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Qualitative analysis of direction of public hospital reforms in China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 218-223 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0534-7

摘要：

Reforms in public hospitals are among the most important improvements in China’s health care system over the last two decades. However, the reforms that should be implemented in public hospitals are unclear. Thus, a feasible direction of reforms in Chinese public hospitals is suggested and reliable policy suggestions are provided for the government to reform public hospitals. The data used in this study were mainly derived from a qualitative study. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted in Shanghai, Guangdong, and Gansu between May and December 2014. Government funding accounted for approximately eight percent of the total annual revenue of public hospitals in China, and the insufficient government subsidy considerably affects the operation mechanism of public hospitals. However, solely increasing this subsidy cannot address the inappropriate incentives of public hospitals in China. The most crucial step in setting the direction of reforms in public hospitals in China is transforming inappropriate incentives by implementing a new evaluation index system for directors and physicians in public hospitals.

关键词： public hospital government hospital public funding operation mechanism

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The Routine and Emergency Coordinated Management of Public Security

Ning Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 331-338 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015063

摘要： The paper presents a study based on the observation of public security programme situations. Nowadays, public security management is faced with challenges such as the increase in non-traditional safety threats, high occurrence probability, obvious complex chain reactions, high security demand, vulnerable bearing systems and world-wide influences. For the new adapted requirements of public security management, this paper puts forward the concept of the coordinated routine and emergency management, which combines the routine management at normal status and the emergency management at the abnormal status based on the whole process of public security management. This paper analyzes the coordinated management system and establishes the decision-making objectives, decision-making model and constraints. In addition, this paper proposes the basic strategy of achieving the coordinated management of public security.

关键词： public security routine management emergency management coordinated management

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Connecting Information to Promote Public Health

Xue-mei Su,Jia Zhao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 384-389 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016054

摘要： With the development of information technology in the past 12 years, China has established the specialized or vertical web-based information systems for data collection of disease and related risk factor. These information systems are described as public health information systems (PHIS) in China. When PHIS has thus evolved in a haphazard and fragmented way under the pressure administrative, economic and legal, local health workers who are overburdened with multiple and time-consuming reporting requirements cannot deliver timely, accurate and complete data. Seeing that the information of disease surveillance is provided by hospitals and health service centers in China and that the development of electronic medical record (EMR) and electronic health record (EHR) occurs under the policy and investment of health since 2009 in China, there should be a connection and data sharing mechanism between EMR (EHR) and PHIS to support public health surveillance and public health decision-making. The paper aims at discussing current status and problems of PHIS in China, making a brief introduction on the blueprint of health information technology in China, exploring solution for interoperability between PHIS and EHR (EMR), and sharing some experiences and lessons from pilot project on automatic notifiable infectious disease reporting.

关键词： public health information system data exchange China

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Changes in public trust in physicians: empirical evidence from China

Dahai Zhao, Zhiruo Zhang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 504-510 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0666-4

摘要： Studies examining the trends in public trust in physicians have provided a considerable amount of valuable policy implications for policymakers compared with cross-sectional studies on this topic in many countries. This study investigated changes in public trust in physicians in China based on two cross-sectional national surveys conducted in 2011 and 2016 and identified the determinants of these changes. The results indicated 83.4% of respondents in 2011 reported trust or strong trust in physicians in China, which decreased to 64.2% by 2016. The results of ordinal logistic regression demonstrated that public trust in physicians in China had decreased significantly from 2011 to 2016 ( <0.001) after adjusting for other independent variables. Self-reported health status, self-rated happiness, and self-identified social class were all associated positively with public trust in physicians in China. The results also confirmed that decreasing public satisfaction with the most recent treatment experience was the major determinant of decreasing public trust in physicians in China. The findings of this study suggest that decreasing public trust in physicians deserves considerable attention from national policymakers and that improving satisfaction with treatment experiences would be the most effective strategy for enhancing public trust in physicians in China.

