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Organic conjugated polymers and polymer dots as photocatalysts for hydrogen production

《能源前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 667-677 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0767-7

摘要: Owing to the outstanding characteristics of tailorable electronic and optical properties, semiconducting polymers have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Among them, organic polymer dots process large breadth of potential synthetic diversity are the representative of photocatalysts for hydrogen production, which presents both an opportunity and a challenge. In this mini-review, first, the organic polymer photocatalysts were introduced. Then, recent reports on polymer dots which showed a superior photocatalytic activity and a robust stability under visible-light irradiation, for hydrogen production were summarized. Finally, challenges and outlook on using organic polymer dots-based photocatalysts from hydrogen production were discussed.

关键词: polymer dots (Pdots)     photocatalysis     hydrogen production    

Construction of interfacial dynamic bonds for high performance lignin/polymer biocomposites

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1372-1388 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2302-3

摘要: Lignin is the largest natural aromatic biopolymer, but usually treated as industrial biomass waste. The development of lignin/polymer biocomposites can promote the high value utilization of lignin and the greening of polymers. However, the weak interfacial interaction between industrial lignin and polymer induces poor compatibility and serious agglomeration in polymer owing to the strong intermolecular force of lignin. As such, it is extremely difficult to prepare high performance lignin/polymer biocomposites. Recently, we proposed the strategy of in situ construction of interfacial dynamic bonds in lignin/polymer composites. By taking advantage of the abundant oxygen-containing polar groups of lignin, we inserted dynamic bonding connection such as hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds into the interphase between lignin and the polymer matrix to improve the interfacial interactions. Meanwhile, the natural amphiphilic structure characteristics of lignin were utilized to construct the hierarchical nanophase separation structure in lignin/polymer composites. The persistent problems of poor dispersity and interfacial compatibility of lignin in the polymer matrix were effectively solved. The lignin-modified polymer composites achieved simultaneously enhanced strength and toughness. This concise review systematically summarized the recent research progress of our group toward building high-performance lignin/polymer biocomposites through the design of interfacial dynamic bonds (hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds, and dynamic covalent bonds) between lignin and different polymer systems (polar plastics, rubber, polyurethane, hydrogels, and other polymers). Finally, the future development direction, main challenges, and potential solutions of lignin application in polymers were presented.

关键词: lignin     polymer     interfacial dynamic bonds    

Effect of polymer structures on electro-optical properties of polymer stabilized liquid crystal films

WANG Shoulian, HE Jie, ZENG Yu, YAN Bin, WANG Yinghan

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 265-268 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0054-8

摘要: The polymer stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) film is a relatively novel electro-optical material, which is generally obtained by dissolving a small amount of a bifunctional photoreactive monomer in a low molecular mass liquid crystal. In this paper, the PSLC films were prepared with photoreactive biphenyl methacrylate monomers by photopolymerization induced phase separation. The effects of liquid crystal concentration, curing time, monomer structures and alignment layer on the electro-optical properties of PSLC films were investigated. The results show that the transmittance in the OFF state () increased with the liquid crystal concentration, but the driving voltage decreased. was also influenced by the curing time. Furthermore, when polyimide was used as alignment layer, the films prepared from the bifunctional monomer shows a higher T, while those from the single functional monomer exhibited a deformed electro-optical curve due to the unsteady polymer networks.

Deformation analysis of shape memory polymer for morphing wing skin under airflow

Weilong YIN, Jingcang LIU, Jinsong LENG,

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第4卷 第4期   页码 447-449 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0062-5

摘要: The method for analyzing the out-of-plane deformation of a flexible skin under airflow is developed in this paper. The aerodynamic analysis is performed using the CFD software, and the structural analysis is performed using finite element method. The chief aim of the present study is to investigate the out-of-plane deformation of the shape memory polymer (SMP) skin at different temperatures. Numerical results show that the maximum out-of-plane displacement of the SMP skin increases with increasing temperature. When the SMP skin is heated to 53°C, the maximum out-of-plane displacement is about 7 mm. It decreases by 72%, when the SMP skin is applied with a uniform pre-strain of 0.1.

关键词: aircraft     morphing     skin     shape memory polymer (SMP)     deformation     pre-strain    

Fracture model for the prediction of the electrical percolation threshold in CNTs/Polymer composites

Yang SHEN, Pengfei HE, Xiaoying ZHUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 125-136 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0396-8

摘要: In this paper, we propose a 3D stochastic model to predict the percolation threshold and the effective electric conductivity of CNTs/Polymer composites. We consider the tunneling effect in our model so that the unrealistic interpenetration can be avoided in the identification of the conductive paths between the CNTs inside the polymer. The results are shown to be in good agreement with reported experimental data.

