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Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China

Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 25-33 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016090

摘要： Reducing irrigation water use by improving water use efficiency (WUE) in grain production is critical for the development of sustainable agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP). This article summarizes the research progresses in WUE improvement carried out at the Luancheng station located in the Northern part of NCP for the past three decades. Progresses in four aspects of yield and WUE improvement are presented, including yield and WUE improvement associated with cultivar selection, irrigation management for improving yield and WUE under limited water supply, managing root system for efficient soil water use and reducing soil evaporation by straw mulch. The results showed that annual average increase of 0.014 kg·m for winter wheat and 0.02 kg·m in WUE were observed for the past three decades, and this increase was largely associated with the improvement in harvest index related to cultivar renewal and an increase in chemical fertilizer use and soil fertility. The results also indicated that deficit irrigation for winter wheat could significantly reduce the irrigation water use, whereas the seasonal yield showed a smaller reduction rate and WUE was significantly improved. Straw mulching of summer maize using the straw from winter wheat could reduce seasonal soil evaporation by 30–40 mm. With new cultivars and improved management practices it was possible to further increase grain production without much increase in water use. Future strategies to further improve WUE are also discussed.

关键词： harvest index     cultivar selection     deficit irrigation     root water uptake     straw mulching    

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Alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high irrigation frequency improves root growth and reducesunproductive water loss by apple trees in arid north-west China

Shaoqing DU, Ling TONG, Shaozhong KANG, Fusheng LI, Taisheng DU, Sien LI, Risheng DING

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 188-196 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017176

摘要： Alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) can improve water use efficiency in arid areas. However, the effectiveness and outcomes of different frequencies of APRI on water uptake capacity and physiological water use have not been reported. A two-year field experiment was conducted with two irrigation amounts (400 and 500 mm) and three irrigation methods (conventional irrigation, APRI with high and low frequencies). Root length density, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water use efficiency, midday stem and leaf water potentials were measured. The results show that in comparison with conventional irrigation, APRI with high frequency significantly increased root length density and decreased water potentials and stomatal conductance. No differences in the above indicators between the two APRI frequencies were detected. A significantly positive relationship between stomatal conductance and root length density was found under APRI. Overall, alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high frequency has a great potential to promote root growth, expand water uptake capacity and reduce unproductive water loss in the arid apple production area.

关键词： alternate partial root-zone irrigation     apple tree     leaf water use efficiency     root length density     stomatal conductance     water potential    

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Effects of dwarfing genes on water use efficiency of bread wheat

Jiakun YAN, Suiqi ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 126-134 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017134

摘要： Climate change has increased the risk of drought, which significantly limits plant productivity. Various ways of increasing water availability and sustaining growth of crop plants in drought-prone environments are available. Genetic advances in grain yields under rainfed conditions have been achieved with the introduction of dwarfing genes. A thorough understanding of the effects of different dwarfing genes on root growth, coleoptile length, grain yields and water using efficiency (WUE) will provide opportunities to select appropriate genes for breeding high WUE and grain yield cultivars. This review focuses on the mechanism involved in genes that reduce plant height and affect root and coleoptile length, their consequent effects on grain yields and WUE, and suggests that for rainfed and irrigation-limited environments, combining GAR and GAI dwarfing genes in breeding may help boost WUE and yields, and more materials from different parental sources should be collected to assess opportunities for potential comprehensive application of specific genes.

关键词： coleoptile length     wheat     dwarfing genes     grain yield     root     water use efficiency    

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ROLE OF NITROGEN SENSING AND ITS INTEGRATIVE SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN SHAPING ROOT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 316-332 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022441

摘要：

● The Green Revolution broadened the trade-off between yield and nitrogen-use efficiency.

关键词： Nitrogen     root system architecture     phytohormone     crosstalk     nitrogen-use efficiency     breeding strategy    

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The evolution of surgical and medical treatment of aortic root aneurysm

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 427-432 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0385-4

摘要：

Since first report of aortic root replacement in 1968, the surgical risk and long term outcome of patients with aortic root aneurysm have been continuously improving. In the last 30 years, the surgical approach is also evolving towards more valve conservation with prophylactical intervention at an earlier clinical stage. Translational research has also led to emerging surgical innovation and new drug therapy. Their efficacies are currently under vigorous clinical trials and evaluations.

