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Comparison of analytical procedures for measuring phosphorus content of animal manures in China

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《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 431-440 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019279

摘要:

The concentration and components of manure phosphorus (P) are key factors determining potential P bioavailability and runoff. The distribution of P forms in swine, poultry and cattle manures collected from intensive and extensive production systems in several areas of China was investigated with sequential fractionation and a simplified two-step (NaHCO -NaOH/EDTA) procedures. The mean total P concentration, determined by the sequential fractionation procedure of intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure, expressed as g·kg , was 14.9, 13.4 and 5.8 g·kg , respectively, and 4.4 g·kg in extensive cattle manure. In intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure about 73%, 74% and 79% of total P, respectively, was bioavailable (i.e., P extracted by H O and NaHCO ) and 78% in extensive cattle manure. The results indicated the relative environmental risk, from high to low, of swine, poultry and cattle manure. There is considerable regional variation in animal manure P across China, which needs to be considered when developing manure management strategies.

关键词: diet phosphorus     manure phosphorus     sequential P fractionation    

Advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in A

Jianhua WANG, Yongzhen PENG, Yongzhi CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 474-480 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0360-0

摘要: A laboratory-scale anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process (A O) with a small aerobic zone and a bigger anoxic zone and biologic aerated filter (A O-BAF) system was operated to treat low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio domestic wastewater. The A O process was employed mainly for organic matter and phosphorus removal, and for denitrification. The BAF was only used for nitrification which coupled with a settling tank Compared with a conventional A O process, the suspended activated sludge in this A O-BAF process contained small quantities of nitrifier, but nitrification overwhelmingly conducted in BAF. So the system successfully avoided the contradiction in sludge retention time (SRT) between nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). Denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) played an important role in removing up to 91% of phosphorus along with nitrogen, which indicated that the suspended activated sludge process presented a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. The average removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and were 85.56%, 92.07%, 81.24% and 98.7% respectively. The effluent quality consistently satisfied the national first level A effluent discharge standard of China. The average sludge volume index (SVI) was 85.4 mL·g additionally, the volume ratio of anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zone in A O process was also investigated, and the results demonstrated that the optimum value was 1∶6∶2.

关键词: Anoxic zone and biologic aerated filter (A2O-BAF) system     domestic wastewater with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio     advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal     denitrifying phosphorus removal    

Comments on “Innovations for phosphorus sustainability: implications for the whole food chain” in specialissue of “Sustainable Phosphorus Use in Agri-Food System”

Peter M. VITOUSEK, Xuejun LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 441-442 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019284

Kinetic analysis of anaerobic phosphorus release during biological phosphorus removal process

DOU Junfeng, LIU Xiang, LUO Guyuan

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 233-239 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0040-2

摘要: Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a commonly used and sustainable method for phosphorus removal from wastewater. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyphosphate, and glycogen are three kinds of intracellular storage polymers in phosphorus accumulation organisms. The variation of these polymers under different conditions has an apparent influence on anaerobic phosphorus release, which is very important for controlling the performance of EBPR. To obtain the mechanism and kinetic character of anaerobic phosphorus release, a series of batch experiments were performed using the excessively aerated sludge from the aerobic unit of the biological phosphorus removal system in this study. The results showed that the volatile suspended solid (VSS) had an increasing trend, while the mixed liquid suspended sludge (MLSS) and ashes were reduced during the anaerobic phosphorus release process. The interruption of anaerobic HAc-uptake and phosphorus-release occurs when the glycogen in the phosphorus-accumulating-organisms is exhausted. Under the condition of lower initial HAc-COD, HAc became the limiting factor after some time for anaerobic HAc uptake. Under the condition of higher initial HAc-COD, HAc uptake was stopped because of the depletion of glycogen in the microorganisms. The mean ratio of ΔρP/Δρ, Δρ/ΔρPHB, ΔρP/ΔCOD, and ΔρPHB/ΔCOD was 0.48, 0.50, 0.44, and 0.92, respectively, which was nearly the same as the theoretical value. The calibrated kinetic parameters of the HAc-uptake and phosphorus-release model were evaluated as follows: Q was 164 mg/(g °h), Q was 69.9 mg/(g °h), K was 0.005, and KCOD was 3 mg/L. An apparently linear correlation was observed between the ratio of ΔρP/ΔCOD and pH of the solution, and the equation between them was obtained in this study.