关键词： trust in physicians public trust physician-patient relationship health system performance

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Tender evaluation through efficiency analysis for public construction contracts

Stefan NIEWERTH, Peter VOGT, Markus THEWES

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 148-158 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0119-z

摘要： Given the European Public Procurement Directive 2014/24/EU, policymakers have ordered the inclusion of various criteria, such as the price, life-cycle costs, environmental, and social aspects, in the evaluation of tenders for public construction projects. Consequently, the relevance of non-monetary award criteria has gained significant value. However, the established evaluation formulas, which are used to obtain the best value for money procurement, have resulted in legal disputes. The existing evaluation formulas exhibit mathematical weaknesses, wherein scoring indices do not express economic efficiency adequately. Thus, a conflict is observed between the political requirement of non-monetary award criteria and their evaluation by contracting authorities. To overcome such dilemma, an extensive literature review is conducted. Specifically, this study explores the essential problems of existing evaluation formulas and develops a more reliable method. The technique from the field of efficiency analysis, i.e., Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), is adopted in this study. For contract awarding, the DEA is extended by introducing a decision theoretical framework. For public procurement, the proposed method combines two advantages. First, the proposed method ensures the derivation of a robust tender ranking given that with respect to clients’ preferences, irrelevant and insufficiently tailored tenders do not influence the scoring. Second, the proposed method supports the intention of policy makers to promote public goals, such as sustainable aspects. By disclosing the strengths and weaknesses of bidders with respect to their competitors, all bidders can obtain a precise overview of their performance regarding the award criteria. In sum, the proposed method allows a targeted improvement of certain criteria values in future tenders and consequently leads to an enhancement of public goals.

关键词： bid evaluation public procurement best value for money data envelopment analysis contractor selection

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Urban design based on public safety-Discussion on safety-based urban design

Kaizhen CAI, Jianguo WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 219-227 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0023-4

摘要： Because of public safety problems in construction of urban surroundings, this paper expounds the necessity of the study on public safety-based urban design in perspective of modern city. It brings forward the concept of safety-based urban design and attempts to explore the basic connotation and contents with framework for studies.

关键词： urban public safety urban design safety-based urban design

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Robust public-private partnerships for joint railway and property development

Ka Fai NG, Hong K. LO, Yue HUAI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 437-450 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017068

摘要： The involvement of the private sector in the construction or operation of an infrastructure project may enhance the financial viability of projects, which facilitates the formation of public-private partnership (PPP) for project delivery. PPP exploits the strength of the private sector by shifting certain project risks from the public party to the private sector who can efficiently manage certain risks. In joint railway and housing development, the approach of bundling railway and housing development (R&HD) allows cross-subsidization between immense railway construction cost and profitable housing rental revenue. This approach also provides flexibility in incorporating PPP models by distributing railway and housing revenues and costs and their inherent risks properly to the public and private sectors. Ng and Lo (2015a) developed an evaluation framework for joint railway and property development, which evaluates PPPs based on financial and construction criteria for selecting the best suitable PPP for a particular project. This study, which is based on the framework in Ng and Lo (2015a), aims to examine the robustness of various PPP configurations. This study analyzes the effects of PPP configurations on stakeholders’ risks and returns under population or demand growth and railway construction cost uncertainties. The eventual outcome of particular PPP configurations is also examined. This study also seeks to answer the following questions: How would optimal configuration change under highly volatile population and railway construction cost? Are there PPP configurations that are robust to these uncertainties and those that are sensitive to a particular uncertainty? This understanding is critical for managing risks and facilitating the formation of appropriate PPP for R&HD.

