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Cas12a 1

克罗诺杆菌 1

多黏菌素 1

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New insights in the battle between wheat and

Chunlei TANG,Xiaojie WANG,Yulin CHENG,Minjie LIU,Mengxin ZHAO,Jinping WEI,Zhensheng KANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 101-114 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015068

摘要： Wheat stripe rust caused by f. sp. ( ) poses a great threat to wheat production worldwide. The rapid change in virulence of leads to a loss of resistance in currently resistant wheat cultivars, which results in frequent disease epidemics. Therefore, a major focus is currently placed on investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying this rapid variation of pathogenicity and coevolving wheat resistance. Limited by the lack of a system for stable transformation of and the difficulties in wheat transformation, it is not easy to generate deeper insights into the wheat- interaction using established genetic methods. Nevertheless, considerable effort has been made to unravel the wheat- interaction and significant progress is being made. Histology and cytology have revealed basic details of infection strategies and defense responses during wheat- interactions, identified cellular components involved in wheat- interactions, and have helped to elucidate their role in the infection process or in plant defense responses. Transcriptome and genome sequencing has revealed the molecular features and dynamics of the wheat- pathosystem. Extensive molecular analyses have led to the identification of major components in the wheat resistance response and in virulence. Studies of wheat- interactions have now entered a new phase in which cellular and molecular approaches are being used. This review focuses on the cellular biology of wheat- interactions and integrates the emerging data from molecular analyses with the histocytological observations.

关键词： wheat strip rust Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici host defense pathogen virulence biotrophic fungus

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Comments on “Determination of heterozygosity for avirulence/virulence loci through sexual hybridization

Ralf T. Voegele

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 121-122 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017142

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Mitigating microbiological risks of potential pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulence

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1682-4

摘要：

● Abundance of MAGs carrying ARG-VF pairs unchanged in rivers after WWTP upgrade.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant upgrade Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) Virulence factors (VFs) Gene co-occurrence Genome-centric analysis

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A Novel Light-Responsive Gene BcCfaS Regulates the Photomorphogenesis and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea

Guangjin Li,Zhanquan Zhang,Yong Chen,Tong Chen,Boqiang Li,Shiping Tian,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.015

摘要： Light is a fundamental environmental factor for living organisms on earth—not only as a primary energy source but also as an informational signal. In fungi, light can be used as an indicator for both time and space to control important physiological and morphological responses. Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) is a devastating phytopathogenic fungus that exploits light cues to optimize virulence and the balance between conidiation and sclerotia development, thereby improving its dispersal and survival in ecosystems. However, the components and mechanisms underlying these processes remain obscure. Here, we identify a novel light-signaling component in B. cinerea, BcCfaS, which encodes a putative cyclopropane fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase. BcCfaS is strongly induced by light at the transcriptional level and plays a crucial role in regulating photomorphogenesis. Deletion of BcCfaS results in reduced vegetative growth, altered colony morphology, impaired sclerotial development, and enhanced conidiation in a light-dependent manner. Moreover, the mutant exhibits serious defects in stress response and virulence on the host. Based on a lipidomics analysis, a number of previously unknown fungal lipids and many BcCfaS-regulated lipids are identified in B. cinerea, including several novel phospholipids and fatty acids. Importantly, we find that BcCfaS controls conidiation and sclerotial development by positively regulating methyl jasmonate (MeJA) synthesis to activate the transcription of light-signaling components, revealing for the first time the metabolic base of photomorphogenesis in fungi. Thus, we propose that BcCfaS serves as an integration node for light and lipid metabolism, thereby providing a regulatory mechanism by which fungi adapt their development to a changing light environment. These new findings provide an important target for antifungal design to prevent and control fungal disease.

