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Structure controlling and process scale-up in the fabrication of nanomaterials

Chunzhong LI,

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 18-25 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0305-3

摘要: Nanotechnology is already having a significant commercial impact, and will very certainly have a much greater impact in the future. The research on process engineering and scale-up will be very important for the commercial production and application of nanomaterials, because the properties and structure of nanomaterials are not only determined by the nucleation and growth process, but also strongly affected by the engineering properties, such as the mixing, the heat and mass transfer, and also the distribution of temperature, concentration, etc. This paper will present some research work in our laboratory on the fabrication of nanomaterials. Based on the chemical engineering principle and methods, many kinds of novel nanomaterials can be synthesized and their structure can be easily controlled through adjusting the parameters of the fluid mixing, and the distribution of temperature, residence time and concentration, etc. By using the micro-mixing, heat and mass transfer and reaction control methods, the host-guest nanocomposites have been assembled and assumed as the novel electroanalytical sensing nanobiocomposite materials. Based on the principles of chemical engineering, the manufacturing technologies for magnetic powders, calcium carbonate, and titanium dioxide have been developed for commercial-scale production, and the largest production scale has reached 15 kt/year.

关键词: scale-up     significant commercial     electroanalytical     engineering     laboratory    

bioremediation of food-processing industrial wastewater under mixotrophic conditions: Kinetics and scale-up

Suvidha Gupta,R. A. Pandey,Sanjay B. Pawar

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 499-508 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1602-2

摘要: The microalgae were mixotrophically cultivated in an unsterilized and unfiltered raw food-processing industrial wastewater. Both inorganic carbon (CO -air) and organic carbon (wastewater) were provided simultaneously for microalgae growth. The aim of the study is to find out the utilization rates of total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) under mixotrophic conditions for a given waste water. About 90% reduction in TOC and COD were obtained for all dilutions of wastewater. Over 60% of nitrate and 40% of phosphate were consumed by microalgae from concentrated raw wastewater. This study shows that microalgae can use both organic and inorganic sources of carbon in more or less quantity under mixotrophic conditions. The growth of microalgae in food-processing industrial wastewater with all studied dilution factors, viz. zero (raw), 1.6 (dilution A), and 5 (dilution B) suggests that the freshwater requirement could be reduced substantially (20%–60%). The degradation kinetics also suggests that the microalgae cultivation on a high COD wastewater is feasible and scalable.

关键词: total organic carbon     wastewater bioremediation     kinetics     mixotrophic cultivation    

电活性膜去除氯酚污染物——面向工程应用的放大策略 Article

裴姝钊, 王毅, 尤世界, 李战国, 任南琪

《工程(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 77-84 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.017

摘要:

氯酚(CP)是一类重要的难降解污染物,对人类和其他生物具有高度毒性。电活性膜(REM)通过穿流式操作,能够强化对流传质,在电化学去除难降解污染物过程中彰显出巨大潜力。然而相关研究通常报道的是实验室规模,无法直接保证REM反应器在工程化放大中的成功运行。本研究证明了由亚氧化钛陶瓷阳极和不锈钢阴极配置的同轴管式电极(TCE)可用于大规模的CP 去除。理论和试验结果均表明,TCE构型不仅使电极表面处处正交于电场线,而且具有与电极长度成反比的欧姆电阻。此外,TCE构型可根据废水流动方向将从阳极流向阴极(AC模式)调整为从阴极流向阳极(CA模式),为CP的选择性降解创造了可控条件。单程穿流实验结果证实在CA模式下,2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)的去除动力学常数较AC模式高一个数量级,2,4-DCP 和化学需氧量(COD)去除率分别为98%和72.5%。理论计算和实验结果表明,CA模式具有较低的反应活化能和自由能。在不增加欧姆电阻或降低活性面积的情况下,TCE构型适用于组件化策略来放大电化学反应器规模。使用三个TCE组件时,2,4-DCP的去除率达到99.4%,能耗为1.5 kW⋅h⋅m−3。本研究为REM反应器提出了一种合理的电极构型设计,为电化学去除氯酚类污染物在跨越面向工程放大的“死亡之谷”提供有效策略。

