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Elevated methylmercury production in mercury-contaminated soil and its bioaccumulation in rice: key roles

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1745-6

摘要：

● AOM input elevates water-soluble cysteine and labile DOM fractions in soil.

关键词： Mercury     Methylmercury     Algae     Organic matter     Rice (Oryza sativa L.)    

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Direct ethanol production from rice straw by coculture with two high-performing fungi

Maki TAKANO, Kazuhiro HOSHINO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1281-6

摘要： To develop efficient and economical direct ethanol production from fine rice straw crashed mechanically, two high-performing fungi, which can secret hyperactive cellulases and/or ferment effectively various sugars, were selected from some strains belong to preserved in our laboratory. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by coculture with these fungi was investigated. The screening of high-performing fungi resulted in the selection of NBRC 4572 as an ethanol-producing fungus and NBRC 5398 as a cellulase-secreting fungus. The strain 4572 produced ethanol aerobically from glucose and xylose in high yields of 0.420 g/g at 36 h and 0.478 g/g at 60 h, respectively, but secreted fairly low cellulases. On the other hand, the strain 5398 also produced ethanol from glucose in yield of 0.340 g/g though it had a little growth in xylose culture. However, it secreted hyperactive cellulases that are essential for hydrolysis of rice straw in culture and the maximum activities of endo-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase were 2.11 U/L and 1.47 U/L, respectively. In SSF of rice straw by coculture with two fungi selected, the ethanol production reached 1.28 g/L after 96 h when the inoculation ratio of the strain 5398 to the strain 4572 was 9.

关键词： Mucor circinelloides     ethanol production     cellulase secretion     SSF     coculture     rice straw    

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水稻eui种质的遗传评价和育种利用

杨仁崔

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第8期   页码 26-30

摘要：

发现水稻节间伸长的eui新基因及其高秆隐性种质的多型性，育成长穗颈的雄性不育系，组配成e(eui)-杂交稻，并已进入生产应用。e-杂交稻研究和发展的目标是：减少杂交稻种子生产中50%～90%的赤霉素用量，并提高种子产量和质量；杂交稻增产，同时减少杂交稻种植的氮肥用量。已克隆分离出EUI1，EUI2基因，并获得该突变基因碱基缺失多样性的材料，将为植物生长发育，GA代谢激素与杂种优势，以及基因突变的分子机理和植物基因工程的研究提供材料和机遇。

关键词： 水稻     eui     e-杂交稻     遗传评价     育种    

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The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1431-5

摘要：

•Direct seeding (DS) method led to more distributed Cd in aerial parts of rice.

关键词： Cadmium     Genotypes     Growth stages     Micro X-ray fluorescence     Planting mode    

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Effects of nano-silicon and common silicon on lead uptake and translocation in two rice cultivars

Jianguo LIU,Hui CAI,Congcong MEI,Mingxin WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第5期   页码 905-911 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0786-x

摘要： The current study investigated the effects of nano-silicon (Si) and common Si on lead (Pb) toxicity, uptake, translocation, and accumulation in the rice cultivars Yangdao 6 and Yu 44 grown in soil containing two different Pb levels (500 mg·kg and 1000 mg·kg ). The results showed that Si application alleviated the toxic effects of Pb on rice growth. Under soil Pb treatments of 500 and 1000 mg·kg , the biomasses of plants supplied with common Si and nano-Si were 1.8%–5.2% and 3.3%–11.8% higher, respectively, than those of plants with no Si supply (control). Compared to the control, Pb concentrations in rice shoots supplied with common Si and nano-Si were reduced by 14.3%–31.4% and 27.6%–54.0%, respectively. Pb concentrations in rice grains treated with common Si and nano-Si decreased by 21.3%–40.9% and 38.6%–64.8%, respectively. Pb translocation factors (TFs) from roots to shoots decreased by 15.0%–29.3% and 25.6%–50.8%, respectively. The TFs from shoots to grains reduced by 8.3%–13.7% and 15.3%–21.1%, respectively, after Si application. The magnitudes of the effects observed on plants decreased in the following order: nano-Si treatment>common Si treatment and high-grain-Pb-accumulating cultivar (Yangdao 6)>low-grain-Pb-accumulating cultivar (Yu 44) and heavy Pb stress (1000 mg·kg )>moderate Pb stress (500 mg·kg )>no Pb treatment. The results of the study indicate that nano-Si is more efficient than common Si in ameliorating the toxic effects of Pb on rice growth, preventing Pb transfer from rice roots to aboveground parts, and blocking Pb accumulation in rice grains, especially in high-Pb-accumulating rice cultivars and in heavily Pb-polluted soils.