关键词： public-private partnership BFOOD housing and railway development

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Heat prices for public buildings in Tianjin

Boyuan HAO,Zhe TIAN,Yan DING,Peng PENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 249-259 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0412-z

摘要： Energy-saving awareness of heat users and heating enterprises can be stimulated by implementing heat metering for public buildings and by establishing scientific and reasonable policies for heat prices in China. In this paper, a two-part heat price for public buildings in Tianjin is introduced, which divides the heat price into a basic part and a metering part. According to the statistical analysis of information collected from two pilot heating enterprises, the specific heat load for public buildings in Tianjin is calculated, and three candidate schemes of heat price are proposed. A simulation of heat cost is also conducted, and the benefits for both heat users and heating enterprises are balanced. Finally, the two-part heat price for public buildings in Tianjin is determined: the basic heat price is recommended to be 20 CNY/m , and the metering heat price is recommended to be 76.10 CNY/GJ. Such a price could be implemented in the initial stage of heat metering for public buildings in Tianjin.

关键词： heat metering public buildings two-part heat price specific heat load

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Sustainable Supply Model Design of Public Rental Housing —Case Study of Chongqing

Xiao Li,Xiang Gu,Yue Teng,Pan Li

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 410-416 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014050

摘要： Public rental housing is an important governmental project. Within the next three years, Chongqing municipal government proposes building 40×10 m of public rental housing to solve the housing problem for 2 million people. Many problems of sustainability have happened in long-term large-scale construction, including gradually-slow renting progress, the shortage of funds, public rental housing community facilities are retrograde, and the selected sites are at the city’s edge. This paper analyzes the Chongqing public rental housing situation from the perspective of sustainable public rental housing supply, putting forward a sustainable supply model that is suitable for Chongqing, and then calculates their portion.

关键词： public rental housing sustainability supply model filtering theory

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Theoretical Analysis of Public Rental House Supply

Yue Teng,Bo Xu,Xiao Li,Ling Li,Xia-zhi Fang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 372-377 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014056

摘要： The public rental house (PRH) plays a significant role in our housing security system. Using the theory of public goods, both government and private enterprises have advantages and disadvantages in supplying the PRH. In order to optimize the present supply system of the PRH, this article introduces the delivery pattern of public and private partnerships (PPP) into the government allocation system, and improves it into public-intermediary-private-partnerships (PIPP), a new supply system through government, private enterprises and intermediary organization cooperation. It helps to better achieve the security role of the PRH in our society.

关键词： PIPP public rental house government supply PPP

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Sustainable public-private partnerships: Balancing the multi-actor ecosystem and societal requirements

Pekka Leviäkangas, Yanbing YE, Oluwole Alfred OLATUNJI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 347-356 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018020

摘要：

The funding gap of public infrastructure networks (roads, railways, ports, electricity, and energy lines) can be solved partly by introducing private capital for investments, i.e., public-private partnerships (PPP). This paper introduces an integrated model of a PPP project and investigates its implications on PPP policies and strategies regarding appropriate project appraisal and selection. The model has different resolution levels, namely, project level, business ecosystem level, and market and societal levels. The integrated model suggests that investing in merely financially viable projects is insufficient to realize economically and socially sustainable and acceptable projects.

关键词： public-private partnerships (PPP) project appraisal and selection integrated model socially sustainable

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Prevalence and determinations of physical inactivity among public hospital employees in Shanghai, China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 100-107 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0372-9

摘要：

This study aims to explore the prevalence and determinations of physical inactivity among hospital employees in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study of 4612 employees aged 19 to 68 years was conducted through stratified cluster sampling from different classes of Shanghai hospitals in 2011. The total physical activity was evaluated using the metabolic equivalent according to the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Among the participants, 38.5%, 32.3%, and 64.6% of the employees are inactive at work, commuting, and taking leisure time, respectively. Up to 41.8% of the men and 37.8% of the women (P = 0.012) are physically inactive. When the age and educational level are adjusted, male doctors and medical technicians show a higher percentage of physical inactivity than male workers in logistics (P = 0.001). Among females, employees who are working in second- and third-class hospitals show a higher proportion of physical inactivity than those who are working in community health care centers. Logistic regression analyses show that the odds ratios (ORs) of leisure-time physical inactivity associated with the intensity of physical activity at work are 2.259, 2.897, and 4.266 for men (P<0.001) and 2.456, 3.259, and 3.587 for women (P<0.001), respectively. The time during commuting activities is significantly associated with leisure-time physical inactivity in either sex (OR= 2.116 for men and 2.173 for women, P<0.001). Hospital employees, particularly doctors and medical technicians, show a higher proportion of physical inactivity than other inhabitants in Shanghai. The time and intensity of activity at work and commuting are associated with leisure-time activities.