关键词: 氯酚类污染物     活性膜电极     同轴管式电极     放大    

CO气相偶联制草酸模拟放大研究

王保伟,马新宾,李振花,许根慧

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第2期   页码 79-85

摘要:

CO气相偶联制草酸为多步反应循环系统。在评选出最佳催化剂及理论研究的基础上,利用模拟计算、催化剂工程研究和模试运转对CO气相偶联合成草酸二乙酯的工程问题进行了研究,解决了偶联反应和再生反应速率匹配的关键技术。在反应动力学和反应参数敏感性分析的基础上,经模试1000小时连续运转,解决了复杂反应的非线性多步循环的速率匹配,并建立了零排放洁净工艺过程;研制的催化剂适用于CO偶联反应工业放大工程,为工业生产提供了一条绿色化学工艺路线。

关键词: CO     偶联     草酸     模试放大     催化剂工程    

CO2高温电解技术助力化工产业碳中和 Review

李一枫, 张龙贵, 于波, 朱建新, 吴长江

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第21卷 第2期   页码 101-114 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.02.016

摘要:

化学工业是我国主要的CO2排放源,为了实现我国的碳中和目标,必须重点关注化学工业的碳排放情况。基于固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)的CO2高温电解技术,对于中国实现碳减排、碳达峰和碳中和目标具有重要意义。此外,该技术可以实现CO2的资源化利用,从而产生可观的环境效益和潜在的经济效益。目前,CO2高温电解技术已经在实验室和中试阶段取得了很大进展,但对该技术的大规模工业应用还需要进一步探索。本文综述了高温CO2电解池材料的最新研究进展,讨论了SOEC技术的未来发展方向,并提出了SOEC技术与化工合成耦合实现碳中和目标的方法。

关键词: 固体氧化物电解池     二氧化碳     碳中和         钙钛矿     规模化    

Scale up of reactors for carbon dioxide reduction

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 116-122 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2178-7

摘要: In recent times there has been a great deal of interest in the conversion of carbon dioxide into more useful chemical compounds. On the other hand, the translation of these developments in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide from the laboratory bench to practical scale remains an underexplored topic. Here we examine some of the major challenges, demonstrating some promising strategies towards such scale-up, including increased electrode area and stacking of electrode pairs in different configurations. We observed that increasing the electrode area from 1 to 10 cm2 led to only a 4% drop in current density, with similarly small penalties realised when stacking sub-cells together.

关键词: CO2 reduction     electrochemical cell     electrosynthesis     upscaling    

天然气提质过程中可有效回收丙烷和乙烷的高工业应用潜力金属有机框架材料 Article

咸士凯, 彭俊杰, Haardik Pandey, Timo Thonhauser, 王浩, 李静

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第23卷 第4期   页码 56-63 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.07.017

摘要:

开发具有高吸收和选择性的高效吸附剂用于从天然气中分离和回收C2H6和C3H8是一项重要但具有挑战性的任务。在这项工作中,我们证明了高表面极性和合适孔径是协同提高分离性能的两个关键因素,例如,金属有机框架(MOF)-303 和MIL-160(MIL:拉瓦锡材料研究所)都具有一维(1D)开放通道,其具有高密度杂原子和所需的孔径(5~7 Å)。值得注意的是,MOF-303 在298 K和5 kPa 下对C3H8的吸收高达3.38 mmol∙g−1,C3H8/CH4 (5:85, V/V)理想吸附溶液理论(IAST)选择性为5114,在所有已报道的MOF中创下新高。此外,MOF-303 也显示出很高的C2H6吸收能力(在10 kPa 时)和C2H6/CH4 (10:85, V/V)选择性,分别达到1.59 mmol∙g−1和26。与MOF-303 相比,MIL-160 的孔径更大,1D通道内杂原子密度更低,因此其具有明显较低的吸收和选择性,但其值超过了大多数报道的MOF。密度泛函理论(DFT)的计算结果表明,高表面极性和合适的孔径能协同增强框架对C3H8和C2H6的亲和力,从而产生了对C3H8和C2H6的高负载能力和选择性。在95%的相对湿度(RH)下暴露一个月后,两种MOF均具有显著的湿度稳定性,且结构没有变化。此外,这两种化合物的合成都可以很容易地通过一锅反应来放大规模,从而获得约5 g 的高结晶度样品。最后,通过三元突破性实验、再生试验和循环评价,证明了MOF-303 和MIL-160 作为先进的吸附剂在高效分离C3H8/C2H6/CH4方面的巨大潜力。其优异的分离性能、高稳定性、低成本和良好的可扩展性,是天然气净化和回收C2H6和C3H8的理想吸附剂。

