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Spectral characteristics of plant communities from salt marshes: A case study from Chongming Dongtan, Yangtze estuary, China

ZHANG Liquan, GAO Zhanguo, Armitage Richard, Kent Martin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 187-197 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0004-1

摘要： The spectral reflectance of recently formed salt marshes at the mouth of the Yangtze River, which are undergoing invasion by , were assessed to determine the potential utility of remotely sensed data in assessing future invasion and changes in species composition. Following a review of published research on remote sensing of salt marshes, 53 locations along three transects were sampled for paired data on plant species composition and spectral reflectance using a FieldSpec Pro JR Field Portable Spectroradiometer. Spectral data were processed concerning reflectance, and the averaged reflectance values for each sample were re-analysed to correspond to a 12-waveband bandset of the Compact Airborne Spectral Imager. The spectral data were summarised using principal components analysis (PCA) and the relationships between the vegetation composition, and the PCA axes of spectral data were examined. The first PCA axis of the reflectance data showed a strong correlation with variability in near infrared reflectance and ‘brightness’, while the second axis was correlated with visible reflectance and ‘greenness’. Total vegetation cover, vegetation height, and mudflat cover were all significantly related to the first axis. The implications of this in terms of the ability of remote sensing to distinguish the various salt marsh species and in particular the invasive species were discussed. Major differences in species with various physiognomies could be recognised but problems occurred in separating early colonising from other species at that stage. Further work using multi-seasonal hyperspectral data might assist in solving these problems.

关键词： Spectral multi-seasonal hyperspectral invasive JR re-analysed

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2014—2016年食品动物源RE-cmeABC阳性弯曲菌流行与耐药性现状 Article

刘德俊, 刘蔚雯, 李星, 姚红, 沈张奇, 汪洋, 沈建忠

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第1期页码 34-39 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.10.013

摘要：因此，本研究调查了2014—2016年连续三年间我国山东、上海和广东等三个重点养殖区食品动物源RE-cmeABC阳性弯曲菌的流行与耐药性现状。）结肠弯曲菌，空肠弯曲菌中RE-cmeABC的阳性率显著高于结肠弯曲菌。111株RE-cmeABC阳性空肠弯曲菌与46株RE-cmeABC阴性空肠弯曲菌相比在氟苯尼考、克林霉素和红霉素的耐药率上具有显著差异（P <然而，携带RE-cmeABC的菌株可以使环丙沙星与四环素对弯曲菌的MIC值分布趋于更高水平范围。本研究表明RE-cmeABC已在我国食品动物源弯曲菌中广泛流行，对公共卫生安全具有潜在威胁。

关键词： RE- cmeABC 弯曲菌环丙沙星氟苯尼考

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Development of small-molecule viral inhibitors targeting various stages of the life cycle of emerging and re-emerging

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 449-461 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0589-5

摘要：

In recent years, unexpected outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by emerging and re-emerging viruses have become more frequent, which is possibly due to environmental changes. These outbreaks result in the loss of life and economic hardship. Vaccines and therapeutics should be developed for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest progress in the development of small-molecule viral inhibitors against highly pathogenic coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Ebola virus, and Zika virus. These viruses can interfere with the specific steps of viral life cycle by blocking the binding between virus and host cells, disrupting viral endocytosis, disturbing membrane fusion, and interrupting viral RNA replication and translation, thereby demonstrating potent therapeutic effect against various emerging and re-emerging viruses. We also discuss some general strategies for developing small-molecule viral inhibitors.

关键词： emerging and re-emerging viruses small-molecule inhibitor coronavirus Ebola virus Zika virus life cycle

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Responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: One world, One health

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0619-y

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碳中和目标下我国再电气化研究

舒印彪 ,谢典 ,赵良 ,高亚静 ,赵勇 ,周朝阳

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第3期页码 195-204 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.020

摘要：

我国将碳达峰、碳中和纳入生态文明建设总体布局，电力在引领绿色发展中将发挥更加重要的作用。实施再电气化，实现能源生产侧“清洁替代”和能源消费侧“电能替代”，对我国如期实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。本文剖析了再电气化的核心内涵，结合基本国情及资源禀赋，提出以再电气化助力我国实现低碳发展，按照“终端能源需求—能源转换系统—一次能源结构”的研究框架，综合考虑经济、技术、政策、环境等要素，分析了不同情景下我国能源电力演变趋势，提出再电气化发展前景。研究结果表明，实施再电气化将有力推动实现碳中和目标，2060 年非化石能源消费比重达80%以上、清洁能源发电量比重达90%、终端电能消费比重达70%。研究建议，一是统筹协调好各行业碳预算与减排路径，二是加快经济、产业结构调整，三是推动关键领域科技创新，四是完善电力市场、碳市场体系建设。