关键词: electrical percolation     CNTs/Polymer composites     fracture model     electric conductivity     tunnelling effects    

Experimental investigation on freeze−thaw durability of polymer concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 1038-1046 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0748-2

摘要: Assessing the durability of concrete is of prime importance to provide an adequate service life and reduce the repairing cost of structures. Freeze–thaw is one such test that indicates the ability of concrete to last a long time without a significant loss in its performance. In this study, the freeze–thaw resistance of polymer concrete containing different polymer contents was explored and compared to various conventional cement concretes. Concretes’ fresh and hardened properties were assessed for their workability, air content, and compressive strength. The mass loss, length change, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and residual compressive strength were determined for all types of concretes subjected to freeze–thaw cycles according to ASTM C666-procedure A. Results showed that polymer concrete (PC) specimens prepared with higher dosages of polymer contents possessed better freeze–thaw durability compared to other specimens. This high durability performance of PCs is mainly due to their impermeable microstructures, absence of water in their structure, and the high bond strength between aggregates and a polymer binder. It is also indicated that the performance of high-strength concrete containing air-entraining admixture is comparable with PC having optimum polymer content in terms of residual compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, mass loss, and length change.

关键词: durability test     freeze-thaw resistance     polymer concrete     residual compressive strength     ASTM C666-15    

Tribological study on the surface modification of metal-on-polymer bioimplants

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0682-6

摘要: The tribological performance of artificial joints is regarded as the main factor of the lifespan of implanted prostheses. The relationship between surface roughness and coefficient of friction (COF) under dry and lubricated conditions is studied. Results show that under dry test, friction coefficient is not reduced all the time with a decrease in surface roughness. On the contrary, a threshold of roughness value is observed, and frictional force increases again below this value. This critical value lies between 40 and 100 nm in Sa (roughness). This phenomenon is due to the transfer of friction mechanisms from abrasion to adhesion. Under wet test, COF always decreases with reduction in surface roughness. This result is mainly attributed to the existence of a thin layer of lubricant film that prevents the intimate contact of two articulating surfaces, thus greatly alleviating adhesion friction. Furthermore, surface texturing technology is successful in improving the corresponding tribological performance by decreasing friction force and mitigating surface deterioration. The even-distribution mode of texturing patterns is most suitable for artificial joints. By obtaining the optimal surface roughness and applying texturing technology, the tribological performance of polymer-based bioimplants can be greatly enhanced.

关键词: artificial joints     surface roughness     friction     surface texturing    

Hyperbranched magnetic polymer: highly efficient removal of Cr(VI) and application in electroplating

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1568-1580 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2303-2

摘要: By using a two-step hydrothermal method and trithiocyanuric acid (TTCA), 2,4,6-trihydrazino-1,3,5-triazine (THT), and Fe3O4 as raw materials, a spherical magnetic adsorbent polymer (TTCA/THT@Fe3O4) was synthesized to achieve the efficient removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. Under optimal adsorption conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of TTCA/THT@Fe3O4 for Cr(VI) can reach 1340 mg∙g‒1. Notably, the removal efficiency can approach 98.9%, even at the lower concentration of 20 mg∙L‒1 Cr(VI). For actual wastewater containing Cr(VI), the Cr(VI) concentration was reduced from 25.8 to 0.4 mg∙L‒1, a remarkable 20% lower than the current industry discharge standard value. A mechanism for the high adsorption performance of Cr(VI) on TTCA/THT@Fe3O4 was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory. It can be plausibly attributed to the formation of Cr/N and Cr/S coordination bonds. Additionally, surface electrostatic adsorption, reduction effects, and the spherical polymer structure increase the contact area with Cr(VI), maximizing adsorption. The synergistic effect of adsorption and reduction enhances the adsorption performance of TTCA/THT@Fe3O4 for Cr(VI) and total chromium in water. The resultant polymer has a simple preparation process, excellent adsorption performance, easy magnetic separation, and promising application for actual wastewater.