关键词： Light Botrytis cinerea Cyclopropane fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase Lipid metabolism Photomorphogenesis Virulence

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Determination of heterozygosity for avirulence/virulence loci through sexual hybridization of

Yuan TIAN,Gangming ZHAN,Xia LU,Jie ZHAO,Lili HUANG,Zhensheng KANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 48-58 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016114

摘要： Wheat stripe rust caused by f. sp. is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide and resistant cultivars are vital for its management. Therefore, investigating the heterozygosity of the pathogen is important because of rapid virulence changes in isolates heterozygous for avirulence/virulence. An isolate of f. sp. was selfed on to determine the heterozygosity for avirulence/virulence loci. One hundred and twenty progeny isolates obtained from this selfing were phenotyped using 25 lines of wheat containing genes and genotyped with 96 simple sequencing repeat markers, with 51 pathotypes and 55 multi-locus genotypes being identified. All of these were avirulent on lines with , , , and and virulent on lines with , and , indicating that the parental isolate was homozygously avirulent or homozygously virulent for these loci. Segregation was found for wheat lines with , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . The 17 cultivars to which the was identified as heterozygous with respect to virulence/avirulence should not be given priority in breeding programs to obtain new resistant cultivars.

关键词： Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici selfing heterozygosity virulence inheritance

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Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 102-112 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016100

摘要： Plants are frequently affected by pathogen infections. To effectively defend against such infections, two major modes of innate immunity have evolved in plants; pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. Although the molecular components as well as the corresponding pathways involved in these two processes have been identified, many aspects of the molecular mechanisms of the plant immune system remain elusive. Recently, the rapid development of omics techniques (e.g., genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics) has provided a great opportunity to explore plant–pathogen interactions from a systems perspective and studies on protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between plants and pathogens have been carried out and characterized at the network level. In this review, we introduce experimental and computational identification methods of PPIs, popular PPI network analysis approaches, and existing bioinformatics resources/tools related to PPIs. Then, we focus on reviewing the progress in genome-wide PPI networks related to plant–pathogen interactions, including pathogen-centric PPI networks, plant-centric PPI networks and interspecies PPI networks between plants and pathogens. We anticipate genome-wide PPI network analysis will provide a clearer understanding of plant–pathogen interactions and will offer some new opportunities for crop protection and improvement.

关键词： plant–pathogen interactions systems biology omics plant immunity protein–protein interaction network

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spp., foodborne pathogens threatening neonates and infants

Qiming CHEN, Yang ZHU, Zhen QIN, Yongjun QIU, Liming ZHAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 330-339 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018208

摘要：

Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) are special foodborne pathogens. Cronobacter infection can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis and meningitis in all age groups, especially neonates and infants, with a high fatality of up to 80%, although the infection is rare. Outbreaks of Cronobacter infection are epidemiologically proven to be associated with contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF). Cronobacter spp. can resist dry environments and survive for a long period in food with low water activity. Therefore, Cronobacter spp. have become serious pathogens of neonates and infants, as well as in the dairy industry. In this review, we present the taxonomy, pathogenesis, resistance, detection and control of Cronobacter spp.

关键词： Cronobacter spp. desiccation resistance pathogen control pathogen detection powdered infant formula

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Locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) for water disinfection

Jianfeng Zhou, Ting Wang, Cecilia Yu, Xing Xie

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1253-x

摘要： • Nanowire-assisted LEEFT is applied for water disinfection with low voltages. • LEEFT inactivates bacteria by disrupting cell membrane through electroporation. • Multiple electrodes and device configurations have been developed for LEEFT. • The LEEFT is low-cost, highly efficient, and produces no DBPs. • The LEEFT can potentially be applicable for water disinfection at all scales. Water disinfection is a critical step in water and wastewater treatment. The most widely used chlorination suffers from the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs) while alternative methods (e.g., UV, O3, and membrane filtration) are limited by microbial regrowth, no residual disinfectant, and high operation cost. Here, a nanowire-enabled disinfection method, locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT), is introduced with advantages of no chemical addition, no DBP formation, low energy consumption, and efficient microbial inactivation. Attributed to the lightning rod effect, the electric field near the tip area of the nanowires on the electrode is significantly enhanced to inactivate microbes, even though a small external voltage (usually<5 V) is applied. In this review, after emphasizing the significance of water disinfection, the theory of the LEEFT is explained. Subsequently, the recent development of the LEEFT technology on electrode materials and device configurations are summarized. The disinfection performance is analyzed, with respect to the operating parameters, universality against different microorganisms, electrode durability, and energy consumption. The studies on the inactivation mechanisms during the LEEFT are also reviewed. Lastly, the challenges and future research of LEEFT disinfection are discussed.

