Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页学术期刊学术焦点学术视频工程成就工程前沿联系我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 50

会议视频 3

年份

2022 4

2021 4

2020 3

2019 2

2017 5

2016 4

2015 7

2014 4

2012 6

2010 1

2009 2

2008 3

2005 1

2004 1

2002 4

展开︾

关键词

水稻 4

2021全球十大工程成就 2

节水灌溉 2

HDPE 1

PP 1

e-杂交稻 1

eui 1

三十烷醇 1

三江平原 1

井灌水稻 1

人造板 1

优化 1

信息技术 1

催熟剂 1

农业机械化 1

农业生产 1

农业生产智慧化 1

农作物秸秆 1

双季稻 1

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

Direct ethanol production from rice straw by coculture with two high-performing fungi

Maki TAKANO, Kazuhiro HOSHINO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1281-6

摘要： To develop efficient and economical direct ethanol production from fine rice straw crashed mechanically, two high-performing fungi, which can secret hyperactive cellulases and/or ferment effectively various sugars, were selected from some strains belong to preserved in our laboratory. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by coculture with these fungi was investigated. The screening of high-performing fungi resulted in the selection of NBRC 4572 as an ethanol-producing fungus and NBRC 5398 as a cellulase-secreting fungus. The strain 4572 produced ethanol aerobically from glucose and xylose in high yields of 0.420 g/g at 36 h and 0.478 g/g at 60 h, respectively, but secreted fairly low cellulases. On the other hand, the strain 5398 also produced ethanol from glucose in yield of 0.340 g/g though it had a little growth in xylose culture. However, it secreted hyperactive cellulases that are essential for hydrolysis of rice straw in culture and the maximum activities of endo-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase were 2.11 U/L and 1.47 U/L, respectively. In SSF of rice straw by coculture with two fungi selected, the ethanol production reached 1.28 g/L after 96 h when the inoculation ratio of the strain 5398 to the strain 4572 was 9.

关键词： Mucor circinelloides ethanol production cellulase secretion SSF coculture rice straw

HTML PDF 收藏

CH₄ and N₂O emissions from double-rice cropping system as affected by Chinese milkvetch and straw incorporation in southern China

Heshui XU,Dengyun LI,Bo ZHU,Kai ZHANG,Yadong YANG,Chen WANG,Ying JIANG,Zhaohai ZENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 59-68 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017137

摘要： Chinese milk vetch (CMV) and rice straw (RS) were incorporated into soil to substitute for synthetic N fertilizers and to maintain soil fertility. However, little is known about the integrated impacts of CMV and RS incorporation on CH and N O emissions in double-rice cropping systems in southern China. A field experiment was conducted to estimate the integrated impacts of CMV and RS incorporation in the early- and late-rice seasons on CH and N O emissions. All treatments received uniform N inputs, 6%–37% of which was replaced by CMV and RS crop residue. CMV and/or RS incorporation produced equivalent or slightly more grain yield, while reducing N O emissions by 3%–43%. However, both CMV and RS incorporation increased CH emissions. Annual CH emissions ranged from 321 to 614 kg·hm from CMV and RS amendment treatments, which were 1.5–2.9 times higher than that from synthetic N. Compared with single synthetic N fertilizer, incorporation of CMV and/or RS increased GWP and yield-scaled GWP by 45%–164% and 45%–153%, respectively. Our results demonstrate CMV and RS amendments replacing N fertilizer, maintained stable yield, mitigated N O emission, but enhanced CH emission. Further study is needed on crop residue management in double-cropping rice systems.

