Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 32

会议视频 1

年份

2023 1

2022 4

2021 2

2019 3

2018 1

2017 1

2016 2

2014 1

2012 3

2011 2

2010 3

2009 3

2007 1

2006 1

2004 1

2003 1

2001 1

展开︾

关键词

青藏高原 7

多年冻土 2

青藏高原腹地 2

黄土高原 2

2022全球工程前沿 1

SWAT模型 1

上游关键敏感区 1

中日JICA项目 1

云南高原湖泊 1

亚高原地区 1

低能耗建筑 1

信息有序网络结构 1

分子荧光光谱 1

区域环境 1

协同发展 1

双态控制器 1

可接受的风险评价 1

土地利用变化 1

地球卫星遥感监测 1

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

Transforming the Loess Plateau of China

Yuheng LI,Guoming DU,Yansui LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 181-185 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016110

摘要： This paper aims to show the importance of land consolidation in transforming the Loess Plateau of China. The paper comprehensively analyzes how over recent decades the Grain for Green Project and Gully Land Consolidation Project jointly transformed the ecology and landscape of the Loess Plateau and the livelihood of its residents. The findings show that these two projects have achieved a balance between green protection, new land creation, and improved food security and livelihood of local people in the hilly areas of China. The paper points out that the successful transformation of the Plateau lies in a holistic approach incorporating various components of the human and natural systems. Finally, the paper highlights the necessity of retaining these two land consolidation projects as part of an ongoing policy in the mountain and hilly areas of China, changing agricultural management to suit the new relationship between humans and the land.

关键词： China critical zone land consolidation Loess Plateau sustainability

HTML PDF 收藏

QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE LOESS PLATEAU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 501-511 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021425

摘要：

The Loess Plateau is the core area in the Yellow River basin for implementing environmental protection and high-quality development strategies. A series of ecological projects has implemented aimed at soil and water conservation and ecological management on the Loess Plateau over the past 70 years. The effects of the ecological projects are apparent mainly through a marked increase in vegetation cover, controlled soil erosion and reduced flow of sediment into the Yellow River, continual optimization of the industrial structure and increased production from arable land, poverty alleviation and greater prosperity, and optimal allocation of space for biological organisms. Major problems have also been analyzed in ecological management including the fragile ecosystem of the region, maintaining the stability of vegetation, lower agricultural productivity and continued risk from natural disasters. Some suitable schemes and models have been developed for the coordinated development of the region through research and demonstration, striking the optimum balance between rural industry and ecology, and increased regional capacity to supply high-quality ecological products. Countermeasures to address the problems are suggested to guide ecological management and high-quality development in the future.

关键词： ecological management high quality development industrial structure soil erosion soil and water conservation Loess Plateau

HTML PDF 收藏

TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE ON THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA TOWARD GREEN DEVELOPMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 491-500 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021428

摘要：

Loess Plateau of China is a typical dryland agricultural area. Agriculture there has transformed from food shortage toward green development over the past seven decades, and has achieved world-renowned achievements. During 1950–1980, the population increased from 42 to 77 million, increasing grain production to meet food demand of rapid population growth was the greatest challenge. Engineering measures such as terracing and check-dam were the crucial strategies to increase crop production. From 1981 to 2000, most of agronomic measures played a key role in increasing crops yield, and a series of policy support has benefited millions of smallholders. As expected, these measures and policies greatly increased crop production and basically achieved food security; but, low per capita GDP (only about 620 USD in 2000) was still a big challenge. During 2001–2015, the increase in agricultural and non-agricultural income together supported the increase in farmer income to 5781 USD·yr^–1. Intensive agriculture that relies heavily on chemicals increased crop productivity by 56%. Steadfast policy support such as “Grain for Green Program” had an overwhelming advantage in protecting the natural ecological environment. In the new era, the integration of science and technology innovations, policy support and positive societal factors will be the golden key to further improve food production, protect environment, and increase smallholder income.