关键词: magnetic polymer     chromium removal     hydrogen bonding     recyclability     actual wastewater    

Selective sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents

Shubo DENG, Danmeng SHUAI, Qiang YU, Jun HUANG, Gang YU

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 171-177 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0017-4

摘要: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), as a potential persistent organic pollutant, has been widely detected in water environments, and has become a great concern in recent years. PFOS is very stable and difficult to decompose using conventional techniques. Sorption may be an attractive method to remove it from water. In this study, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) adsorbents were prepared through the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine under different preparation conditions in order to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from water. The MIP adsorbents using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the template had good imprinting effects and could selectively remove PFOS from aqueous solution. The sorption behaviors including sorption kinetics, isotherms, and effect of pH, salt, and competitive anions were investigated. Experimental results showed that the sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was very fast, pH-dependent, and highly selective. The achieved fast sorption equilibrium within 1 h was attributed to the surface sorption on the fine adsorbents. The sorption isotherms showed that the sorption selectivity of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents decreased at high PFOS concentrations, which may be due to the double-layer sorption and the formation of PFOS micelles on the sorbent surface. The sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the protonated vinylpyridine on the adsorbent surface and the anionic PFOS. The prepared MIP adsorbents can potentially be applied in water and wastewater treatment for selective removal of PFOS.

关键词: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)     molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) adsorbents     selective sorption     electrostatic interaction    

Invading target cells: multifunctional polymer conjugates as therapeutic nucleic acid carriers

Ulrich L?CHELT, Ernst WAGNER

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 275-286 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1203-z

摘要: Polymer-based conjugates are an interesting option and challenge for the design of nano-sized drug-delivery systems, as they require advanced conjugation chemistry and precise engineering. In the case of nucleic acid therapy, non-viral carriers face several biological barriers during the delivery process, namely 1) protection of the cargo from extracellular degradation, 2) avoidance of non-specific interactions with non-targeted tissues, 3) efficient entry into the target cells, 4) intracellular trafficking to the site of action and 5) cargo release. To take on these obstacles, multifunctional conjugates can act as “smart polymers” with microenvironment-sensing dynamics to facilitate the separate delivery steps. Synthesis of defined polymer architectures with precise functionalization enables structure-activity relationships to be investigated and the integration of key functions for efficient delivery. Thus bioresponsive polymer conjugates, which are equipped with molecular devices responding to the certain microenvironments within the delivery pathway (e.g. pH, redox potential, enzymes) can be assembled. This review focuses on the modular engineering and conjugation of multifunctional polymeric structures for the utilization as “tailor-made” nucleic acid carriers.

关键词: conjugate     DNA     gene transfer     polymer     RNA     targeting    

Hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks/polymer microparticles for enhanced catalytic degradation

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 939-949 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2152-4

摘要: This work reports on a simple microfluidic strategy to controllably fabricate uniform polymeric microparticles containing hierarchical porous structures integrated with highly accessible catalytic metal organic frameworks for efficient degradation of organic contaminants. Monodisperse (W1/O)/W2 emulsion droplets generated from microfluidics are used as templates for the microparticle synthesis. The emulsion droplets contain tiny water microdroplets from homogenization and water nanodroplets from diffusion-induced swollen micelles as the dual pore-forming templates, and Fe-based metal-organic framework nanorods as the nanocatalysts. The obtained microparticles possess interconnected hierarchical porous structures decorated with highly accessible Fe-based metal-organic framework nanorods for enhanced degradation of organic contaminants via a heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. Such a degradation performance is highlighted by using these microparticles for efficient degradation of rhodamine B in hydrogen peroxide solution. This work provides a simple and general strategy to flexibly combine hierarchical porous structures and catalytic metal-organic frameworks to engineer advanced microparticles for water decontamination.

关键词: metal-organic framework     polymer microparticle     nanocatalyst     decontamination     organic contaminant    

Fabrication of magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer composite for the selective and

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1395-5

摘要:

• Magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer composite was synthesized.

关键词: Tetracyclines     Removal     Adsorption     Molecularly imprinted polymer     Magnetic graphene oxide    

Experimental and statistical investigation of a new concrete-composite beam with encased polymer tube

Abdelmadjid SI SALEM,Souad AIT TALEB,Kamal AIT TAHAR

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 154-162 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0296-8

摘要: A new concrete-composite beam with high mechanical performances to weight ratio is developed in this study. The proposed design technique consists to embed a cylindrical polymer tube wrapped by a GFRP Jacket in the mechanically ineffective concrete tensile zone. An experimental investigation is carried out on composite beams under bending loads until failure to evaluate the flexural capacity and the corresponding failure mechanisms. Based on the experimental results, statistical and preliminary reliability analyses using the FORM method are performed to assess the safety margin of the new beam. The confrontation between test and simulation results shows a satisfactory agreement, and represents a promising revelation regarding the improvement in terms of strength and ductility of such design compared to conventional reinforced concrete beams with traditional one.