关键词： Water treatment Nanotechnology Pathogen inactivation Electroporation Nanowire Chemical-free

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临床上重要的革兰阴性菌多黏菌素耐药机制对毒力和适应性的影响 Review

王媛, 罗绮霞, 肖婷婷, 朱云颖, 肖永红

《工程（英文）》 2022年第13卷第6期页码 178-185 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.005

摘要：

随着多重耐药革兰阴性菌（如鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌等）的出现，人类正在面临着巨大且日益严重的全球威胁。多黏菌素B和E（黏菌素）是治疗多重耐药革兰阴性菌的最后一线药物。多黏菌素是一种阳离子抗菌肽，能破坏革兰阴性菌的外膜。然而，随着多黏菌素临床应用的日益增多，有关多黏菌素耐药革兰阴性菌的报道也越来越多。多黏菌素耐药机制主要是通过脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide, LPS）的修饰或完全丧失介导的。LPS也是革兰阴性菌的毒力因子，LPS的改变可能与细菌的毒力有关。尽管人们普遍认为获得耐药性会使细菌产生适应性代价，当抗生素选择压力降低时，与耐药相关的适应性代价可能使耐药菌难以与敏感菌竞争，从而很快从群体中被清除。但如果菌株在获得耐药性的同时，适应性和毒力增强将会导致耐药菌株的广泛传播，造成巨大的临床损失。目前一些研究发现，与敏感菌相比，多黏菌素耐药菌具有更高的毒力和更强的适应性。为了预测多黏菌素耐药性的发展并评估缓解多黏菌素耐药性的干预措施，了解多黏菌素耐药菌株与敏感菌株之间的相对生物成本，本文将总结阐述多黏菌素耐药机制对鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌毒力和适应性的影响。

关键词：多黏菌素耐药毒力适应性革兰阴性菌鲍曼不动杆菌大肠埃希菌肺炎克雷伯菌

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Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19

Xiaofang Cai, Hanlan Jiang, Simin Zhang, Shengying Xia, Wenhui Du, Yaoling Ma, Tao Yu, Wenbin Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 776-785 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread around the world. However, approaches to distinguish COVID-19 from pneumonia caused by other pathogens have not yet been reported. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 97 children with probable COVID-19. A total of 13 (13.4%) patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid RT-PCR testing, and 41 (42.3%) patients were found to be infected with other pathogens. Notably, no pathogen was detected in 43 (44.3%) patients. Among all patients, 25 (25.8%) had familial cluster exposure history, and 52 (53.6%) had one or more coexisting conditions. Fifteen (15.5%) patients were admitted or transferred to the PICU. In the 11 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 5 (45.5%) and 7 (63.6%) were positive for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. In 22 patients with suspected COVID-19, 1 (4.5%) was positive for IgG but negative for IgM. The most frequently detected pathogen was (29, 29.9%). One patient with confirmed COVID 19 died. Our results strongly indicated that the detection of asymptomatic COVID 19 or coexisting conditions must be strengthened in pediatric patients. These cases may be difficult to diagnose as COVID-19 unless etiologic analysis is conducted. A serologic test can be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool in cases where SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly suspected but the nucleic acid test is negative.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019 pediatrics emergency retrospective investigation severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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PathogenTrack and Yeskit: tools for identifying intracellular pathogens from single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets as illustrated by application to COVID-19