关键词： silicon (Si)     lead (Pb)     rice (Oryza sativa L.)     toxicity     accumulation    

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水稻节水灌溉及其对环境的影响

茆智

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第7期   页码 8-16

摘要：

水稻是中国最主要的粮食作物之一，其产量约占粮食作物总产量的40%；在全国约11×108hm2的粮食作物总面积中，稻田面积约占28%。20世纪80年代以来，水稻产区的水资源短缺已成为当地农业生产中的重要问题，各地试验、开发、应用与推广了许多种水稻节水灌溉模式。文章根据这些新的水稻灌溉模式试验结果与推广经验，将我国水稻节水灌溉主要模式归纳为浅、湿、晒结合，间歇淹水，半旱栽培和蓄雨型等4类。阐述了这些模式的田间水分控制标准以及节水、增产和提高水分生产率的潜力；提出了该4类模式的选择原则以及应用这些模式时应注意的问题；分析、讨论了推广这些模式能够持续节水与提高水分生产率的机理以及对环境的影响。

关键词： 水稻     节水灌溉     灌溉模式     节水潜力     环境影响    

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Unmanned aerial vehicle hierarchical detection of leaf blast in rice crops based on a specific spectral

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2024576

摘要：

● A new vegetation index, rice blast index (RBI), was constructed to detect rice leaf blast.

关键词： Drone remote sensing technology     hyperspectral technology     leaf blast disease     rice     vegetation index    

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发展超级杂交水稻，保障国家粮食安全

袁隆平

《工程（英文）》 2015年 第1卷 第1期   页码 13-14 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015021

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稻渔综合种养及其发展建议

马达文,钱静,刘家寿,桂建芳

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第3期   页码 96-100 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.03.016

摘要：

稻田养鱼是一种传统的综合养鱼方式。近几年来，一批以特种经济品种为主导的稻渔综合种养新模式不断涌现，在经济、社会、生态等方面取得显著的成效。为了推广稻渔综合种养的经验，本文实地调研了湖北省两种典型的稻渔综合种养模式，其中“虾–稻共作”模式亩均纯收入超过3 000元，亩纯收入则是单纯种粮的3~4倍；“鳖–虾–鱼–稻共作”模式亩均纯收入近万元，是单一种植水稻亩均效益的12.8倍。本文还提出了加快产业发展的建议,包括进一步拓展种养殖空间、促进产业融合发展及加大政策扶持力度等。

关键词： 稻田     综合种养     虾–稻共作     鳖–虾–鱼–稻共作    

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Estimating the effect of urease inhibitor on rice yield based on NDVI at key growth stages

Kailou LIU,Yazhen LI,Huiwen HU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第2期   页码 150-157 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014028

摘要： The effect of the urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) at a range of application rates on rice production was examined in a field experiment at Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province, China. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was measured at key growth stages in both early and late rice. The results showed that the grain yield increased significantly when urea was applied with NBPT, with the highest yield observed at 1.00% NBPT (wt/wt). NDVI differed with the growth stage of rice; it remained steady from the heading to the filling stage. Rice yield could be predicted from the NDVI taken at key rice growing stages, with ranging from 0.34 to 0.69 in early rice and 0.49 to 0.70 in late rice. The validation test showed that RMSE (t·hm ) values were 0.77 and 0.87 in early and late rice, respectively. Therefore, it was feasible to estimate rice yield for different amounts of urease inhibitor using NDVI.