关键词： aortic root aneurysm     aortic root replacement     valve sparing root replacement     personalised external aortic root support    

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Comments on “Prediction on CO uptake of recycled aggregate concrete”, Frontiers of Structural and Civil

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1504-1506 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0782-0

摘要： A methodology to compute the CO2 uptake of recycled aggregate concrete is proposed in the commented paper. Besides some typos in several formulas, it is found that the approach to estimate the specific surface area of the recycled aggregates is not correct. This issue has some impact in the conclusions of the commented paper. Therefore, aiming to improve the understanding, accuracy and findings of the commented paper, an alternative approach to estimate the specific surface area of the recycled aggregates, as well as an erratum of the formulas and revised conclusions are suggested.
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Optimizing hairy root production from explants of

Zhaogui YAN, Shengyu LIU, Junlian ZHANG, Guan HUANG, Lijun DUAN, Yaomei YE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 513-522 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019272

摘要：

is a shrub that has been used in traditional herbal medicine. It has great pharmaceutical potential for treating diseases such as cancer and diabetes. As a prerequisite for propagation of this species on a large scale, hairy roots in were induced using and various factors affecting hairy root induction and growth evaluated. Seven factors were tested: (1) type of explant, (2) type of culture medium, (3) duration of pre-culture, (4) inoculum cell density, (5) duration of infection, (6) acetosyringone concentration in the culture medium, and (7) duration of incubation. The optimal protocol for hairy root induction and growth was: young shoots, pre-cultured in Y1 for 2 d, inoculated with broth with an OD of 0.6 for 20 min, and incubated for 3 d. Putative transgenic hairy roots were initially identified by morphology and then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Successful and optimal production of hairy roots is a critical prerequisite for industrial scale clonal propagation of . Being able to cultivate the plant on a large scale will provide rapid and ready supply of the plant materials that can be used in herbal medicine and in scientific and industrial exploitation.

关键词： hairy root induction     medicinal plant     MS growth medium     Phyllanthus hainanensis     Rhizobium rhizogenes    

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Effects of previous drying of sediment on root functional traits and rhizoperformance of emerged macrophytes

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1427-1

摘要：

• Sediment desiccation alters morphological characteristics of aquatic sediment.

关键词： Fibrous-root macrophytes     Thick-root macrophytes     Nutrients removal     Wet sediment     Dried-rewetted sediment    

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Organic and inorganic phosphorus uptake by bacteria in a plug-flow microcosm

Jinbo ZHAO, Xuehua LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 173-184 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0494-3

摘要： Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient for sustaining natural water productivity. Both particulate and dissolved forms of organic and inorganic P are potentially important sources of bioavailable P for primary and secondary producers. A microcosm system to imitate the bacterial community in Plym river sediment and pore water is described and bacterial uptake rates for inorganic and organic phosphorus are presented in this paper. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of two organic phosphorus compounds (phytic acid and D-glucose-6-phosphate) by freshwater bacteria. The bioreactors comprise glass columns packed with two types of small glass beads on which bacterial biofilm can develop. The glass beads with different porosity were introduced to simulate River SPM. The selected P compounds spiked into the inflow of the microcosm, and measured the step change of P concentration in the outflow to investigate the behavior of bacterial uptake of nutrients. The results showed that organic phosphorus was converted into inorganic phosphorus but the conversion rate depended on the type of phosphorus species. One experiment suggested that phytic acid (refractory) could displace phosphate from the biofilm surface; the other experiment showed that D-glucose-6-phosphate (labile) could be hydrolysed and utilized easily by the bacteria. The results also suggested that bacteria might break down the C-P bonds to utilize the carbon. Further experiments should investigate the effect of varying the C:N:P ratio in the microcosm system to determine which nutrient limits bacteria uptake.