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 251-262 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0915-9

摘要： Pathogenic microbes can induce cellular dysfunction, immune response, and cause infectious disease and other diseases including cancers. However, the cellular distributions of pathogens and their impact on host cells remain rarely explored due to the limited methods. Taking advantage of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, we can assess the transcriptomic features at the single-cell level. Still, the tools used to interpret pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi) at the single-cell level remain to be explored. Here, we introduced PathogenTrack, a python-based computational pipeline that uses unmapped scRNA-seq data to identify intracellular pathogens at the single-cell level. In addition, we established an R package named Yeskit to import, integrate, analyze, and interpret pathogen abundance and transcriptomic features in host cells. Robustness of these tools has been tested on various real and simulated scRNA-seq datasets. PathogenTrack is competitive to the state-of-the-art tools such as Viral-Track, and the first tools for identifying bacteria at the single-cell level. Using the raw data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples (BALF) from COVID-19 patients in the SRA database, we found the SARS-CoV-2 virus exists in multiple cell types including epithelial cells and macrophages. SARS-CoV-2-positive neutrophils showed increased expression of genes related to type I interferon pathway and antigen presenting module. Additionally, we observed the Haemophilus parahaemolyticus in some macrophage and epithelial cells, indicating a co-infection of the bacterium in some severe cases of COVID-19. The PathogenTrack pipeline and the Yeskit package are publicly available at GitHub.

关键词： scRNA-seq intracellular pathogen microbe COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

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Composition, dispersion, and health risks of bioaerosols in wastewater treatment plants: A review

Yunping Han, Lin Li, Ying Wang, Jiawei Ma, Pengyu Li, Chao Han, Junxin Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1330-1

摘要： Abstract • Bioaerosols are produced in the process of wastewater biological treatment. • The concentration of bioaerosol indoor is higher than outdoor. • Bioaerosols contain large amounts of potentially pathogenic biomass and chemicals. • Inhalation is the main route of exposure of bioaerosol. • Both the workers and the surrounding residents will be affected by the bioaerosol. Bioaerosols are defined as airborne particles (0.05–100 mm in size) of biological origin. They are considered potentially harmful to human health as they can contain pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review summarizes the most recent research on the health risks of bioaerosols emitted from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in order to improve the control of such bioaerosols. The concentration and size distribution of WWTP bioaerosols; their major emission sources, composition, and health risks; and considerations for future research are discussed. The major themes and findings in the literature are as follows: the major emission sources of WWTP bioaerosols include screen rooms, sludge-dewatering rooms, and aeration tanks; the bioaerosol concentrations in screen and sludge-dewatering rooms are higher than those outdoors. WWTP bioaerosols contain a variety of potentially pathogenic bacteria, fungi, antibiotic resistance genes, viruses, endotoxins, and toxic metal(loid)s. These potentially pathogenic substances spread with the bioaerosols, thereby posing health risks to workers and residents in and around the WWTP. Inhalation has been identified as the main exposure route, and children are at a higher risk of this than adults. Future studies should identify emerging contaminants, establish health risk assessments, and develop prevention and control systems.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant Bioaerosols Pathogen Dispersion Risk assessment

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Effect of the ultraviolet/chlorine process on microbial community structure, typical pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes in reclaimed water

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1521-z

摘要：

• UV/chlorine can effectively remove VBNC pathogens, ARGs and MGEs in reclaimed water.