关键词：再电气化；碳中和；能源转型；电能替代

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Influence of increasing numbers of RE-inverters on the power quality in the distribution grids: A PQ

Przemyslaw JANIK, Grzegorz KOSOBUDZKI, Harald SCHWARZ

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 155-167 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0469-3

摘要： This paper presents the selected power quality (PQ) indicia of a wind generator and a photovoltaic installation considered to be the representative of medium voltage and low voltage distribution grids. The analysis of measured values suggests that the decrease in PQ is a case of specific combination of distributed generation, grid parameters and load behaviour. Modern generators have a limited impact on PQ. On the other hand, fluctuations in power generation are regarded as an emerging PQ indicator. The growing number of distributed renewable installations causes stochastic, variable, and hardly predictable power flows in the distribution grid. The nature of fluctuations in wind and solar generation is different. In both cases, new indexes for the quantification of fluctuations are needed and are yet not standardised. Proper assessment of these fluctuations enables definition of useful fluctuation limits and rules for optimal storage system integration.

关键词： power quality harmonics sags photovoltaic(PV) system doubly feed induction generator (DFIG) inverters

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Landscape of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in China: impact of ecology, climate, and behavior

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 3-22 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0605-9

摘要：

For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastructure. Notably, 5 notifiable infectious diseases have been almost eradicated, and the incidence of 18 additional notifiable infectious diseases has been significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, the incidence of over 10 notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, brucellosis, syphilis, and dengue fever, has been increasing. Nevertheless, frequent infectious disease outbreaks/events have been reported almost every year, and imported infectious diseases have increased since 2015. New pathogens and over 100 new genotypes or serotypes of known pathogens have been identified. Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests. This review summarizes the current experiences and lessons from China in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially the effects of ecology, climate, and behavior, which should have merits in helping other countries to control and prevent infectious diseases.

关键词： infectious disease profile emerging infectious diseases influence factor

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格上基于身份的门限代理重加密方案及应用 Research Articles

吴立强1,韩益亮1,杨晓元1,2,张敏情1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第2期页码 258-277 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000366

摘要：门限代理重加密通过设置多个代理者，不仅能有效防止单个代理者和被授权者合谋，从而违背授权者的意愿随意转化任意文件，而且能在某些代理者瘫痪或者损毁的情况下仍然提供正常服务。本文提出一个格上非交互的基于身份门限代理重加密方案，无需公钥证书。在设计方案过程中，采用了两次Shamir的秘密共享方法，一方面有效隐藏了授权者的私钥信息，另一方面通过分割代理重加密密钥，实现了代理权限的去中心化。鲁棒性是指某个代理者如果提交了非法的密文转化密文份额，那么组合者会立刻识别出这个恶意的代理者。本文方案通过格上全同态签名实现了这一属性。因此，即使未来量子攻击变得可行，我们整个方案也能完全抵抗量子攻击。本文方案的安全性在标准模型下规约为判定性差错学习困难假设。最后，给出本文方案的两个典型应用场景，包括基于区块链的文件共享系统和基于门限密码学的鲁棒密钥托管系统。

关键词：后量子密码；门限代理重加密；格；鲁棒性；去中心化

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Effective and selective separation of perrhenate from acidic wastewater by super-stable, superhydrophobic, and recyclable biosorbent

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1456-9

摘要：

• A ZnO-biochar hybrid composite was prepared by solvothermal-pyrolysis synthesis.

关键词： Selectivity Adsorption Re(VII) ZnO Biochar

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结构功能一体化的高性能陶瓷材料的研究与开发

江东亮

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第2期页码 35-39

摘要：小型化、复合化、低成本制备等要求出发, 并就现有高性能陶瓷材料的基本性能和材料制备工艺上的优缺点进行了分析；简要介绍了碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷、添加Nd的钇铝石榴子石(Nd-YAG)陶瓷、掺有稀土的氮化硅(RE-Si

关键词：结构和功能一体化高性能陶瓷碳化硅 Nd-YAG RE-Si₃N₄

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蓄光型自发光材料及制品发展概况

肖志国,唐明道

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第9期页码 82-86

摘要：

论述了蓄光型自发光材料及制品的发展概况，对第一代和第二代蓄光型自发光材料的发展、典型代表材料及其特点、应用做了详细介绍，同时对蓄光型自发光材料的发展前景进行详细分析。

关键词：自发光颜料蓄光型发光材料稀土元素

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Experimental flexural behavior of SMA-FRP reinforced concrete beam

Adeel ZAFAR, Bassem ANDRAWES

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 341-355 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0221-y