关键词： organic phosphorus     bacteria     uptake    

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Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of global phosphorus use: focus on root and rhizosphere levels

null

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 357-365 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019275

摘要：

Phosphorus (P) is essential for life and for efficient crop production, but global P use with limited recycling is inefficient in several sectors, including agronomy. Unfortunately, plant physiologists, agronomists, farmers and end users employ different measures for P use efficiency (PUE), which often masks their values at different scales. The term P use effectiveness, which also considers energetic and sustainability measures in addition to P balances, is also a valuable concept. Major physiological and genetic factors for plant P uptake and utilization have been identified, but there has been limited success in genetically improving PUE of modern crop cultivars. In maize, studies on root architectural and morphological traits appear promising. Rhizosphere processes assist in mobilizing and capturing sparingly soluble phosphate from rock phosphate. Combinations of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms with ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizer, as well as strategies of fertilizer placement near the roots of target crops, can moderately enhance PUE. The desired concentration of P in the products differs, depending on the final use of the crop products as feed, food or for energy conversion, which should be considered during crop production.

关键词： acquisition efficiency     plant growth promoting rhizobacteria     phosphate     use efficiency     utilization efficiency    

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The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1431-5

摘要：

•Direct seeding (DS) method led to more distributed Cd in aerial parts of rice.

关键词： Cadmium     Genotypes     Growth stages     Micro X-ray fluorescence     Planting mode    

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Denitrification and phosphorus uptake by DPAOs using nitrite as an electron acceptor by step-feed strategies

Bin MA, Shuying WANG, Guibing ZHU, Shijian GE, Junmin WANG, Nanqi Ren, Yongzhen PENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 267-272 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0439-2

摘要： Denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) using nitrite as an electron acceptor can reduce more energy. However, nitrite has been reported to have an inhibition on denitrifying phosphorus removal. In this study, the step-feed strategy was proposed to achieve low nitrite concentration, which can avoid or relieve nitrite inhibition. The results showed that denitrification rate, phosphorus uptake rate and the ratio of the phosphorus uptaken to nitrite denitrified (anoxic P/N ratio) increased when the nitrite concentration was 15 mg·L after step-feeding nitrite. The maximum denitrification rate and phosphorus uptake rate was 12.73 mg and 18.75 mg , respectively. These rates were higher than that using nitrate (15 mg·L ) as an electron acceptor. The maximum anoxic P/N ratio was 1.55 mg . When the nitrite concentration increased from 15 to 20 mg after addition of nitrite, the anoxic phosphorus uptake was inhibited by 64.85%, and the denitrification by DPAOs was inhibited by 61.25%. Denitrification rate by DPAOs decreased gradually when nitrite (about 20 mg·L ) was added in the step-feed SBR. These results indicated that the step-feed strategy can be used to achieve denitrifying phosphorus removal using nitrite as an electron acceptor, and nitrite concentration should be maintained at low level (<15 mg·L in this study).

关键词： denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs)     denitrification     phosphorus uptake     nitrite     step-feed     enhanced biological phosphorus removal    

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A knowledge reasoning Fuzzy-Bayesian network for root cause analysis of abnormal aluminum electrolysis

Weichao Yue, Xiaofang Chen, Weihua Gui, Yongfang Xie, Hongliang Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 414-428 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1663-x

摘要： Root cause analysis (RCA) of abnormal aluminum electrolysis cell condition has long been a challenging industrial issue due to its inherent complexity in analyzing based on multi-source knowledge. In addition, accurate RCA of abnormal aluminum electrolysis cell condition is the precondition of improving current efficiency. RCA of abnormal condition is a complex work of multi-source knowledge fusion, which is difficult to ensure the RCA accuracy of abnormal cell condition because of dwindling and frequent flow of experienced technicians. In view of this, a method based on Fuzzy-Bayesian network to construct multi-source knowledge solidification reasoning model is proposed. The method can effectively fuse and solidify the knowledge, which is used to analyze the cause of abnormal condition by technicians providing a clear and intuitive framework to this complex task, and also achieve the result of root cause automatically. The proposed method was verified under 20 sets of abnormal cell conditions, and implements root cause analysis by finding the abnormal state of root node, which has a maximum posterior probability by Bayesian diagnosis reasoning. The accuracy of the test results is up to 95%, which shows that the knowledge reasoning feasibility for RCA of aluminum electrolysis cell.