关键词： UV/chlorine process Pathogen Antibiotic resistance genes High-throughput qPCR Reclaimed water

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海水养殖细菌性病害检测方法研究进展

肖婧凡,王玥,张元兴,雷霁霖

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第9期页码 10-15

摘要：

随着我国水产养殖业的不断发展，各种病害问题日益突出。细菌性病害在所有病害中占到相当大的比例，因此其检测方法的开发在水产养殖病害发现、防治、无公害水产品生产及卫生质量检验中均具有重要意义。本文对近年来国内外主要海水养殖细菌性病害检测方法的研究情况进行综述，介绍了主要细菌性病害的各种检测方法的原理、应用及其研究进展，为我国今后建立水产养殖细菌性病害检测方法标准及推动相应检测产品的商品化提供参考。

关键词：水产养殖细菌性病害检测方法

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鲆鲽类主要病原菌抗血清的制备及应用

甘玲玲,王蔚芳,高淳仁,雷霁霖

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第9期页码 21-25

摘要：

用甲醛灭活8 种鲆鲽类主要病原菌，鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)、创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)、哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)、迟缓爱德华菌(Edwardsiella tarda)、鮰爱德华菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)，制备成灭活疫苗后肌肉注射大菱鲆获得各病原菌抗血清。结果显示，抗鳗弧菌血清、抗哈维弧菌血清、抗豚鼠气单胞菌血清、抗鮰爱德华菌效价为1:6 400，抗创伤弧菌血清、抗溶藻弧菌血清、抗嗜水气单胞菌血清效价为1:12 800，抗迟缓爱德华菌血清效价为1:102 400。应用ELISA分析各抗血清与8 种病原菌及迟缓爱德华菌蛋白的免疫交叉反应，结果显示，各病原菌与其本身的抗血清反应最为强烈，而与其他抗血清间有程度不等的交叉反应；菌蛋白与其相应的菌抗血清反应最为强烈，与其他病原菌抗血清反应较弱。本研究所制备的病原菌抗血清效价较高，且具有特异性，可应用于鲆鲽类病原菌的检测。

关键词：鲆鲽类疫苗抗血清病原菌

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标题作者时间类型操作

New insights in the battle between wheat and

Chunlei TANG,Xiaojie WANG,Yulin CHENG,Minjie LIU,Mengxin ZHAO,Jinping WEI,Zhensheng KANG

期刊论文

Comments on “Determination of heterozygosity for avirulence/virulence loci through sexual hybridization

Ralf T. Voegele

期刊论文

Mitigating microbiological risks of potential pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulence

期刊论文

A Novel Light-Responsive Gene BcCfaS Regulates the Photomorphogenesis and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea

Guangjin Li,Zhanquan Zhang,Yong Chen,Tong Chen,Boqiang Li,Shiping Tian,

期刊论文

Determination of heterozygosity for avirulence/virulence loci through sexual hybridization of

Yuan TIAN,Gangming ZHAN,Xia LU,Jie ZHAO,Lili HUANG,Zhensheng KANG

期刊论文

Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

期刊论文

spp., foodborne pathogens threatening neonates and infants

Qiming CHEN, Yang ZHU, Zhen QIN, Yongjun QIU, Liming ZHAO

期刊论文

Locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) for water disinfection

Jianfeng Zhou, Ting Wang, Cecilia Yu, Xing Xie

期刊论文

临床上重要的革兰阴性菌多黏菌素耐药机制对毒力和适应性的影响

王媛, 罗绮霞, 肖婷婷, 朱云颖, 肖永红

期刊论文

Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19

Xiaofang Cai, Hanlan Jiang, Simin Zhang, Shengying Xia, Wenhui Du, Yaoling Ma, Tao Yu, Wenbin Li

期刊论文

PathogenTrack and Yeskit: tools for identifying intracellular pathogens from single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets as illustrated by application to COVID-19

期刊论文

Composition, dispersion, and health risks of bioaerosols in wastewater treatment plants: A review

Yunping Han, Lin Li, Ying Wang, Jiawei Ma, Pengyu Li, Chao Han, Junxin Liu

期刊论文

Effect of the ultraviolet/chlorine process on microbial community structure, typical pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes in reclaimed water

期刊论文

海水养殖细菌性病害检测方法研究进展

肖婧凡,王玥,张元兴,雷霁霖

期刊论文

鲆鲽类主要病原菌抗血清的制备及应用

甘玲玲,王蔚芳,高淳仁,雷霁霖

期刊论文