关键词： normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)     N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)     rice     grain yield    

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Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection RESEARCH ARTICLE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2024年 第11卷 第1期   页码 169-185 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023521

摘要：

In Asia, the rice crop sustains millions of people. However, growing demand for this crop needs to be met while simultaneously reducing its water consumption to cope with the effects of climate change. Lowland cropping systems are the most common and productive but have particularly high water requirements. High-yielding rice genotypes adapted to drier environments (such as rainfed or aerobic rice ecosystems) are needed to increase the water use efficiency of cropping. Identifying these genotypes requires fast and more accurate selection methods. It is hypothesized that applying a new quantitative selection method (the score index selection method), can usefully compare rice yield responses over different years and stress intensities to select genotypes more rapidly and efficiently. Applying the score index to previously published rice yield data for 39 genotypes grown in no-stress and two stress environments, identified three genotypes (ARB 8, IR55419-04 and ARB 7) with higher and stable yield under moderate to severe stress conditions. These genotypes are postulated to be better adapted to stress environment such as upland and aerobic environments. Importantly, the score index selection method offers improved precision than the conventional breeding selection method in identifying genotypes that are well-suited to a range of stress levels within the target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice     breeding selection     drought resilience     production capacity index     resilience capacity index     stress score index     upland    

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水稻超高产育种研究进展与前景

陈温福,徐正进,张龙步,张文忠,杨守仁

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第1期   页码 31-35

摘要：

水稻单产经历了由矮化育种和杂交稻带来的两次飞跃以后，长时间停滞不前。研究表明，以籼粳稻亚种间强优势利用与理想株型相结合为主要特征的超高产育种（即超级稻），正孕育着单产水平的第3次突破。基本理论与技术路线是增加生物产量，优化产量结构，利用籼粳稻亚远缘杂交或地理远缘杂交创造新株型和强优势，通过优化性状组配使理想株型与优势相结合。按照这一理论与技术路线，已经成功地创造出一批新株型优异种质，并育成了单产12～13 t/hm2的超级稻。

关键词： 水稻     新株型     超高产育种    

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Response of peroxidase and catalase to acid rain stress during seed germination of rice, wheat, and rape

WANG Lihong, HUANG Xiaohua, ZHOU Qing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 364-369 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0053-5

摘要： Seed germination of plants with various acid-resistance display different responses to acid rain. To understand the reason why such differences occur, the effects of simulated acid rain (pH 2.5–5.0) on the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) during seed germination of rice (), wheat (), and rape ( var. ) were investigated. Results indicated that the maximum change in activities of CAT and POD by acid rain treatment with different acidity and time in relation to the referent treatment without acid rain, was in the order: rice (28.8%, 31.7%) < wheat (34.7%, 48.3%) < rape (79.3%, 50.0%). The pH level for which the treatment with acid rain did not cause significant difference ( < 0.05) was in the order: rice (3.5) > wheat (4.0) > rape (5.0). Moreover, the change in activity of POD was higher than that of CAT, which showed that POD was more sensitive to acid rain stress than CAT. The difference in the ability of POD and CAT in removing free radicals was one reason why the germination indexes of these three species behaved differently.
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Ecosystem service tradeoff between traditional and modern agriculture: a case study in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, China

Dan ZHANG, Qingwen MIN, Moucheng LIU, Shengkui CHENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第5期   页码 743-752 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0385-4