关键词: interruption     process     ΔρP/Δρ     Enhanced biological     Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate    

Phosphorus use efficiency and fertilizers: future opportunities for improvements

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《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 332-340 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019274

摘要:

The continued supply of phosphate fertilizers that underpin global food production is an imminent crisis. The rock phosphate deposits on which the world depends are not only finite, but some are contaminated, and many are located in geopolitically unstable areas, meaning that fundamental changes will have to take place in order to maintain food production for a growing global population. No single solution exists, but a combination of approaches to phosphorus management is required not only to extend the lifespan of the remaining non-renewable rock phosphate reserves, but to result in a more efficient, sustainable phosphorus cycle. Solutions include improving the efficiency of fertilizer applications to agricultural land, alongside a better understanding of phosphorus cycling in soil-plant systems, and the interactions between soil physics, chemistry and biology, coupled with plant traits. Opportunities exist for the development of plants that can access different forms of soil phosphorus (e.g., organic phosphorus) and that use internal phosphorus more efficiently. The development of different sources of phosphorus fertilizers are inevitably required given the finite nature of the rock phosphate supplies. Clear opportunities exist, and it is now important that a concerted effort to make advances in phosphorus use efficiency is prioritized.

关键词: organic phosphorus     phosphorus fertilizer     phosphorus use efficiency     rock phosphate    

Effects of phosphorus concentration on Cr(VI) sorption onto phosphorus-rich sludge biochar

DING Wenchuan,PENG Wenlong,ZENG Xiaolan,TIAN Xiumei

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 379-385 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0606-0

摘要: To investigate effects of phosphorus content on Cr(VI) sorption onto phosphorus-rich biochar, sewage sludge of different phosphorus concentrations from 4 to 60 mg·g by dry weight were prepared and carbonized to make biochar for batch sorption experiments. Test results revealed that different phosphorous concentration of raw sludge had respective impacts on surface area, pore surface area, average pore diameter and pH value of derived biochar. The adsorption kinetics of phosphorus-rich biochar could be described by the pseudo-second-order model. The sorption isotherm data followed Langmiur model better than Freundlich model. Biochar produced from sludge with phosphorus concentration of 20 mg·g gave the largest chromium sorption capacity, which could be attributed to its largest surface area and pores surface area comparing with those of biochars from sludge with other phosphorus concentrations. The chromium loaded biochar was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction measurement. The results indicated that chemical functional groups hydroxyl and methyl on surface of biochar were involved in Cr(VI) binding and its reducing to Cr(III). Then, a portion of Cr(III) in form of various phosphate precipitates was bound onto biochar surface and the rest was released into the solution. The experimental results suggested that phosphorus played an important role in pore and surface area development of sludge biochar during pyrolytic process. It also could react with Cr(III) on the biochar surface that impacted on capacity of Cr(VI) removal from solution by sludge biochar. Therefore, phosphorus concentration in sludge should be considered when sludge pyrolytic residue would be reused for heavy metals sorbing.

关键词: phosphorus     biochar     sewage sludge     hexavalent chromium     adsorption    

Phosphorus supply and management in vegetable production systems in China

Rui WANG, Weiming SHI, Yilin LI

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 348-356 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019277

摘要:

Vegetable production systems involve high rates of chemical and organic fertilizer applications, leading to significant P accumulation in vegetable soils, as well as a decrease in P use efficiency (PUE), which is one of the key limiting factors in vegetable production. This review introduces the vegetable production systems in China and their fertilization status, and analyzes probable causes of overfertilization of vegetable fields. Poorly developed root systems and high P demand have led to the need to maintain much higher available P concentrations in the root zone for regular growth of vegetables, which might necessitate higher phosphate fertilizer input than the plants require. Research on strategies to improve vegetable PUE and the mechanisms of these strategies are summarized in this review. Increasing the P uptake by vegetables by supplying P during the critical growth stage and effectively utilizing the accumulated P by optimizing the C:P ratio in soils can substantially increase PUE. These advances will provide a basis for improving PUE and optimizing phosphate fertilizer applications in vegetable production through regulatory measures. In addition, some policies are recommended that could ensure the safety of vegetables and improve product quality. This review also aims to improve understanding of P cycling in vegetable fields and assist in the development of best practices to manage P reserves globally.