关键词： abnormal aluminum electrolysis cell condition     Fuzzy-Bayesian network     multi-source knowledge solidification and reasoning     root cause analysis    

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Effects of nitrite on phosphate uptake in anaerobic-oxic process

LI Jie, XIONG Biyong, ZHANG Shude, YANG Hong, ZHANG Jie

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 39-42 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0007-3

摘要： An anaerobic-oxic (A/O) biological phosphorus removal reactor was operated to study the effect of nitrite on phosphate uptake. The phosphorus uptake profile was determined under different operating conditions. The results indicated that in addition to oxygen and nitrate (DPB, nitrate denitrifying phosphorus removal), to some extent, nitrite could also serve as an electron acceptor to achieve nitrite denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPB). The quantity and rate of phosphorus uptake of DPB, however, were evidently lower than that of DPB The experiment results revealed that nitrite would bring toxic action to phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) when NO-N"e93.7 mg/L. The nitrite existing in the anoxic reactor made no difference to the quantity and rate of denitrifying phosphorus removal, but it could reduce the consumption of nitrate. Moreover, the data showed that the aerobic phosphate uptake of DPB was lower than that of anaerobic phosphorus-released sludge in a traditional A/O process. However, there was not much difference between these two kinds of sludge in terms of the total phosphorus uptake quantity and the effluent quality.

关键词： effluent     PAOs     experiment     phosphate-accumulating     phosphorus removal    

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Design of nanocarriers for efficient cellular uptake and endosomal release of small molecule and nucleic

Vaibhav Mundra, Ram I. Mahato

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 387-404 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1457-3

摘要： There are many challenges in developing efficient and target specific delivery systems of small molecule and nucleic acid drugs. Cell membrane presents one of the major barriers for the penetration of hydrophilic macromolecules across the plasma membrane. Nanocarriers have been designed to enhance their cellular uptake via endocytosis but following their cellular uptake, endosomal escape is the rate limiting step which restricts the value associated with the enhanced uptake by nanocarriers. Viruses are an excellent model for efficient cytosolic delivery by nanocarriers. Viruses exploit intracellular cues to release the genome to cytosol. In this review, we first discuss different endocytic uptake pathways and endosomal escape mechanisms. We then summarize the existing tools for studying the intracellular trafficking of nanocarriers. Finally, we highlight the important design elements of recent virus-based nanocarriers for efficient cellular uptake and endosomal escape.

关键词： nanocarrier     cellular uptake     endosomal release     nucleic acid drug    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China

Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE

期刊论文

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high irrigation frequency improves root growth and reducesunproductive water loss by apple trees in arid north-west China

Shaoqing DU, Ling TONG, Shaozhong KANG, Fusheng LI, Taisheng DU, Sien LI, Risheng DING

期刊论文

Effects of dwarfing genes on water use efficiency of bread wheat

Jiakun YAN, Suiqi ZHANG

期刊论文

ROLE OF NITROGEN SENSING AND ITS INTEGRATIVE SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN SHAPING ROOT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

期刊论文

The evolution of surgical and medical treatment of aortic root aneurysm

null

期刊论文

Comments on “Prediction on CO uptake of recycled aggregate concrete”, Frontiers of Structural and Civil

期刊论文

Optimizing hairy root production from explants of

Zhaogui YAN, Shengyu LIU, Junlian ZHANG, Guan HUANG, Lijun DUAN, Yaomei YE

期刊论文

Effects of previous drying of sediment on root functional traits and rhizoperformance of emerged macrophytes

期刊论文

Organic and inorganic phosphorus uptake by bacteria in a plug-flow microcosm

Jinbo ZHAO, Xuehua LIU

期刊论文

Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of global phosphorus use: focus on root and rhizosphere levels

null

期刊论文

The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across

期刊论文

Denitrification and phosphorus uptake by DPAOs using nitrite as an electron acceptor by step-feed strategies

Bin MA, Shuying WANG, Guibing ZHU, Shijian GE, Junmin WANG, Nanqi Ren, Yongzhen PENG

期刊论文

A knowledge reasoning Fuzzy-Bayesian network for root cause analysis of abnormal aluminum electrolysis

Weichao Yue, Xiaofang Chen, Weihua Gui, Yongfang Xie, Hongliang Zhang

期刊论文

Effects of nitrite on phosphate uptake in anaerobic-oxic process

LI Jie, XIONG Biyong, ZHANG Shude, YANG Hong, ZHANG Jie

期刊论文

Design of nanocarriers for efficient cellular uptake and endosomal release of small molecule and nucleic

Vaibhav Mundra, Ram I. Mahato

期刊论文