关键词: 金属-有机框架,烃类吸附和分离,选择性,稳定性,放大合成    

发酵过程多水平问题及其生物反应器装置技术研究——基于过程参数相关的发酵过程优化与放大技术

张嗣良

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第8期   页码 37-45

摘要:

回顾了发酵过程优化与放大所依据的基本思想和方法,认为采用以动力学为基础的最佳工艺控制点为依据的静态操作方法,实质上只是化学工程宏观动力学概念在发酵工程上的延伸,往往忽视细胞代谢流的存在。以细胞代谢流的分析与控制为核心的生物反应工程学的观点,通过实验研究,提出了基于参数相关的发酵过程多水平问题研究的优化技术和发酵过程多参数调整的放大技术。随着过程传感技术和计算机技术的发展,设计了一种定型为FUS-50L(A)的新概念生物反应器。这种新型生物反应器是以物料流检测为手段,过程优化与放大为目标,成功地应用在青霉素、红霉素、金霉素、肌苷、鸟苷发酵和Pichia酵母表达系统的基因工程人血清白蛋白(rh-SA)、疟疾疫苗等高密度高表达培养,大幅度提高发酵水平,并直接放大到几百升,甚至100 m3以上生产规模发酵罐。

关键词: 生物反应器     发酵     优化     放大    

Large-scale industrial manufacturing of carbon nanotubes in a continuous inclined mobile-bed rotating

Sophie L. Pirard, Sigrid Douven, Jean-Paul Pirard

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 280-289 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1635-1

摘要: This article reports the different steps of the design, development and validation of a process for continuous production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via catalytic chemical vapor deposition from the laboratory scale to the industrial production. This process is based on a continuous inclined mobile-bed rotating reactor and very active catalysts using methane or ethylene as carbon source. The importance of modeling taking into account the hydrodynamic, physicochemical and physical phenomena that occur during CNT production in the process analysis is emphasized. The impact of this invention on the environment and human health is taken into consideration too.

关键词: carbon nanotubes     catalytic chemical vapor deposition     inclined rotating reactor     industrial process     scaling-up    

BUEES: a bottom-up event extraction system

Xiao DING,Bing QIN,Ting LIU

《信息与电子工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第16卷 第7期   页码 541-552 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400405

摘要: Traditional event extraction systems focus mainly on event type identification and event participant extraction based on pre-specified event type paradigms and manually annotated corpora. However, different domains have different event type paradigms. When transferring to a new domain, we have to build a new event type paradigm and annotate a new corpus from scratch. This kind of conventional event extraction system requires massive human effort, and hence prevents event extraction from being widely applicable. In this paper, we present BUEES, a bottom-up event extraction system, which extracts events from the web in a completely unsupervised way. The system automatically builds an event type paradigm in the input corpus, and then proceeds to extract a large number of instance patterns of these events. Subsequently, the system extracts event arguments according to these patterns. By conducting a series of experiments, we demonstrate the good performance of BUEES and compare it to a state-of-the-art Chinese event extraction system, i.e., a supervised event extraction system. Experimental results show that BUEES performs comparably (5% higher -measure in event type identification and 3% higher -measure in event argument extraction), but without any human effort.