关键词： agronomic technologies economic returns education environmental cost food production government policy

HTML PDF 收藏

Abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in Tibetan and Yunnan plateau agricultural soils

Kun DING,Xianghua WEN,Liang CHEN,Daishi HUANG,Fan FEI,Yuyang LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第5期页码 693-702 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0635-3

摘要： As low oxygen and high ultraviolet (UV) exposure might significantly affect the microbial existence in plateau, it could lead to a specialized microbial community. To determine the abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in agricultural soil of plateau, seven soil samples were collected respectively from farmlands in Tibet and Yunnan cultivating the wheat, highland-barley, and colza, which are located at altitudes of 3200–3800 m above sea level. Quantitative PCR (q-PCR) and clone library targeting on gene were used to quantify the abundances of AOA and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and characterize the community structures of AOA in the samples. The number of AOA cells (9.34 × 10 –2.32 × 10 g soil) was 3.86–21.84 times greater than that of AOB cells (6.91 × 10 –1.24 × 10 g soil) in most of the samples, except a soil sample cultivating highland-barley with an AOA/AOB ratio of 0.90. Based Kendall’s correlation coefficient, no remarkable correlation between AOA abundance and the environmental factor was observed. Additionally, the diversities of AOA community were affected by total nitrogen and organic matter concentration in soils, suggesting that AOA was probably sensitive to several environmental factors, and could adjust its community structure to adapt to the environmental variation while maintaining its abundance.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing archaea ammonia-oxidizing bacteria quantitative PCR clone library plateau

HTML PDF 收藏

岩石圈深部探测与青藏高原研究

赵文津

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第2期页码 1-15

摘要：

论述了岩石圈深部探测的作用和重大意义，它是一项国土基础地质情况的调查，可以为找矿预测、地震预报、能源开发及大陆动力学研究等多目标服务,是21世纪中国区域地质调查的重要内容，是一项伟大的科学工程；美国、前苏联和中国此前均已作了大量工作，但是有待深化和进一步开展调查；简要介绍了青藏高原近些年来开展深部调查的情况和取得的主要最新成果。

关键词：岩石圈深部探测青藏高原

HTML PDF 收藏

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China

Hongwei Yu,Junrong Shao,Huawei Jia,Diga Gang,Baiwen Ma,Chengzhi Hu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.007

摘要： Microplastics (MPs; < 5 mm) have become one of the most prominent global environmental pollution problems. MPs can spread to high altitudes through atmospheric transport and can be deposited by rainfall or snowfall, potentially threatening the structure and function of natural ecosystems. MPs in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems alter the growth and functional characteristics of organisms. However, little attention has been given to the possible harm associated with MPs deposited in snow, particularly in the context of global climate warming. MPs collected from surface snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China, were used for quantitative analysis and identification. The results showed that MPs were easily detected, and the related concentration was approximately 68 ± 10–199 ± 22 MPs·L⁻¹ in snow samples. Fibers were the most common morphology, the polymer composition was largely varied, and the abundance and composition of MPs were linked to human activity to a great extent. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the composition and abundance of microorganisms also differed in snow samples from areas with different MP pollution characteristics, indicating a considerable difference in microbial functional diversity. MPs may have an interference effect on the individual growth and functional expression of microorganisms in snow. In addition, the results showed that functional living areas (e.g., landfills and suburban areas) in cities play an important role in the properties of MPs. For instance, the highest abundance of MPs was found in thermal power plants, whereas the abundance of polymers per sample was significantly lower in landfills. The MP contaminants hidden in snow can alter microbial structure and function and are therefore a potential threat to ecosystem health.

关键词： Human activities Snow Microplastics Microbial community Urban function Environmental effect

HTML PDF 收藏

气候变化与青藏高原工程设计

任国玉

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 90-95

摘要：

最近半个世纪，青藏高原地面气候发生了一定变化，主要表现在地面平均气温明显上升，冬季、夜间和城镇区域气温上升尤其显著，多数地区降水量呈现不同程度增加。气候变暖对高原地区自然和人类系统产生了一定影响。预计未来青藏高原气候总体将继续趋向变暖，这可能对冰冻圈、河湖系统、陆地植被、农业自然条件、能源气候资源、交通和水利设施、城镇人居环境等产生明显影响。与生态保护和经济社会发展有关的各类大型工程的规划、设计和维护，需要考虑今后气候变化的可能影响，及早制定可行的适应性措施。

关键词：气候变化适应生态环境工程设计青藏高原

HTML PDF 收藏

Particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in typical urban of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: Characterization

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1535-6

摘要：

• The sampling was conducted in city on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau for one year.

