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Exploration of Strategies for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control and Relevant System Development

Long-de Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 2-12 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015002

摘要： Chronic non-communicable diseases have become a major threat to humanity. International studies have shown that of 57 million deaths worldwide in 2008, 36 million (63%) were caused by chronic non-communicable diseases; of these, 29 million (80%) occurred in low and middle income countries. The WHO predicts that if the current trend continues, the annual number of deaths due to chronic non-communicable diseases will increase to 55 million by 2030. Due to acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, along with population aging and rapid changes of people’s lifestyle, the morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases are rapidly increasing in China. Therefore, dealing with the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases has become one of the current major health issues for China to address. On the basis of summarizing the status of major chronic diseases in China, analyzing the key issues and key factors in chronic disease prevention and control, and reviewing and summarizing the experience from the previous projects, this paper proposes the following recommendations as strategies for chronic disease prevention and control and development of relevant system, which China should adopt. All relevant government departments should formulate corresponding policies; establish a coordinated and efficient work system with rational structure and clear division of tasks and responsibilities within the system. Implementation and development of “integrated medicine” in system is necessary. Work norms and requirements will then improve the performance and efficiency in chronic disease prevention and control in China.

关键词： chronic disease prevention and control strategy and system construction

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横沙成陆开发与相关规划关系研究

阮伟,楼飞

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第6期页码 79-85

摘要：

为推动上海国际航运中心的建设，本文构想在横沙东滩开展上海深水新港的规划建设，并推动现有港口管理体制和建设机制进行改革，实现新的突破。通过回顾、分析、对比和总结我国各大港口及国外主要港口建设机制的成功经验，从效益及可行性等方面，为构想中的横沙深水新港实施市场化的建设机制提出了建议，同时提出了建设“上海自由港”的设想。

关键词：长江口横沙成陆开发相关规划关系研究

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Easy access to pharmaceutically relevant heterocycles by catalytic reactions involving

Ximei Zhao, Matthias Rudolph, Abdullah M. Asiri, A. Stephen K. Hashmi

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 317-349 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1874-4

摘要： This review summarizes recent advances in the field of gold-catalyzed synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant aza-heterocycles via generated -imino gold carbene complexes as intermediates.

关键词： gold heterocycles alkynes

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Economy-oriented strategy of appropriate technique

CHEN Xiaoyang, ZHONG Dekun

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 371-378 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0047-1

摘要： From angle of economy this paper tries to establish the outlook on appropriate technique effect by reconsidering the cost and economics. In light of the current situation of domestic technique and the relevant living example, it proposes the basic tactics for innovation of the appropriate technique and for low-tech strategy.

关键词： outlook relevant appropriate technique innovation situation

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Identifying stakeholders’ roles and relevant project documents for 4D-based collaborative decision making

Veronika BOLSHAKOVA, Annie GUERRIERO, Gilles HALIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 104-118 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0041-4

摘要： To fully understand and effectively implement 4D building information modelling (BIM) models and methods, we need to develop a precise knowledge of which project digital documents should be used and how they influence the decision-making (DM) process. This article studies the convergence between uses of 4D BIM and digital project documents. We hypothesize that a clear visualization of the construction simulation through a 4D model is a useful source of information and a support for DM at collaborative meetings. Through this research, we continue to progress toward a new 4D-based collective decision device, so these elements will contribute to propose 4D BIM as DM support on architecture engineering construction (AEC) projects. Further, the present research will be complemented by results from questionnaires given at a later research stage. The article presents a brief review of BIM context to consider ways of fostering the implementation of all 4D BIM uses (not only visualization). It then introduces a proposition for 4D BIM uses implementation by the project development phase. It concludes by summarizing stakeholders’ roles and documents relevant to 4D BIM uses.

关键词： BIM 4D BIM 4D BIM use AEC project management collaboration decision making

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Determination of the dissociation constants of polyepoxysuccinic acid

ZHANG Lihua, ZHU Zhiliang, QIU Yanling, ZHANG Ronghua, ZHAO Jianfu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 505-508 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0077-x

摘要： The dissociation constants of polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) were investigated in this study. Based on the potentiometric titration and the BEST program, the dissociation constants of PESA were determined. Considering the complexity of the dissociation of PESA in aqueous solution, several models were constructed to simulate the dissociation process of PESA. By comparison, the dissociation constants of PESA were obtained with model 4. The species distribution of PESA in aqueous solution as a function of pH was also presented according to the experimental and calculation results. It showed that the HL model with five basic structure units to describe the dissociation of PESA was reasonable, and the relevant constants had less error and better matching between the experimental and calculation data. The corresponding values of p were 4.68 and 4.92, respectively, for HL at 35°C with ionic strength of 0.1 mol/L.

