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Deubiquitinases as pivotal regulators of T cell functions

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 451-462 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0651-y

摘要:

T cells efficiently respond to foreign antigens to mediate immune responses against infections but are tolerant to self-tissues. Defect in T cell activation is associated with severe immune deficiencies, whereas aberrant T cell activation contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. An emerging mechanism that regulates T cell activation and tolerance is ubiquitination, a reversible process of protein modification that is counter-regulated by ubiquitinating enzymes and deubiquitinases (DUBs). DUBs are isopeptidases that cleave polyubiquitin chains and remove ubiquitin from target proteins, thereby controlling the magnitude and duration of ubiquitin signaling. It is now well recognized that DUBs are crucial regulators of T cell responses and serve as potential therapeutic targets for manipulating immune responses in the treatment of immunological disorders and cancer. This review will discuss the recent progresses regarding the functions of DUBs in T cells.

关键词: deubiquitinase     ubiquitination     T cell activation     T cell differentiation     T cell tolerance    

Mutant DNA methylation regulators endow hematopoietic stem cells with the preleukemic stem cell property

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 412-420 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0423-x

摘要:

Genetic mutations are considered to drive the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). With the rapid progress in sequencing technologies, many newly reported genes that are recurrently mutated in AML have been found to govern the initiation and relapse of AML. These findings suggest the need to distinguish the driver mutations, especially the most primitive single mutation, from the subsequent passenger mutations. Recent research on DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) mutations provides the first proof-of-principle investigation on the identification of preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) in AML patients. Although DNMT3A mutations alone may only transform hematopoietic stem cells into pre-LSCs without causing the full-blown leukemia, the function of this driver mutation appear to persist from AML initiation up to relapse. Therefore, identifying and targeting preleukemic mutations, such as DNMT3A mutations, in AML is a promising strategy for treatment and reduction of relapse risk.

关键词: preleukemic stem cell     acute myeloid leukemia     relapse     DNMT3A    

Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and the major regulators

Li XUE, Ertao WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 296-306 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020347

摘要:

Plants growing in natural soils encounter diverse biotic and abiotic stresses and have adapted with sophisticated strategies to deal with complex environments such as changing root system structure, evoking biochemical responses and recruiting microbial partners. Under selection pressure, plants and their associated microorganisms assemble into a functional entity known as a holobiont. The commonest cooperative interaction is between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. About 80% of terrestrial plants can form AM symbiosis with the ancient phylum Glomeromycota. A very large network of extraradical and intraradical mycelium of AM fungi connects the underground biota and the nearby carbon and nutrient fluxes. Here, we discuss recent progress on the regulators of AM associations with plants, AM fungi and their surrounding environments, and explore further mechanistic insights.

关键词: AM symbiosis     signal     regulators     nutrients     phosphate     microbiota    

美国监管机构在5G部署对航空飞行安全产生干扰问题上发生争议

Mitch Leslie

《工程(英文)》 2022年 第15卷 第8期   页码 6-8 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.002

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Deubiquitinases as pivotal regulators of T cell functions

null

期刊论文

Mutant DNA methylation regulators endow hematopoietic stem cells with the preleukemic stem cell property

null

期刊论文

Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and the major regulators

Li XUE, Ertao WANG

期刊论文

美国监管机构在5G部署对航空飞行安全产生干扰问题上发生争议

Mitch Leslie

期刊论文