摘要： Besides crops, agriculture supplies all three major categories of ecosystem services (ES). However, agriculture also supplies an array of ecosystem dis-services (EDS) that may harm other ecosystems. The flows of ES and EDS are directly dependent on the management of agricultural ecosystems. The traditional method of Chinese agriculture, which supports sustainable agriculture, has been proven to increase ES and reduce EDS. However, there is a lack of a detailed understanding of the ES and EDS associated with traditional agriculture, and also of differences between traditional and modern agriculture. In this study, an investigation was conducted on the ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem dis-services (EDS) of traditional and modern agriculture in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, China. Afterwards, the economic values of ES and EDS were quantified experimentally and calculated based on the market price. The results show that: the net economic value of traditional rice-fish agriculture was 3.31×10 CNY·ha (6.83 CNY= 1 USD as of July, 2009) and that of rice monoculture was 1.99×10 CNY·ha . Significant differences existed between traditional rice-fish and rice monoculture fields for their economic values of some ES or EDS. A benefit and cost analysis (BCA) model was used to adjust the conflict between the economic income and environmental loss from traditional and modern agriculture. The BCA model not only calculates the net income but also monetizes the EDS of the agricultural systems. The results showed that the net income of rice-fish agriculture was 1.94×10 CNY·ha higher than that of rice monoculture. However, the benefit to cost ratio (BCR) of rice-fish agriculture was lower than that of rice monoculture, indicating that the traditional agricultural model was not the most optimized choice for farmers. The value of the rice-fish agriculture was much higher than that of the rice monoculture. Thus, when considering the benefits that rice-fish agriculture contributes to the large-scale society, these agricultural methods needs to be utilized. Furthermore, the labor opportunity costs were calculated and the comprehensive value of rice monoculture was negative. Finally, the compensation standard was calculated based on the comprehensive benefit analysis. The lowest level was 1.09×10 CNY·ha , and the highest level was 1.21×10 CNY·ha .

关键词： traditional agriculture     rice-fish agriculture     rice monoculture     benefit and cost analysis (BCA)     ecosystem services (ES)     ecosystem dis-services (EDS)    

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南方双季稻区冬油菜早熟品种选育和机械栽培研究进展

官春云,陈社员,吴明亮

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第2期   页码 4-10

摘要：

为促进南方双季稻区冬油菜生产的发展，选育出油菜早熟品种和实行机械栽培是生产急需解决的两大问题。课题组经过近5年的系统研究，现已成功选育出5个早熟、双低、抗病、高含油量的油菜新组合（品系）。成功研制了适合油菜免耕（浅耕）直播要求的2BYF（D）—6型油菜免耕直播联合播种机，并配套研究了适合直播油菜要求的一次性施用控释肥；同时配合农艺上的催熟剂的开发与使用，研制了与高密度早熟油菜品种相配套的4YC-200油菜联合收割机。形成了在南方双季稻区机械化种植油菜农艺操作规程。通过以上集成技术的实施，实现了油菜种植成本降低，种植面积扩大，油菜产量和种植经济效益的提高，试验测定，通过机械化种植油菜，每公顷纯收入可增至4 500元以上。

关键词： 双季稻     油菜     早熟品种     机械栽培     控释肥     催熟剂    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Elevated methylmercury production in mercury-contaminated soil and its bioaccumulation in rice: key roles

期刊论文

Direct ethanol production from rice straw by coculture with two high-performing fungi

Maki TAKANO, Kazuhiro HOSHINO

期刊论文

水稻eui种质的遗传评价和育种利用

杨仁崔

期刊论文

The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across

期刊论文

Effects of nano-silicon and common silicon on lead uptake and translocation in two rice cultivars

Jianguo LIU,Hui CAI,Congcong MEI,Mingxin WANG

期刊论文

水稻节水灌溉及其对环境的影响

茆智

期刊论文

Unmanned aerial vehicle hierarchical detection of leaf blast in rice crops based on a specific spectral

期刊论文

发展超级杂交水稻，保障国家粮食安全

袁隆平

期刊论文

稻渔综合种养及其发展建议

马达文,钱静,刘家寿,桂建芳

期刊论文

Estimating the effect of urease inhibitor on rice yield based on NDVI at key growth stages

Kailou LIU,Yazhen LI,Huiwen HU

期刊论文

Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection

期刊论文

水稻超高产育种研究进展与前景

陈温福,徐正进,张龙步,张文忠,杨守仁

期刊论文

Response of peroxidase and catalase to acid rain stress during seed germination of rice, wheat, and rape

WANG Lihong, HUANG Xiaohua, ZHOU Qing

期刊论文

Ecosystem service tradeoff between traditional and modern agriculture: a case study in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, China

Dan ZHANG, Qingwen MIN, Moucheng LIU, Shengkui CHENG

期刊论文

南方双季稻区冬油菜早熟品种选育和机械栽培研究进展

官春云,陈社员,吴明亮

期刊论文