关键词： function comparison relevant corresponding dissociation

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ClimateAP: an application for dynamic local downscaling of historical and future climate data in Asia Pacific

Tongli WANG, Guangyu WANG, John L. INNES, Brad SEELY, Baozhang CHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 448-458 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017172

摘要： While low-to-moderate resolution gridded climate data are suitable for climate-impact modeling at global and ecosystems levels, spatial analyses conducted at local scales require climate data with increased spatial accuracy. This is particularly true for research focused on the evaluation of adaptive forest management strategies. In this study, we developed an application, ClimateAP, to generate scale-free (i.e., specific to point locations) climate data for historical (1901–2015) and future (2011–2100) years and periods. ClimateAP uses the best available interpolated climate data for the reference period 1961–1990 as baseline data. It downscales the baseline data from a moderate spatial resolution to scale-free point data through dynamic local elevation adjustments. It also integrates and downscales the historical and future climate data using a delta approach. In the case of future climate data, two greenhouse gas representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and 15 general circulation models are included to allow for the assessment of alternative climate scenarios. In addition, ClimateAP generates a large number of biologically relevant climate variables derived from primary monthly variables. The effectiveness of the local downscaling was determined based on the strength of the local linear regression for the estimate of lapse rate. The accuracy of the ClimateAP output was evaluated through comparisons of ClimateAP output against observations from 1805 weather stations in the Asia Pacific region. The local linear regression explained 70%–80% and 0%–50% of the total variation in monthly temperatures and precipitation, respectively, in most cases. ClimateAP reduced prediction error by up to 27% and 60% for monthly temperature and precipitation, respectively, relative to the original baselines data. The improvements for baseline portions of historical and future were more substantial. Applications and limitations of the software are discussed.

关键词： biologically relevant climate variables downscaling dynamic local regression future climate historical climate

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中国慢性病防控策略和体系建设探索

王陇德

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第10期页码 22-30

摘要：

慢性非传染性疾病已成为当前人类的重大威胁。国际研究表明，2008 年全球5 700 万人死亡，其中的63 %（3 600 万人）死于慢性非传染性疾病；80 %的非传染性疾病所致死亡（2 900 万人）发生在低收入和中等收入国家。WHO预测，如果按目前的情况继续发展，到2030 年每年死于慢性非传染性疾病的人数将增加至5 500 万人。在中国，伴随着工业化、城镇化、老龄化进程的加快和国民生活方式的快速变迁，居民慢性病患病率、死亡率呈持续快速增长趋势。因此，慢性非传染性疾病流行的应对，是中国当前必须尽快考虑的重大问题。本文在总结中国重大慢性病流行状况、分析中国慢性病防控中存在的主要问题和关键影响因素以及总结前期项目探索经验的基础上，对中国慢性病防控应制定和采取的策略及防控体系建设工作要点提出了建议：如相关政府部门都应制定相应政策；建立结构合理、系统内任务分工明确，协调、高效的工作体系；从制度、工作规范与要求上推行“整合医学”的发展，从而提高中国慢性病防控工作效能与效益等。

关键词：慢性病防控策略与体系建设

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我国智能建造关键领域技术发展的战略思考

陈珂,丁烈云

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第4期页码 64-70 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.04.007

摘要：

智能建造作为新一代信息技术和工程建造的有机融合，是实现我国建筑业高质量发展的重要依托。本文阐述了智能建造的基本概念与重要性，归纳了面向全产业链一体化的工程软件、面向智能工地的工程物联网、面向人机共融的智能化工程机械、面向智能决策的工程大数据等四类关键领域技术；通过问卷调研与专家访谈，分析了我国智能建造关键领域技术在市场环境、企业部署、核心资源储备等方面的现状和短板。在此基础上，明确了关键领域技术的发展目标，提出了建立健全标准体系、推动“产学研用”协同、加大知识产权保护、开展典型工程试点示范等重点任务，继而从管理机构、企业、高校等多个主体的角度形成对策建议。

关键词：智能建造，工程软件，工程物联网，工程机械，工程大数据

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On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

LI Jun, NI Yongjiong, WEI Su, CHENG Guobiao, OU Changjin, PENG Yongzhen, GU Guowei, LU Jingen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 99-102 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0017-9

摘要： The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal.

关键词： DO relevant biological process nitrogen pH

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电动汽车和相关电源材料的现状与前景

杨遇春

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第12期页码 1-11

摘要：

论述了电动汽车（EV）、电动汽车用镍氢电池、锂离子电池、质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）、固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）及相关材料的研发现状、产业化前景，指出以电动汽车代替燃油内燃机汽车，以氢能代替碳基燃料，是当前运输业的主要发展方向。

关键词：电动汽车镍氢电池锂离子电池质子交换膜燃料电池固体氧化物燃料电池

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预测新型冠状病毒肺炎患者临床预后好转概率的列线图—— 以中国浙江省为例 Article