关键词： Particle-associated PAHs Fine particle Source appointment Group analysis Risk assessment Biomass burning

HTML PDF 收藏

青藏高原“敏感区”对我国灾害天气气候的影响及其监测

徐祥德

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第10期页码 96-107

摘要：

根据中国区域大范围洪涝、暴雨、暴雪天气预报上游关键区，以及气候变化敏感区多圈层信息平台等重大需求。从“世界屋脊”青藏高原为灾害性天气上游关键区与气候信号敏感区的观点出发，提出高原及周边观测工程建网新思路与应用新技术方案，设计、构建了新一代气象综合观测预警长期监测系统，实现科学试验－工程建设－工程应用开发途径，发展高原及周边敏感区灾害天气上游早期预警系统监测平台，为灾害性天气预报与区域气候变化提供多功能业务服务应用平台；采用高原东缘南－北轴向观测数据信息（GPS监测站与AWS站）应用于改进WRF（weather research and forecasts）模式三维变分方案，实现了模式优化站网信息的同化技术，可提升中国区域暴雨、南方雪灾模式预报能力。针对夏季暴雨、南方暴雪，检验、证明了高原观测工程布网“早期预警”的显著效果。

关键词：青藏高原上游关键敏感区灾害天气早期预警

HTML PDF 收藏

青藏高原多圈层相互作用观测工程及其应用

马耀明

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 28-34

摘要：

青藏高原作为地球的第三极，是“水—冰—气—生”多圈层体现最全，且相互作用最强烈的地区。高原强大的动力和热力作用显著地影响着东亚气候格局、亚洲季风进程和北半球大气环流。全球气候变化不仅影响到青藏高原本身的水圈与冰冻圈过程，改变青藏高原内部的生态系统与环境，影响该地区社会经济发展与人民生存条件，而且通过大气环流与水循环过程直接影响到东亚及周边国家的用水安全和自然灾害防护。正确认识青藏高原复杂地表多圈层相互作用规律的一条有效途径是在各种不同的下垫面上建立多圈层相互作用综合观测站（点）。在中国科学院和国家相关部门的支持下，过去的7年中，中国科学院青藏高原研究所与其他相关单位一道正在整个青藏高原面上逐步建立“青藏高原观测研究平台”以研究该地区复杂地表的多圈层相互作用规律。首先具体介绍中国科学院青藏高原研究所在高原上已经建立的5个综合观测研究站，然后介绍利用各个站点观测资料分析得到的多圈层相互作用（主要是地气相互作用）的研究结果，最后提出了青藏高原多圈层相互作用观测试验研究所面临的难题和可能的解决办法。

关键词：青藏高原多圈层相互作用过程观测结果

HTML PDF 收藏

基于生态系统健康视角下的云南高原湖泊水环境问题的诊断与解决理念

段昌群,何峰,刘嫦娥,和树庄,张国盛

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第6期页码 60-64

摘要：

以滇池为代表，从生态系统健康的视角分析云南高原湖泊水环境问题的特点，提出解决问题的宏观路径，对未来重点应解决的关键问题进行了讨论。

关键词：云南高原湖泊水环境滇池生态系统健康

HTML PDF 收藏

青藏北块M≥7强震有序网络结构与汶川8级大震预测回顾

门可佩

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 82-88

摘要：

自1700年以来，青藏北块地区M≥7强震具有显著的有序性，其主要有序值为53~54 a，26~27 a，11~12 a与3~4 a等。根据翁文波信息预测理论，运用自组织网络技术构建本区7级强震信息有序网络结构，努力探索具有中国特色自主创新的强震中长期预测方法。据此有序网络结构，可对2008年汶川8级大震进行预测和分析。此外，还讨论了汶川大震的成因，同时对本区未来7级以上强震提出预测意见：2012，2016，2027年前后本区仍有可能发生7级左右强震。研究结果表明：强震和强震链是可以预测的，强震活动所呈现出的网络特性很可能是大地震形成的一种机制。笔者提出的有序网络方法，对于强震的中长期跨越式（特别是长时间、长距离）预测具有独特的效果，可为建立我国早期强震预警系统提供有效工具。