关键词： prevalence determination employee public hospital cross-sectional study physical inactivity

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Real option-based optimization for financial incentive allocation in infrastructure projects under public–private

Shuai LI, Da HU, Jiannan CAI, Hubo CAI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 413-425 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0045-0

摘要： Financial incentives that stimulate energy investments under public–private partnerships are considered scarce public resources, which require deliberate allocation to the most economically justified projects to maximize the social benefits. This study aims to solve the financial incentive allocation problem through a real option-based nonlinear integer programming approach. Real option theory is leveraged to determine the optimal timing and the corresponding option value of providing financial incentives. The ambiguity in the evolution of social benefits, the decision-maker’s attitude toward ambiguity, and the uncertainty in social benefits and incentive costs are all considered. Incentives are offered to the project portfolio that generates the maximum total option value. The project portfolio selection is formulated as a stochastic knapsack problem with random option values in the objective function and random incentive costs in the probabilistic budget constraint. The linear probabilistic budget constraint is subsequently transformed into a nonlinear deterministic one. Finally, the integer non-linear programming problem is solved, and the optimality gap is computed to assess the quality of the optimal solution. A case study is presented to illustrate how the limited financial incentives can be optimally allocated under uncertainty and ambiguity, which demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed method.

关键词： financial incentives public–private partnerships energy infrastructure projects real option optimization uncertainty

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Are public‒private partnerships still an answer for social infrastructure?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 467-482 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0249-1

摘要： Social infrastructure has become an important element for measuring national economic development and social benefits that are usually financed in the form of government grants, private investment, and public‒private partnerships (PPPs). However, social infrastructure PPPs have attracted considerable public debate due to their low profitability and complex operational demands. This study aims to answer the question, “are PPPs still an answer for social infrastructure?”, from the perspectives of the body of knowledge, application status, and prospects. Initially, an iterative search and review procedure and a scientometric analysis were performed to systematically screen the literature and to structure the body of knowledge of the social infrastructure PPPs literature. Furthermore, the application status and trends were analyzed to further explore the studied countries/regions, application sectors, and research topics. Results show that PPPs still have valuable application potential for delivering social infrastructure despite their mixed results across different topics. Six main research themes and the corresponding research trends were also identified, namely, financing and economics viability, risk management, performance management, contract and relationship management, governance and regulation, and facilitating and hindering factors. These findings offer practitioners and researchers a comprehensive overview and constructive guidance on social infrastructure PPPs.

关键词： public‒private partnerships social infrastructure scientometric analysis systematic review

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Are Relational Contracting Approaches Applicable to Public Projects in China?

Wei-ya Hao,Hui-ping Ding,Yong-jian Ke,Ying-ying Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 358-363 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014052

摘要： Rising complexities in construction projects management has boosted the importance of relational contracting (RC) in the field. RC is based on recognition of mutual benefits and win-win scenarios gained through more cooperative relationships between contracting parties. There have been a range of RC initiatives across many countries towards deeper collaborative relationships; however, such formal RC approaches are not yet well established in China. In this paper, the feasibility of implementing RC in the China’s public construction projects is investigated. The results indicate that RC is highly feasible for implementation in China due to its theoretical benefits, its alignment to Chinese culture, and its behaviors in past public construction projects. Three strategies for facilitating the implementation of RC in China are proposed.

关键词： relational contracting public construction relationship