关键词： Chinese milk vetch CH₄ double-rice cropping system grain yield N₂O rice straw

HTML PDF 收藏

Performance and mechanism for cadmium and lead adsorption from water and soil by corn straw biochar

Tong Chi,Jiane Zuo,Fenglin Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0921-y

摘要： Corn straw biochar prepared under 400 °C was the best Cd and Pb adsorption capacity Maximum adsorption capacity of Cd and Pb were 43.48 and 22.73 mg·g , respectively The dominant mechanism of Cd and Pb adsorption was precipitation Biochar could reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals when mixed with soil Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in water and soil could be adsorbed by biochar produced from corn straw. Biochar pyrolyzed under 400°C for 2 h could reach the ideal removal efficiencies (99.24% and 98.62% for Cd and Pb, respectively) from water with the biochar dosage of 20 g·L and initial concentration of 20 mg·L . The pH value of 4–7 was the optimal range for adsorption reaction. The adsorption mechanism was discussed on the basis of a range of characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman analysis; it was concluded as surface complexation with active sorption sites (-OH, -COO-), coordination with π electrons (C= C, C= O) and precipitation with inorganic anions (OH , CO , SO ) for both Cd and Pb. The sorption isotherms fit Langmuir model rather than Freundlich model, and the saturated sorption capacities for Cd and Pb were 38.91 mg·g and 28.99 mg·g , respectively. When mixed with soil, biochar could effectively increase alkalinity and reduce bioavailability of heavy metals. Thus, biochar derived from corn straw would be a green material for both removal of heavy metals and amelioration of soil.

关键词： Corn straw Biochar Heavy metals Sorption isotherm Bioavailability

HTML PDF 收藏

Integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass —A case study on the Sheyang Straw Power Plants

Xiaoshun LI , Futian QU , Dongmei JIANG , Peixin ZHU ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 348-353 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0026-3

摘要： Power generation using straw biomass has quantifiable benefits from an economic, ecological, and sociological perspective in China. The methods used to construct the assessment models of these integrated benefits were the revenue capitalization approach and the discounted-cash-flow approach. The results indicated that a straw power plant with the capacity of 2.50×10 W and burning 1.23×10 tons of cotton straw could annually supply 1.40×10 kWh of power. However, it would not be until six years later that these results could be measured. Over the long term, the gross benefits could reach up to 4.63×10 Yuan. Therefore, the total benefits are expected to be 1.18 × 10 Yuan if all available straw resources are used to generate power. The policy implication showed that the long-term integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass outweighed the short-term benefits. This is the main incentive to use straw biomass for power generation in the future.

关键词： straw biomass resources power generation renewable energy Sheyang county

HTML PDF 收藏

Fabrication of cellulose aerogel from wheat straw with strong absorptive capacity

Jian LI,Caichao WAN,Yun LU,Qingfeng SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 46-52 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014004

摘要： An effectively mild solvent solution containing NaOH/PEG was employed to dissolve the cellulose extracted from the wheat straw. With further combined regeneration process and freeze-drying, the cellulose aerogel was successfully obtained. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction technique, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller were used to characterize this cellulose aerogel of low density (about 40 mg·cm ) and three-dimensional network with large specific surface area (about 101 m ·g ). Additionally, with a hydrophobic modification by trimethylchlorosilane, the cellulose aerogel showed a strong absorptive capacity for oil and dye solutions.

关键词： cellulose aerogel absorptive capacity waste wheat straw freeze-drying

HTML PDF 收藏

Isolation of highly purity cellulose from wheat straw using a modified aqueous biphasic system

Lifeng YAN, Yi ZHAO, Qing GU, Wan LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 282-291 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-0901-5

摘要： Cellulose samples with molecular weights ranging from 8.39 × 10 to 11.00 × 10 g/mol were obtained from wheat straw. The dewaxed wheat straw was pretreated with aqueous hydrochloric acid followed by delignification using an environmentally benign poly(ethyleneglycol)/salt aqueous biphasic system. The yield of cellulose was in the range of 48.9%–55.5% and the cellulose contained 1.2%–3.2% hemicelluloses, and 0.97%–3.47% lignin. All the isolated cellulose samples could be directly dissolved in a 6 wt-% NaOH/4 wt-% urea aqueous solution through a precooling-thawing process to form a homogenous solution. The separation process was investigated and the obtained cellulose and its solution were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray apparatus, and X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that aqueous soluble cellulose can be directly prepared from wheat straw by this method and this study opens a novel pathway to prepare cellulosic materials from agricultural waste.

