vivo in various species of animals including humans, have been conducted to date to address its estrogenic activity on the reproductive organs, bones, cardiovascular diseases and other climacteric related symptoms. The antioxidative capacity and antiproliferative effect on tumor cell lines have also been assessed. In general, P. mirifica could be applicable for preventing, or as a therapeutic for, the symptoms related to estrogen deficiency in menopausal women as well as in andropausal men. However, the optimal doses for each desirable effect and the balance to avoid undesired side effects need to be calculated before use.

关键词： white Kwao Krua     miroestrol     estrogenic activity     reproduction     osteoporosis     breast cancer     Alzheimer    

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Hybrid deep learning model for risk prediction of fracture in patients with diabetes and osteoporosis

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 496-506 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0828-7

摘要： The fracture risk of patients with diabetes is higher than those of patients without diabetes due to hyperglycemia, usage of diabetes drugs, changes in insulin levels, and excretion, and this risk begins as early as adolescence. Many factors including demographic data (such as age, height, weight, and gender), medical history (such as smoking, drinking, and menopause), and examination (such as bone mineral density, blood routine, and urine routine) may be related to bone metabolism in patients with diabetes. However, most of the existing methods are qualitative assessments and do not consider the interactions of the physiological factors of humans. In addition, the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis has not been further studied previously. In this paper, a hybrid model combining XGBoost with deep neural network is used to predict the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis, and investigate the effect of patients’ physiological factors on fracture risk. A total of 147 raw input features are considered in our model. The presented model is compared with several benchmarks based on various metrics to prove its effectiveness. Moreover, the top 18 influencing factors of fracture risks of patients with diabetes are determined.

关键词： XGBoost     deep neural network     healthcare     risk prediction    

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Mechanisms of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 389-393 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0362-y

摘要：

Studies conducted by our group on the mechanism of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are reviewed in this paper. Conclusions can be summarized as follows. (1) Neuroendocrine-immune network (NIN)-osteoclast regulatory pathway OPG-RANKL-RANK is one of the mechanisms of “kidney governing bones.” Although kidney-reinforcing therapy is regarded as one of the holistic regulatory mechanisms of the body, characteristic holistic regulation in TCM can be reflected through nonselective regulation of the NIN during kidney reinforcement therapy, which can be used to treat osteoporosis through microadjustments in the microenvironment of the bone marrow. (2) Marrow exhaustion in TCM, which is the state wherein lipocytes in the bone marrow increase whereas other cells decrease, serves as the pathogenesis of osteoporosis brought about by failure of the “kidney governing bones.” (3) The kidney in TCM can be regarded as a complex system comprising multiple functional units in the body, including the unit “governing bones.” Kidney deficiency refers to a deficiency in only one or more units of the kidney system and not the whole system itself, which explains the kidney-reinforcing effect of many herbs; some herbs can treat osteoporosis, but some cannot. Although both classified as kidney-reinforcing agents, the former can resolve failure of the “kidney governing bones” unit while the latter regulates the failure of other units in the kidney system. Despite the current understanding on “kidney governing bones” theory, the mechanism of “kidney governing bones” remains complicated and unresolved. Thus, further studies in this area are warranted.

关键词： kidney governing bones     kidney deficiency     marrow     osteoporosis     neuroendocrine-immune network     osteoclast regulatory pathway    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Impact of diabetes and its treatments on skeletal diseases

null

期刊论文

-Derived miR162a Functions on Osteoporosis Through Directly Promoting Osteoblast Formation

Chunyan Gu,Xichao Yu,Xiaozhu Tang,Leilei Gong,Jingquan Tan,Yuanjiao Zhang,Huili Zheng,Ze Wang,Chenqian Zhang,Yejin Zhu,Zuojian Zhou,Heming Yu,Kai Xu,Jinao Duan,Xiaosong Gu,Ye Yang,

期刊论文

Medical applications of phytoestrogens from the Thai herb

null

期刊论文

Hybrid deep learning model for risk prediction of fracture in patients with diabetes and osteoporosis

期刊论文

Mechanisms of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine

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期刊论文