关键词: phosphate fertilizer     phosphorus use efficiency     vegetable production systems     phosphorus management     policy recommendation    

Anoxic phosphorus removal in a pilot scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch process

Hongxun HOU, Shuying WANG, Yongzhen PENG, Zhiguo YUAN, Fangfang YIN, Wang GAN

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 106-111 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0005-8

摘要: The anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch (A /O OD) process is popularly used to eliminate nutrients from domestic wastewater. In order to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal, and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in the A /O OD process, a pilot-scale A /O OD plant (375 L) was conducted. At the same time batch tests using sequence batch reactors (12 L and 4 L) were operated to reveal the significance of anoxic phosphorus removal. The results indicated that: The average removal efficiency of COD, , , and TN were 88.2%, 92.6%, 87.8%, and 73.1%, respectively, when the steady state of the pilot-scale A /O OD plant was reached during 31-73 d, demonstrating a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. Phosphorus uptake took place in the anoxic zone by poly-phosphorus accumulating organisms could be used as electron receptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal, and the phosphorus uptake rate with as the electron receptor was higher than that with when the initial concentration of either or was 40 mg/L.

关键词: wastewater treatment     anaerobic-anoxic (A2/O)     oxidation ditch (OD)     biological phosphorus removal     denitrifying phosphorus removal    

Research on polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen transformations: Key aspects to biologic nitrogen and phosphorus

Hongjing LI, Yinguang CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 283-290 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0243-9

摘要: In this paper, a study was conducted on the effect of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and glycogen transformations on biologic nitrogen and phosphorus removal in low dissolved oxygen (DO) systems. Two laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR1 and SBR2) were operating with anaerobic/aerobic (low DO, 0.15–0.45 mg·L ) configurations, which cultured a propionic to acetic acid ratio (molar carbon ratio) of 1.0 and 2.0, respectively. Fewer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), total PHA, and glycogen transformations were observed with the increase of propionic/acetic acid, along with more poly-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) and poly-3-hydroxy-2-methyvalerate (PH2MV) shifts. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 68% and 82% in SBR1 and SBR2, respectively. In the two SBRs, the soluble ortho-phosphate (SOP) removal efficiency was 94% and 99%, and the average sludge polyphosphate (poly-P) content (g·g-MLVSS ) was 8.3% and 10.2%, respectively. Thus, the propionic to acetic acid ratio of the influent greatly influenced the PHA form and quantity, glycogen transformation, and poly-P contained in activated sludge and further determined TN and SOP removal efficiency. Moreover, significant correlations between the SOP removal rate and the (PHV+ PH2MV)/PHA ratio were observed ( >0.99). Accordingly, PHA and glycogen transformations should be taken into account as key components for optimizing anaerobic/aerobic (low DO) biologic nitrogen and phosphorus removal systems.

关键词: low dissolved oxygen (DO)     biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal     polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)     glycogen    

Optimization of phosphorus removal in uniFed SBR system for domestic wastewater treatment

Xuguang TANG, Shuying WANG, Yongzhen PENG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 475-481 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0244-8

摘要: The characteristic of phosphorus removal and appropriate change of the traditional operation modes were investigated in UniFed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) laboratory-scale apparatus (40 L), treating actual domestic wastewater with low ratios of C/N (2.57) and C/P (30.18), providing theoretical basis for actual application of wastewater treatment plant. UniFed SBR system with its unique operation mode had the distinct superiority of phosphorus removal. On this occasion, the effect of volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and the method of influent introduction for phosphorus removal were studied. When the carbon source became the limiting factor to phosphorus release, the higher the VER, the lower the phosphorus concentration in the effluent. Three different influent patterns, including one-time filling, four-time filling, and continuous filling with the same quantity of wastewater could increase the release rate of anaerobic phosphorus from 0.082 to 0.143 mg·P·(L·min) . Appropriate change of the traditional operation modes could optimize the efficiency of phosphorus removal. When the feed/ decant time was extended from 2 h to 4 h, the phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 59.93% to 88.45% without any external carbon source. In the mode of alternation of anoxic-aerobic (A/O) condition, phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 55.07% to 72.27% clearly. The carbon source in the influent can be used adequately, and denitrifying phosphorus removal was carried out in anoxic stage 2 (A2). This mode was optimal for the treatment of actual domestic wastewater with low C/N and C/P ratios.