关键词： cellulose straw separation aqueous solution

HTML PDF 收藏

Effects of nano-silicon and common silicon on lead uptake and translocation in two rice cultivars

Jianguo LIU,Hui CAI,Congcong MEI,Mingxin WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第5期页码 905-911 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0786-x

摘要： The current study investigated the effects of nano-silicon (Si) and common Si on lead (Pb) toxicity, uptake, translocation, and accumulation in the rice cultivars Yangdao 6 and Yu 44 grown in soil containing two different Pb levels (500 mg·kg and 1000 mg·kg ). The results showed that Si application alleviated the toxic effects of Pb on rice growth. Under soil Pb treatments of 500 and 1000 mg·kg , the biomasses of plants supplied with common Si and nano-Si were 1.8%–5.2% and 3.3%–11.8% higher, respectively, than those of plants with no Si supply (control). Compared to the control, Pb concentrations in rice shoots supplied with common Si and nano-Si were reduced by 14.3%–31.4% and 27.6%–54.0%, respectively. Pb concentrations in rice grains treated with common Si and nano-Si decreased by 21.3%–40.9% and 38.6%–64.8%, respectively. Pb translocation factors (TFs) from roots to shoots decreased by 15.0%–29.3% and 25.6%–50.8%, respectively. The TFs from shoots to grains reduced by 8.3%–13.7% and 15.3%–21.1%, respectively, after Si application. The magnitudes of the effects observed on plants decreased in the following order: nano-Si treatment>common Si treatment and high-grain-Pb-accumulating cultivar (Yangdao 6)>low-grain-Pb-accumulating cultivar (Yu 44) and heavy Pb stress (1000 mg·kg )>moderate Pb stress (500 mg·kg )>no Pb treatment. The results of the study indicate that nano-Si is more efficient than common Si in ameliorating the toxic effects of Pb on rice growth, preventing Pb transfer from rice roots to aboveground parts, and blocking Pb accumulation in rice grains, especially in high-Pb-accumulating rice cultivars and in heavily Pb-polluted soils.

关键词： silicon (Si) lead (Pb) rice (Oryza sativa L.) toxicity accumulation

HTML PDF 收藏

Effect of mulching with maize straw on water infiltration and soil loss at different initial soil moistures

Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 161-170 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016104

摘要： Mulching and soil water content (SWC) have a significant impact on soil erosion, and this study investigated the effect of straw mulching on water infiltration and soil loss under different initial SWC treatments in a rainfall simulation experiment conducted in northern China. Increasing initial SWC can decrease soil infiltration and increase soil loss. During an 80 mm rainfall event (80 mm·h for 60 min), 8%, 12% and 16% initial SWC treatments decreased cumulative infiltration by 8.7%, 42.5% and 58.1%, and increased total sediment yield by 44, 146 and 315 g, respectively, compared to 4% initial SWC. However, in all the straw mulching treatments, there was no significant difference in stable infiltration rate between the different initial SWC treatments. For all initial SWC treatments, straw mulching of 30% or more significantly enhanced water infiltration by over 31% and reduced soil loss by over 49%, compared to the unmulched treatment. Taking into consideration the performance of no-till planters, a maize straw mulching rate of 30% to 60% (1400–3100 kg·hm ) is recommended for the conservation of water and soil in northern China.

关键词： infiltration initial soil water content rainfall simulation soil loss straw mulching

HTML PDF 收藏

METAGENOMICS COMBINED WITH HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING REVEALS THE METHANOGENIC POTENTIAL OF FRESH CORN STRAW

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022471

摘要：

● Methane production from fresh straw was 7.50% higher than dry straw.