关键词：青藏北块信息有序网络结构汶川大震强震预测

HTML PDF 收藏

亚高原地区弹射救生控制技术研究

苏炳君,戴述银,周　方,林贵平

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第6期页码 38-42

摘要：

为实现隔行扫描到逐行扫描的视频扫描格式转换，提出了一种时空权重和边缘自适应的去隔行算法，主要包括运动估计、小角度边缘搜索、时空权重计算、自适应插值等。该算法通过4场相邻像素的最大灰度变化与运动阈值比较实现对当前像素的运动估计，采用自适应搜索半径和并行搜索树的方法实现小角度边缘检测，并且增加对半像素边缘的考虑实现最小6°边缘的检测，最后通过时空权重自适应的插值算法实现去隔行处理，取得很好的处理效果。

关键词：亚高原地区弹射救生双态控制器

HTML PDF 收藏

藏北高原草地生态治理与畜牧业协同发展模式研究

干珠扎布,胡国铮,高清竹,江村旺扎,旦久罗布,参木友,巴桑旺堆,杨富裕,魏学红,杨永平

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 93-98 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.013

摘要：

藏北高原是我国重要的生态安全屏障和高原特色畜牧业基地，而高寒草地退化严重制约着其生态和生产功能，给生态保护和畜牧业发展带来了挑战。本文在深入分析藏北高原生态治理与畜牧业发展状况的基础上，探讨了藏北高寒草地生态与生产功能的主要影响因素，提出了藏北高原草地生态治理与畜牧业协同发展的模式体系。研究表明，通过草地生态恢复、优化放牧管理方式、人工牧草种植、低海拔农区种草高海拔牧区养畜的“低草高牧”模式、冬季半舍饲养殖等一系列措施，能够推进高寒草地生态功能提升、促进草地畜牧业转型升级，实现“保护中发展”与“发展中保护”。相关研究将为治边稳藏、保障国家生态安全、增加牧民收入提供战略引导和科技支撑。

关键词：藏北高原生态修复草地畜牧业协同发展

HTML PDF 收藏

黄土高原典型流域淤地坝系泥沙拦截动态模拟 Article

孙彭成, 吴一平

《工程（英文）》 2023年第27卷第8期页码 209-221 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.015

摘要：

淤地坝建设是黄土高原地区最具成效的水土保持措施之一，在全球水土流失严重地区也得到广泛应用。淤地坝拦沙的定量模拟是其效益评估的关键所在，也是区域淤地坝规划建设的重要基础。为此，本研究基于流域分布式水沙过程模拟，提出了流域淤地坝系拦沙量动态模拟框架，SWAT-DCDam (soil and water assessment tool-dynamic check dam)。在SWAT-DCDam框架中，DCDam模块生成全流域淤地坝的动态级联结构，以SWAT模型径流和输沙模拟驱动DCDam模块，给出各淤地坝拦沙动态。本研究以黄土高原中部延河流域为典型研究区，在分析流域淤地坝建设演变特征的基础上，模拟近60年（1957—2016）流域淤地坝拦沙动态演变过程，采用累积淤积量野外调查数据评估了模型表现，并定量分析了坝系拦沙对流域减沙的贡献。结果表明，流域淤地坝结构特征发生趋势性变化，大型和中型淤地坝的坝体高度分别增加37.14%和9.22%，同时，大型和中型淤地坝的控制面积分别减少46.03%和10.56%。模型评估结果表明，SWAT-DCDam表现良好，对淤地坝累积淤积量高估11.5%，在延河流域，淤地坝拦沙贡献流域总减沙量的15%。本研究成果可为区域水土流失综合治理和淤地坝规划建设提供方法与技术支持。

关键词：淤地坝淤地坝动态库容黄土高原淤地坝拦沙动态 SWAT模型