关键词: UniFed sequencing batch reactor (SBR)     phosphorus removal     volumetric exchange ratio (VER)     alternation of anoxic-aerobic (A/O)     domestic wastewater    

Organic and inorganic phosphorus uptake by bacteria in a plug-flow microcosm

Jinbo ZHAO, Xuehua LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 173-184 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0494-3

摘要: Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient for sustaining natural water productivity. Both particulate and dissolved forms of organic and inorganic P are potentially important sources of bioavailable P for primary and secondary producers. A microcosm system to imitate the bacterial community in Plym river sediment and pore water is described and bacterial uptake rates for inorganic and organic phosphorus are presented in this paper. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of two organic phosphorus compounds (phytic acid and D-glucose-6-phosphate) by freshwater bacteria. The bioreactors comprise glass columns packed with two types of small glass beads on which bacterial biofilm can develop. The glass beads with different porosity were introduced to simulate River SPM. The selected P compounds spiked into the inflow of the microcosm, and measured the step change of P concentration in the outflow to investigate the behavior of bacterial uptake of nutrients. The results showed that organic phosphorus was converted into inorganic phosphorus but the conversion rate depended on the type of phosphorus species. One experiment suggested that phytic acid (refractory) could displace phosphate from the biofilm surface; the other experiment showed that D-glucose-6-phosphate (labile) could be hydrolysed and utilized easily by the bacteria. The results also suggested that bacteria might break down the C-P bonds to utilize the carbon. Further experiments should investigate the effect of varying the C:N:P ratio in the microcosm system to determine which nutrient limits bacteria uptake.

关键词: organic phosphorus     bacteria     uptake    

Genetic study and molecular breeding for high phosphorus use efficiency in maize

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《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 366-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019278

摘要:

Phosphorus is the second most important macronutrient after nitrogen and it has many vital functions in the life of plants. Most soils have a low available P content, which has become a key limiting factor for increasing crop production. Also, low P use efficiency (PUE) of crops in conjunction with excessive application of P fertilizers has resulted in serious environmental problems. Thus, dissecting the genetic architecture of crop PUE, mining related quantitative trait loci (QTL) and using molecular breeding methods to improve high PUE germplasm are of great significance and serve as an efficient approach for the development of sustainable agriculture. In this review, molecular and phenotypic characteristics of maize inbred lines with high PUE, related QTL and genes as well as low-P responses are summarized. Based on this, a breeding strategy applying genomic selection as the core, and integrating the existing genetic information and molecular breeding techniques is proposed for breeding high PUE maize inbred lines and hybrids.

关键词: maize     phosphorus use efficiency     quantitative trait loci     genetic study     molecular breeding     genomic selection    

Spatial distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments with different distances to the estuary of the

Shaoyong LU, Xiangcan JIN, Fengchang WU, Jing SI, Jianning GUO,

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 295-300 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0231-0

摘要: Effects of human activity on the distribution of phosphorus (P) forms were investigated for the sediments and porewaters in Daqinghe Estuary of Dianchi Lake, China. The concentrations of total P (TP), inorganic-P (I-P), and organic-P (Org-P), and the ratio of iron-bound P (Fe-P)/calcium-bound P (Ca-P) in the sediments decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. This is probably due to the flocculant materials, e.g., ferric and aluminous salts, usually being added in the wastewater treatment processes. The concentration of ammonia in the sediment porewaters significantly decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. Both concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrogen in the sediment porewaters decreased to some content with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. However, the concentrations of nitrate, dissolved total P (DTP), and TP did not have strong relationship with the distances from the sampling sites to the estuary. Pollution load and water quantity also had an important influence on the concentrations of P in sediments and its interstitial water in estuary sedimentary area.