关键词： fresh corn straw high solid anaerobic digestion metagenomics microbial communities thermophilic

HTML PDF 收藏

水稻eui种质的遗传评价和育种利用

杨仁崔

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第8期页码 26-30

摘要：

发现水稻节间伸长的eui新基因及其高秆隐性种质的多型性，育成长穗颈的雄性不育系，组配成e(eui)-杂交稻，并已进入生产应用。e-杂交稻研究和发展的目标是：减少杂交稻种子生产中50%～90%的赤霉素用量，并提高种子产量和质量；杂交稻增产，同时减少杂交稻种植的氮肥用量。已克隆分离出EUI1，EUI2基因，并获得该突变基因碱基缺失多样性的材料，将为植物生长发育，GA代谢激素与杂种优势，以及基因突变的分子机理和植物基因工程的研究提供材料和机遇。

关键词：水稻 eui e-杂交稻遗传评价育种

HTML PDF 收藏

The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1431-5

摘要：

•Direct seeding (DS) method led to more distributed Cd in aerial parts of rice.

关键词： Cadmium Genotypes Growth stages Micro X-ray fluorescence Planting mode

HTML PDF 收藏

Effects of cotton straw amendment on soil fertility and microbial communities

Wuren HUANG, Zhihui BAI, Daniel HOEFEL, Qing HU, Xin LV, Guoqiang ZHUANG, Shengjun XU, Hongyan QI, Hongxun ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 336-349 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0337-z

摘要： Maintaining soil fertility, while controlling pollution from excessive chemical fertilizer application is important for keeping soil productivity of sustainable agriculture. Variety of straws have been used and proven to be good soil amendments for increasing soil organic matter (OM) and a range of additional soil nutrients. However, little is known about the utilization of cotton straw for soil amendment. To better understand the mechanism behind cotton straw soil amendments, investigations were performed upon cucumber seedlings, where changes to soil nutrients and microbial communities were investigated. The results revealed that the cotton straw application promoted the cucumber seedling growth by significantly increasing the soil OM, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The concentration of cotton straw was positively correlated to both the number of the culturable microorganisms and also the total microbial biomass within soil. Furthermore, assessment of cotton straw application using Biolog metabolic profiling and phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed that such application increased the microbial community metabolic activity, and markedly changed the structure of microbial community. 16S rRNA gene clone library construction and phylogenetic analysis of soil bacteria revealed - Proteobacteria sequences dominated the cotton straw amendment soil, comprising 27.8% of the total number of analyzed sequences, while they were less represented in control soil (13.4%). On the contrary, the Sphingobacteria (7.8%) and Verrucomicrobia (2.4%) in the cotton straw amendment soil decreased after application when compared to the control soil 15.2% and 15.2%.

关键词： cotton straw soil amendments microbial diversity Biolog phospholipid fatty acid 16S rRNA gene clone library

HTML PDF 收藏

水稻节水灌溉及其对环境的影响

茆智

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第7期页码 8-16

摘要：

水稻是中国最主要的粮食作物之一，其产量约占粮食作物总产量的40%；在全国约11×108hm2的粮食作物总面积中，稻田面积约占28%。20世纪80年代以来，水稻产区的水资源短缺已成为当地农业生产中的重要问题，各地试验、开发、应用与推广了许多种水稻节水灌溉模式。文章根据这些新的水稻灌溉模式试验结果与推广经验，将我国水稻节水灌溉主要模式归纳为浅、湿、晒结合，间歇淹水，半旱栽培和蓄雨型等4类。阐述了这些模式的田间水分控制标准以及节水、增产和提高水分生产率的潜力；提出了该4类模式的选择原则以及应用这些模式时应注意的问题；分析、讨论了推广这些模式能够持续节水与提高水分生产率的机理以及对环境的影响。

关键词：水稻节水灌溉灌溉模式节水潜力环境影响

HTML PDF 收藏

Effects of rape straw and red mud on extractability and bioavailability of cadmium in a calcareous soil

Junxing YANG,Liqun WANG,Jumei LI,Dongpu WEI,Shibao CHEN,Qingjun GUO,Yibing MA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 419-428 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0674-9