摘要： The most critical drawback in currently used steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is susceptibility to accumulation of plastic deformation under excessive loads. Many concrete structures due to damaged (yielded) steel reinforcement have undergone costly repairs and replacements. This research presents a new type of shape memory alloy (SMA)-based composite reinforcement with ability to withstand high elongation while exhibiting pseudo-elastic behavior. In this study, small diameter SMA wires are embedded in thermoset resin matrix with or without additional glass fibers to develop composite reinforcement. Manufacturing technique of new proposed composite is validated using microscopy images. The proposed SMA-FRP composite square rebars are first fabricated and then embedded in small scale concrete T-beam. 3-point bending test is conducted on manufactured RC beam using a cyclic displacement controlled regime until failure. It is found that the SMA-FRP composite reinforcement is able to enhance the performance of concrete member by providing re-centering and crack closing capability.

关键词： re-centering shape memory alloys concrete composite fiber reinforced polymer scanning electron microscopy

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Re-evaluation of several heavy metals removal by natural limestones

Ali SDIRI,Samir BOUAZIZ

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 418-432 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1455-5

摘要： Different treatment technologies have been efficiently applied to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Efforts have been made to find out the most economic water treatment technology by using low cost and easily accessible natural materials. On the other hand, heavy metals are the most threatening groundwater contaminants because of their toxicity and harmful effects on human and biota. This review discusses the use of natural geological materials for heavy metal removal in aqueous systems. Special attention has been devoted to natural limestone through a systematic inventory of relevant published reports. The removal of toxic metals may include different mechanisms (e.g., physisorption, chemisorptions, precipitation, etc.), depending on the physico-chemical properties of the material and the removed metal. Sorption of toxic metals (e.g., Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Hg, etc.) onto natural limestone involved precipitation of metal carbonate as a predominant removal process, but often subordinated by adsorption and ion exchange, depending on the physico-chemical properties of the studied limestone.

关键词： limestone heavy metals sorption wastewater passive treatment technology

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大坝和洪水

Lempérière

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第1期页码 144-149 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.018

摘要：

大坝对洪水的削弱作用和大坝面对洪水时的风险是本文讨论的两个主题。中国成功和高效地进行了大坝建设，正在引领世界上该领域的发展。本文致力于研究其他国家的相关经验、从数个世纪以来的事故中获得的教训以及新的解决方案。按照坝高、库容、筑坝材料和泄洪数据对洪水灾害进行分析，结果表明，多数重大事故发生于库容超过10 hm³的土石坝。新的解决方案对大坝安全和防洪来说都具有良好的前景。

关键词：洪水防洪泄洪道迷宫式泄洪道溃坝

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In situ formation of bimetallic FeNi nanoparticles on sand through green technology: Application for tetracycline removal

Ravikumar KVG, Debayan Ghosh, Mrudula Pulimi, Chandrasekaran Natarajan, Amitava Mukherjee

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1195-3

摘要： • In situ preparation of FeNi nanoparticles on the sand via green synthesis approach. • Removal of tetracycline using GS-FeNi in batch and column study. • Both reductive degradation and sorption played crucial role the process. • Reusability of GS-FeNi showed about 77.39±4.3% removal on 4th cycle. • TC by-products after interaction showed less toxic as compared with TC. In this study, FeNi nanoparticles were green synthesized using Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract, and these nanoparticles were also formed in situ over quartz sand (GS-FeNi) for removal of tetracycline (TC). Under the optimized operating conditions, (GS-FeNi concentration: 1.5% w/v; concentration of TC: 20 mg/L; interaction period: 180 min), 99±0.2% TC removal was achieved in the batch reactor. The removal capacity was 181±1 mg/g. A detailed characterization of the sorbent and the solution before and after the interaction revealed that the removal mechanism(s) involved both the sorption and degradation of TC. The reusability of reactant was assessed for four cycles of operation, and 77±4% of TC removal was obtained in the cycle. To judge the environmental sustainability of the process, residual toxicity assay of the interacted TC solution was performed with indicator bacteria (Bacillus and Pseudomonas) and algae (Chlorella sp.), which confirmed a substantial decrease in the toxicity. The continuous column studies were undertaken in the packed bed reactors using GS-FeNi. Employing the optimized conditions, quite high removal efficiency (978±5 mg/g) was obtained in the columns. The application of GS-FeNi for antibiotic removal was further evaluated in lake water, tap water, and ground water spiked with TC, and the removal capacity achieved was found to be 781±5, 712±5, and 687±3 mg/g, respectively. This work can pave the way for treatment of antibiotics and other pollutants in the reactors using novel green composites prepared from fruit wastes.

关键词： GS-FeNi nanoparticles Tetracycline removal Re-usability Residual toxicity Column studies