关键词: estuary sedimentary area     phosphorus (P)     spatial distribution     human activity     the Dianchi Lake    

Denitrification and phosphorus uptake by DPAOs using nitrite as an electron acceptor by step-feed strategies

Bin MA, Shuying WANG, Guibing ZHU, Shijian GE, Junmin WANG, Nanqi Ren, Yongzhen PENG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 267-272 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0439-2

摘要: Denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) using nitrite as an electron acceptor can reduce more energy. However, nitrite has been reported to have an inhibition on denitrifying phosphorus removal. In this study, the step-feed strategy was proposed to achieve low nitrite concentration, which can avoid or relieve nitrite inhibition. The results showed that denitrification rate, phosphorus uptake rate and the ratio of the phosphorus uptaken to nitrite denitrified (anoxic P/N ratio) increased when the nitrite concentration was 15 mg·L after step-feeding nitrite. The maximum denitrification rate and phosphorus uptake rate was 12.73 mg and 18.75 mg , respectively. These rates were higher than that using nitrate (15 mg·L ) as an electron acceptor. The maximum anoxic P/N ratio was 1.55 mg . When the nitrite concentration increased from 15 to 20 mg after addition of nitrite, the anoxic phosphorus uptake was inhibited by 64.85%, and the denitrification by DPAOs was inhibited by 61.25%. Denitrification rate by DPAOs decreased gradually when nitrite (about 20 mg·L ) was added in the step-feed SBR. These results indicated that the step-feed strategy can be used to achieve denitrifying phosphorus removal using nitrite as an electron acceptor, and nitrite concentration should be maintained at low level (<15 mg·L in this study).

关键词: denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs)     denitrification     phosphorus uptake     nitrite     step-feed     enhanced biological phosphorus removal    

Highlights of special issue on “Sustainable Phosphorus Use in Agri-Food System”

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《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 311-312 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019285

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Comparison of analytical procedures for measuring phosphorus content of animal manures in China

null

期刊论文

Advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in A

Jianhua WANG, Yongzhen PENG, Yongzhi CHEN

期刊论文

Comments on “Innovations for phosphorus sustainability: implications for the whole food chain” in specialissue of “Sustainable Phosphorus Use in Agri-Food System”

Peter M. VITOUSEK, Xuejun LIU

期刊论文

Kinetic analysis of anaerobic phosphorus release during biological phosphorus removal process

DOU Junfeng, LIU Xiang, LUO Guyuan

期刊论文

Phosphorus use efficiency and fertilizers: future opportunities for improvements

null

期刊论文

Effects of phosphorus concentration on Cr(VI) sorption onto phosphorus-rich sludge biochar

DING Wenchuan,PENG Wenlong,ZENG Xiaolan,TIAN Xiumei

期刊论文

Phosphorus supply and management in vegetable production systems in China

Rui WANG, Weiming SHI, Yilin LI

期刊论文

Anoxic phosphorus removal in a pilot scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch process

Hongxun HOU, Shuying WANG, Yongzhen PENG, Zhiguo YUAN, Fangfang YIN, Wang GAN

期刊论文

Research on polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen transformations: Key aspects to biologic nitrogen and phosphorus

Hongjing LI, Yinguang CHEN

期刊论文

Optimization of phosphorus removal in uniFed SBR system for domestic wastewater treatment

Xuguang TANG, Shuying WANG, Yongzhen PENG

期刊论文

Organic and inorganic phosphorus uptake by bacteria in a plug-flow microcosm

Jinbo ZHAO, Xuehua LIU

期刊论文

Genetic study and molecular breeding for high phosphorus use efficiency in maize

null

期刊论文

Spatial distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments with different distances to the estuary of the

Shaoyong LU, Xiangcan JIN, Fengchang WU, Jing SI, Jianning GUO,

期刊论文

Denitrification and phosphorus uptake by DPAOs using nitrite as an electron acceptor by step-feed strategies

Bin MA, Shuying WANG, Guibing ZHU, Shijian GE, Junmin WANG, Nanqi Ren, Yongzhen PENG

期刊论文

Highlights of special issue on “Sustainable Phosphorus Use in Agri-Food System”

null

期刊论文