关键词: design     GFRP-Jacket     polymer tube     test     reliability analysis    

Fabrication of ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) and robot design

Hanmin PENG, Qingjun Ding, Huafeng LI

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第4卷 第3期   页码 332-338 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0046-5

摘要: This paper describes a method for preliminary manufacturing experiments on a type of smart materials—ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs). They belong to EAP materials and are famous for their capability of huge displacement within a low voltage (1–3 V). With best operation quality in the humid environment, they can be made as underwater robots in simple structures. In this paper, two purposes are embodied. One focuses on the research on the IPMCs characteristics, including the actuating principle, manufacturing process, and parameters of performance. The other is that a relevant robot driven by IPMCs strips is designed. According to imitation propulsion mechanism of undulatory fins, IPMCs are designed for a novel bionic water vehicle propelled by undulatory multiple fish-like fins (made by IPMCs). The robot consists of three fins on the bottom tightly contacting by plastic foils with each other.

关键词: ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs)     artificial muscles     actuator     bionic robot     platinum-plated    

GO-modified flexible polymer nanocomposites fabricated via 3D stereolithography

Chi Him Alpha Tsang, Adilet Zhakeyev, Dennis Y.C. Leung, Jin Xuan

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 736-743 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1836-x

摘要: Graphene oxide (GO) induced enhancement of elastomer properties showed a great deal of potential in recent years, but it is still limited by the barrier of the complicated synthesis processes. Stereolithography (SLA), used in fabrication of thermosets and very recently in “flexible” polymers with elastomeric properties, presents itself as simple and user-friendly method for integration of GO into elastomers. In this work, it was first time demonstrated that GO loadings can be incorporated into commercial flexible photopolymer resins to successfully fabricate GO/elastomer nanocomposites via readily accessible, consumer-oriented SLA printer. The material properties of the resulting polymer was characterized and tested. The mechanical strength, stiffness, and the elongation of the resulting polymer decreased with the addition of GO. The thermal properties were also adversely affected upon the increase in the GO content based on differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis results. It was proposed that the GO agglomerates within the 3D printed composites, can result in significant change in both mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposites. This study demonstrated the possibility for the development of the GO/elastomer nanocomposites after the optimization of the GO/“flexible” photoreactive resin formulation for SLA with suitable annealing process of the composite in future.

关键词: graphene oxide     polymer     flexible     3D printing     stereolithography    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Organic conjugated polymers and polymer dots as photocatalysts for hydrogen production

期刊论文

Construction of interfacial dynamic bonds for high performance lignin/polymer biocomposites

期刊论文

Effect of polymer structures on electro-optical properties of polymer stabilized liquid crystal films

WANG Shoulian, HE Jie, ZENG Yu, YAN Bin, WANG Yinghan

期刊论文

Deformation analysis of shape memory polymer for morphing wing skin under airflow

Weilong YIN, Jingcang LIU, Jinsong LENG,

期刊论文

Fracture model for the prediction of the electrical percolation threshold in CNTs/Polymer composites

Yang SHEN, Pengfei HE, Xiaoying ZHUANG

期刊论文

Experimental investigation on freeze−thaw durability of polymer concrete

期刊论文

Tribological study on the surface modification of metal-on-polymer bioimplants

期刊论文

Hyperbranched magnetic polymer: highly efficient removal of Cr(VI) and application in electroplating

期刊论文

Selective sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents

Shubo DENG, Danmeng SHUAI, Qiang YU, Jun HUANG, Gang YU

期刊论文

Invading target cells: multifunctional polymer conjugates as therapeutic nucleic acid carriers

Ulrich L?CHELT, Ernst WAGNER

期刊论文

Hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks/polymer microparticles for enhanced catalytic degradation

期刊论文

Fabrication of magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer composite for the selective and

期刊论文

Experimental and statistical investigation of a new concrete-composite beam with encased polymer tube

Abdelmadjid SI SALEM,Souad AIT TALEB,Kamal AIT TAHAR

期刊论文

Fabrication of ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) and robot design

Hanmin PENG, Qingjun Ding, Huafeng LI

期刊论文

GO-modified flexible polymer nanocomposites fabricated via 3D stereolithography

Chi Him Alpha Tsang, Adilet Zhakeyev, Dennis Y.C. Leung, Jin Xuan

期刊论文