摘要： Screening of cost-effective soil amendments is important to develop “ ” remediation techniques for cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils. In this study, different soil amendments, including red mud, a by-product of the alumina industry, and acid-treated, nano-treated by nano-particle milling, nano and acid-treated red muds, zeolite, corn straw, and rape straw, were evaluated to immobilize Cd in two added levels (2 and 5 mg Cd·kg soil) in a calcareous soil by single and sequential extractions and by cucumber ( L.) pot experiments. Results indicated that cruciferous rape straw significantly decreased the concentrations of water soluble, extractable Cd in soils, and Cd in cucumber plants, and it was more effective than gramineous corn straw. Also, red mud generally decreased the extractability and bioavailability of Cd added to calcareous soils more effectively than zeolite. Furthermore, the efficiency of red mud could be increased by the treatment of nano-particle milling due to the increase in specific surface area of red mud. It is potential to use rape straw and red mud as soil amendments to develop a cost-effective and efficient “ ” remediation technology for Cd mildly contaminated calcareous soils.

关键词： red mud rape straw cadmium immobilization calcareous soil

HTML PDF 收藏

农作物秸秆人造板的研究

周定国

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第10期页码 115-121

摘要：

发展农作物秸秆人造板产业对于保护森林资源和人类环境，解决我国木材原料供应不足的矛盾具有重要的现实意义。近年来，科技人员在农作物秸秆人造板基础研究、产品开发和工业化应用方面做了大量的研究工作。文章介绍了笔者及所在团队在秸秆原料特性和秸秆板制造工艺方面的最新研究成果。

关键词：农作物秸秆人造板研究前景

HTML PDF 收藏

标题作者时间类型操作

Direct ethanol production from rice straw by coculture with two high-performing fungi

Maki TAKANO, Kazuhiro HOSHINO

期刊论文

CH₄ and N₂O emissions from double-rice cropping system as affected by Chinese milkvetch and straw incorporation in southern China

Heshui XU,Dengyun LI,Bo ZHU,Kai ZHANG,Yadong YANG,Chen WANG,Ying JIANG,Zhaohai ZENG

期刊论文

Performance and mechanism for cadmium and lead adsorption from water and soil by corn straw biochar

Tong Chi,Jiane Zuo,Fenglin Liu

期刊论文

Integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass —A case study on the Sheyang Straw Power Plants

Xiaoshun LI , Futian QU , Dongmei JIANG , Peixin ZHU ,

期刊论文

Fabrication of cellulose aerogel from wheat straw with strong absorptive capacity

Jian LI,Caichao WAN,Yun LU,Qingfeng SUN

期刊论文

Isolation of highly purity cellulose from wheat straw using a modified aqueous biphasic system

Lifeng YAN, Yi ZHAO, Qing GU, Wan LI

期刊论文

Effects of nano-silicon and common silicon on lead uptake and translocation in two rice cultivars

Jianguo LIU,Hui CAI,Congcong MEI,Mingxin WANG

期刊论文

Effect of mulching with maize straw on water infiltration and soil loss at different initial soil moistures

Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA

期刊论文

METAGENOMICS COMBINED WITH HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING REVEALS THE METHANOGENIC POTENTIAL OF FRESH CORN STRAW

期刊论文

水稻eui种质的遗传评价和育种利用

杨仁崔

期刊论文

The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across

期刊论文

Effects of cotton straw amendment on soil fertility and microbial communities

Wuren HUANG, Zhihui BAI, Daniel HOEFEL, Qing HU, Xin LV, Guoqiang ZHUANG, Shengjun XU, Hongyan QI, Hongxun ZHANG

期刊论文

水稻节水灌溉及其对环境的影响

茆智

期刊论文

Effects of rape straw and red mud on extractability and bioavailability of cadmium in a calcareous soil

Junxing YANG,Liqun WANG,Jumei LI,Dongpu WEI,Shibao CHEN,Qingjun GUO,Yibing MA

期刊论文

农作物秸秆人造板的研究

周定国

期刊论文

京公网安备 11010502051620号京ICP备11030251号-2

关注我们