谢娇娇, 石鼎, 鲍明阳, 胡潇逸, 吴文瑞, 盛吉芳, 徐凯进, 王清, 吴静静, 王恺岑, 方戴琼, 李雅婷, 李兰娟

《工程（英文）》 2022年第8卷第1期页码 122-129 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.014

摘要：

本研究旨在为临床医生开发一种定量方法，以预测新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者临床预后好转的可能性。本研究收集了2020年1月10日至2月26日入院后经实验室确诊的104例COVID-19感染患者的数据，包括患者的临床基本信息和实验室检查结果，并比较好转和未好转患者的各项参数。本研究使用最小绝对收缩和选择算法（LASSO）logistics 回归模型和双向逐步策略的多因素logistics 回归模型筛选预测预后因素，使用一致性指数（C指数）评估模型，并通过重复抽样进行内部验证，以此构建了一项新的预测列线图。截至2020年2月26日，研究中包括的104位患者（中位年龄为55岁）中，75位（72.1%）预后好转，而29位（27.9%）没有明显好转迹象。临床预后好转的患者与未好转的患者在临床特征和实验室检查结果上存在许多差异。经过多步筛选过程后，本研究筛选出5项预后因素并将其纳入列线图的构建，包括免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、肌酸激酶（CK）、急性生理学和慢性健康评估表II（APACHE II），以及CK和APACHE II之间的相互作用。本研究建立的模型的C指数为0.962 [95%置信区间（CI）为0.931~0.993]，并且通过重复抽样验证其值仍然达到0.948。预测列线图与理想模型相比，在校准图方面显示出接近的性能，并且决策曲线和临床影响曲线显示，其在临床上具有实用性。本研究构建的列线图有助于临床医生预测每位COVID-19患者的临床预后好转的可能性，将有助于个性化的咨询和治疗。

关键词：新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）列线图临床预后

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长江三角洲地区农用地土壤重金属污染状况与防治建议

甘婷婷,赵南京,殷高方,马明俊,孟德硕,方丽,杨瑞芳,刘文清

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第1期页码 174-184 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.024

摘要：

长江三角洲地区（简称长三角地区）是我国重要的工农业生产基地，关注该地区农用地土壤重金属污染状况对促进地区经济社会良性发展、保障生态环境安全具有重要意义。本文根据近 20 年发表的长三角地区农用地土壤重金属相关文献中的重金属含量数据，全面分析长三角不同区域农用地土壤典型重金属累积情况与污染状况，系统探究导致长三角地区农用地土壤重金属累积与污染的主要原因。分析发现，工业“三废”排放、交通运输、化肥、农药、农膜等的大量施用（使用），使得长三角地区农用地土壤中重金属 Cd 累积与污染情况最为严重，其次是 Cu、 Hg 和 Pb，而浙江台州和安徽铜陵分别存在Cd、 Hg 和 Cu， Cd、 Pb 和 Cu 多种重金属复合污染问题。针对长三角地区农用地土壤重金属污染防治的迫切需求和主要污染成因，在农用地土壤重金属污染源头控制、农用地土壤重金属快速动态监测、农用地土壤分级管理、重金属污染农用地土壤修复新技术研发、农用地土壤污染防治立法等方面提出了相关防治建议，以期为改善长三角地区农用地土壤生态环境、促进优质高效农业的可持续发展提供参考。

关键词：农用地重金属污染防治长三角地区

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袁佳欣, 程肖帝, 雷超君, 杨彬, 李中坚, 罗坤, K.H. Koko Lam, 雷乐成, 侯阳, Kostya Ken Ostrikov

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第9期页码 1306-1312 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.01.018

摘要：

开发高电流密度条件下的高性能析氧反应（OER）电催化剂，对于碱性电解水未来清洁能源的商业应用非常重要。鉴于此，我们通过将泡沫镍（NF）浸入Fe(NO₃)₃溶液，在泡沫镍基底上原位制备了三维（3D）双金属羟基氧化物杂化物（NiFeOOH/NF）。在这种独特的3D结构中，NiFeOOH/NF 杂化物由均匀生长在NF表面的晶态Ni(OH)₂和无定形FeOOH物种组成。作为双金属羟基氧化物电催化剂，NiFeOOH/NF杂化物表现出优异的电催化OER活性，其性能不仅超过被报道的其他Ni-Fe 基电催化剂，而且超过商业Ir/C 催化剂。拉曼光谱结果表明，NiFeOOH/NF 杂化物在电催化OER过程中产生的FeOOH和NiOOH物种，被认为是实际的催化活性相。得益于Fe 和Ni 催化位点的协同作用，在严苛的80 ℃、10.0 mol·L^﹣1 KOH电解液的工业测试条件下，NiFeOOH/NF杂化物表现出了优异的电催化OER性能，仅需1.47 V和1.51 V的应用电势就能分别达到100 mA·cm^﹣2和500 mA·cm^﹣²的高催化电流密度。

关键词：双金属羟基氧化物析氧反应协同效应高电流密度