关键词: Event extraction     Unsupervised learning     Bottom-up    

Working Up Green, and Living Up Green

Ji-shan He

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2014年 第1卷 第1期   页码 2-2 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014002

Jack up reliability analysis: An overview

Ahmad IDRIS, Indra Sati Hamonangan HARAHAP, Montasir Osman Ahmed ALI

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 504-514 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0443-5

摘要: Jack up is a mobile unit used for oil and gas exploration and production in offshore fields. On demand, the unit is moved and installed in a given location and used for a period up to 12 months before being un-installed and moved to another location. Due to its mobility and re-usability, when the unit is offered for use in a given offshore location, its suitability in terms of safe operation is evaluated in accordance with the guidelines of Site Specific Assessment (SSA) of jack up. When the unit failed safety assessment criteria, the guideline recommended that it is re-assessed by increasing the complexity of the assumptions and methods used. Reliability analysis theories are one of the frameworks recommended for the safety assessment of the units. With recent developments in uncertainty and reliability analysis of structures subject to stochastic excitation, this study aims at providing a review on the past developments in jack up reliability analysis and to identify possible future directions. The results from literature reviewed shows that failure probabilities vary significantly with analysis method used. In addition, from the variants of reliability analysis approach, the method of time dependent reliability for dynamic structures subject to stochastic excitation have not been implemented on jack ups. Consequently, suggestions were made on the areas that need further examination for improvement of the efficiency in safety assessment of the units using reliability theories.

关键词: jack up     reliability analysis     uncertainty analysis     review of jack up    

Performance of a novel bent-up bars system not interacting with concrete

Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Mohammad Reza GHASEMI, Hesam VARAEE

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第6期   页码 1301-1315 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0552-4

摘要: Increasing the bending and shear capacities of reinforced concrete members is an interesting issue in structural engineering. In recent years, many studies have been carried out to improve capacities of reinforced concrete members such as using post and pre-tensioning, Fiber Reinforced Polymer and other techniques. This paper proposes a novel and significant technique to increase the flexural capacity of simply supported reinforced concrete beams. The proposed method uses a new reinforcement bar system having bent-up bars, covered with rubber tubes. This technique will avoid interaction of bent-up bars with concrete. They are located in the zone where compressive and tensile forces act against one another. The compressive force in the upper point of the bent-up bars is exerted to the end point of these bars located under neutral axis. Moreover, the tensile stress is decreased in reinforcements located under the neutral axis. This will cause the Reinforced Concrete (RC) beam to endure extra loading before reaching yield stress. These factors may well be considered as reasons to increase bending capacity in the new system. The laboratory work together with finite element method analysis were carried out in this investigation. Furthermore, bending capacity, ductility, strength, and cracking zone were assessed for the new proposed system and compared with the conventional model. Both the FEM simulation and the experimental test results revealed that the proposed system has significant impact in increasing the load bearing capacity and the stiffness of the RC beams. In the present study, an equation is formulated to calculate bending capacity of a new reinforcement bar system beam.

关键词: bending capacity     rubber tube     stress transfer     bent-up bars     ductility     cracking    

Scaling up of cluster beam deposition technology for catalysis application

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1360-1379 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2101-7

摘要: Many research works have demonstrated that the combination of atomically precise cluster deposition and theoretical calculations is able to address fundamental aspects of size-effects, cluster-support interactions, and reaction mechanisms of cluster materials. Although the wet chemistry method has been widely used to synthesize nanoparticles, the gas-phase synthesis and size-selected strategy was the only method to prepare supported metal clusters with precise numbers of atoms for a long time. However, the low throughput of the physical synthesis method has severely constrained its wider adoption for catalysis applications. In this review, we introduce the latest progress on three types of cluster source which have the most promising potential for scale-up, including sputtering gas aggregation source, pulsed microplasma cluster source, and matrix assembly cluster source. While the sputtering gas aggregation source is leading ahead with a production rate of ~20 mg·h–1, the pulsed microplasma source has the smallest physical dimensions which makes it possible to compact multiple such devices into a small volume for multiplied production rate. The matrix assembly source has the shortest development history, but already show an impressive deposition rate of ~10 mg·h–1. At the end of the review, the possible routes for further throughput scale-up are envisaged.

关键词: nanoparticle     cluster     cluster beam deposition     magnetron sputtering     heterogeneous catalysis    

自上而下和自下而上相结合提高大规模生态修复规划的实用性和效率——来自社会-生态系统的启示 Article

Zhaowei Ding, Hua Zheng, Jun Wang, Patrick O´Connor, Cong Li, Xiaodong Chen, Ruonan Li, Zhiyun Ouyang

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第31卷 第12期   页码 50-58 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.008

摘要:

Ecological restoration policies and their implementation are influenced by ecological and socioeconomic drivers. Top-down approach-based spatial planning, emphasizing hierarchical control within government structures, and without a comprehensive consideration of social–ecological interactions may result in implementation failure and low efficiency. Although many researchers have indicated the necessity to engage social–ecological interactions between stakeholders in effective planning processes, socioeconomic drivers of ecological restoration on a large scale are difficult to quantify because of data scarcity and knowledge limitations. Here, we established a new ecological restoration planning approach linking a social–ecological system framework to large-scale ecological restoration planning. The new spatial planning approach integrates bottom-up approaches targeting stakeholder interests and provides social considerations for stakeholder behavior analysis. Based on this approach, a meta-analysis is introduced to recognize key socioeconomic and social–ecological factors influencing large-scale ecological restoration implementation, and a stochastic model is constructed to analyze the impact of socioeconomic drivers on the behavior of authorities and participants on a large scale. We used the Yangtze River Basin-based Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program (CCFP), one of the largest payments for ecosystem service programs worldwide, to quantify the socioeconomic impacts of large-scale ecological restoration programs. Current CCFP planning without socioeconomic considerations failed to achieve large-scale program goals and showed low investment efficiency, with 19.71% of the implemented area reconverting to cropland after contract expiry. In contrast, spatial matching between planned and actual restoration increased from 61.55% to 81.86% when socioeconomic drivers were included. In addition, compared to that with the current CCFP implementation, the cost effectiveness of spatial planning with social considerations improved by 46.94%. Thus, spatial optimization planning that integrates both top-down and bottom-up approaches can result in more practical and effective ecological restoration than top-down approaches alone. Our new approach incorporates socioeconomic factors into large-scale ecological restoration planning with high practicality and efficiency.

关键词: Social-ecological system     Ecological restoration     Top-down approach     Bottom-up approach    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Structure controlling and process scale-up in the fabrication of nanomaterials

Chunzhong LI,

期刊论文

bioremediation of food-processing industrial wastewater under mixotrophic conditions: Kinetics and scale-up

Suvidha Gupta,R. A. Pandey,Sanjay B. Pawar

期刊论文

电活性膜去除氯酚污染物——面向工程应用的放大策略

裴姝钊, 王毅, 尤世界, 李战国, 任南琪

期刊论文

CO气相偶联制草酸模拟放大研究

王保伟,马新宾,李振花,许根慧

期刊论文

CO2高温电解技术助力化工产业碳中和

李一枫, 张龙贵, 于波, 朱建新, 吴长江

期刊论文

Scale up of reactors for carbon dioxide reduction

期刊论文

天然气提质过程中可有效回收丙烷和乙烷的高工业应用潜力金属有机框架材料

咸士凯, 彭俊杰, Haardik Pandey, Timo Thonhauser, 王浩, 李静

期刊论文

发酵过程多水平问题及其生物反应器装置技术研究——基于过程参数相关的发酵过程优化与放大技术

张嗣良

期刊论文

Large-scale industrial manufacturing of carbon nanotubes in a continuous inclined mobile-bed rotating

Sophie L. Pirard, Sigrid Douven, Jean-Paul Pirard

期刊论文

BUEES: a bottom-up event extraction system

Xiao DING,Bing QIN,Ting LIU

期刊论文

Working Up Green, and Living Up Green

Ji-shan He

期刊论文

Jack up reliability analysis: An overview

Ahmad IDRIS, Indra Sati Hamonangan HARAHAP, Montasir Osman Ahmed ALI

期刊论文

Performance of a novel bent-up bars system not interacting with concrete

Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Mohammad Reza GHASEMI, Hesam VARAEE

期刊论文

Scaling up of cluster beam deposition technology for catalysis application

期刊论文

自上而下和自下而上相结合提高大规模生态修复规划的实用性和效率——来自社会-生态系统的启示

Zhaowei Ding, Hua Zheng, Jun Wang, Patrick O´Connor, Cong Li, Xiaodong Chen, Ruonan Li, Zhiyun Ouyang

期刊论文