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Nonlinear sealing force of a seawater balance valve used in an 11000-meter manned submersible

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0726-y

摘要: Balance valve is a core component of the 11000-meter manned submersible “struggle,” and its sealing performance is crucial and challenging when the maximum pressure difference is 118 MPa. The increasing sealing force improves the sealing performance and increases the system’s energy consumption at the same time. A hybrid analytical–numerical–experimental (ANE) model is proposed to obtain the minimum sealing force, ensuring no leakage at the valve port and reducing energy consumption as much as possible. The effects of roundness error, environmental pressure, and materials on the minimum sealing force are considered in the ANE model. The basic form of minimum sealing force equations is established, and the remaining unknown coefficients of the equations are obtained by the finite element method (FEM). The accuracy of the equation is evaluated by comparing the independent FEM data to the equation data. Results of the comparison show good agreement, and the difference between the independent FEM data and equation data is within 3% when the environmental pressure is 0–118 MPa. Finally, the minimum sealing force equation is applied in a balance valve to be experimented using a deep-sea simulation device. The balance valve designed through the minimum sealing force equation is leak-free in the experiment. Thus, the minimum sealing force equation is suitable for the ultrahigh pressure balance valve and has guiding significance for evaluating the sealing performance of ultrahigh pressure balance valves.

关键词: seawater balance valve     sealing performance     hybrid ANE model     FEM     minimum sealing force equation    

Compressive behavior and microstructure of concrete mixed with natural seawater and sea sand

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1347-1357 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0780-2

摘要: Noncorrosive reinforcement materials facilitate producing structural concrete with seawater and sea sand. This study investigated the properties of seawater and sea sand concrete (SSC), considering the curing age (3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, and 150 d) and strength grade (C30, C40, and C60). The compressive behavior of SSC was obtained by compressive tests and digital image correction (DIC) technique. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods were applied to understand the microstructure and hydration products of cement in SSC. Results revealed a 30% decrease in compressive strength for C30 and C40 SSC from 60 to 150 d, and a less than 5% decrease for C60 from 28 to 150 d. DIC results revealed significant cracking and crushing from 80% to 100% of compressive strength. SEM images showed a more compact microstructure in higher strength SSC. XRD patterns identified Friedel’s salt phase due to the chlorides brought by seawater and sea sand. The findings in this study can provide more insights into the microstructure of SSC along with its short- and long-term compressive behavior.

关键词: seawater and sea sand concrete     compressive strength     strain field     microstructure     hydration products    

Effect of seawater salinity on the synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash

Yanqing YU, Xiaoliang LI, Xiaolan ZOU, Xiaobin ZHU

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 54-61 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0493-4

摘要: A novel method for the synthesis of zeolite was developed in this paper. The synthesis was carried out by hydrothermal activation after alkali fusion and coal fly ash (CFA) was used as raw material with seawater of different salinities. Seawater salinity was varied from 32 to 88 for zeolite crystallization during the hydrothermal process. The results show that seawater salinity plays an important role in zeolite synthesis with CFA during hydrothermal treatment. The products were a mixture of NaX zeolite and hydroxysodalite; seawater salinity more strongly affected the crystallization than the type and chemical composition of the zeolites. The yield of CFA transformed into zeolite gradually rose with the increase in salinity, reaching a transformation rate of 48%–62% as the salinity increased from 32 to 88, respectively. The proposed method allows for the efficient disposal of by-products; therefore, the application of seawater in zeolite synthesis presents promising economic and ecological benefits.

关键词: coal fly ash (CFA)     seawater salinity     zeolite synthesis    

A “Seawater-in-Sludge” approach for capacitive biochar production via the alkaline and alkaline earth

Xiling Li, Tianwei Hao, Yuxin Tang, Guanghao Chen

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1295-0

摘要: Abstract • Capacitive biochar was produced from sewage sludge. • Seawater was proved to be an alternative activation agent. • Minerals vaporization increased the surface area of biochar. • Molten salts acted as natural templates for the development of porous structure. Sewage sludge is a potential precursor for biochar production, but its effective utilization involves costly activation steps. To modify biochar properties while ensuring cost-effectiveness, we examined the feasibility of using seawater as an agent to activate biochar produced from sewage sludge. In our proof-of-concept study, seawater was proven to be an effective activation agent for biochar production, achieving a surface area of 480.3 m2/g with hierarchical porosity distribution. Benefited from our design, the catalytic effect of seawater increased not only the surface area but also the graphitization degree of biochar when comparing the pyrolysis of sewage sludge without seawater. This leads to seawater activated biochar electrodes with lower resistance, higher capacitance of 113.9 F/g comparing with control groups without seawater. Leveraging the global increase in the salinity of groundwater, especially in coastal areas, these findings provide an opportunity for recovering a valuable carbon resource from sludge.

关键词: Sewage sludge     Biochar     Seawater     Recourse recovery     Capacitor    

An overview and recent advances in electrocatalysts for direct seawater splitting

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1408-1426 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2102-6

摘要: In comparison to pure water, seawater is widely accepted as an unlimited resource. The direct seawater splitting is economical and eco-friendly, but the key challenges in seawater, especially the chlorine-related competing reactions at the anode, seriously hamper its practical application. The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts toward direct seawater splitting has emerged as a promising strategy. Highly efficient electrocatalysts with improved selectivity and stability are of significance in preventing the interference of side reactions and resisting various impurities. This review first discusses the macroscopic understanding of direct seawater electrolysis and then focuses on the strategies for rational design of electrocatalysts toward direct seawater splitting. The perspectives of improved electrocatalysts to solve emerging challenges and further development of direct seawater splitting are also provided.

关键词: seawater splitting     electrocatalysts     oxygen evolution reaction     hydrogen evolution reaction     chlorine chemistry    

strong>x nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient overall alkaline seawater

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1698-1706 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2334-8

摘要: The electrocatalyst NiFeRuOx/NF, comprised of NiFeRuOx nanosheets grown on Ni foam, was synthesized using a hydrothermal process followed by thermal annealing. NiFeRuOx/NF displays high electrocatalytic activity and stability for overall alkaline seawater splitting: 98 mV@ 10 mA∙cm−2 in hydrogen evolution reaction, 318 mV@ 50 mA∙cm−2 in oxygen evolution reaction, and a cell voltage of 1.53 V@ 10 mA∙cm−2, as well as 20 h of durability. A solar-driven system containing such a bifunctional NiFeRuOx/NF has an almost 100% Faradaic efficiency. The NiFeRuOx coating around Ni foam is an anti-corrosion layer and also a critical factor for enhancement of bifunctional performances.

关键词: NiFeRuOx nanosheets     Ni foam     electrocatalysis     overall seawater splitting     solar-driven system    

Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

《能源前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 335-342 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0365-7

摘要: Based on energy conservation equation and Darcy’s law, a model of beach well infiltration intake system applied in a seawater source heat pump system was established. The model consists of the seawater seepage and the heat transfer process. A porous medium model in a software named FLUENT was applied to simulate the seepage and the heat transfer process. This model was also validated by field experiment conducted on the seashore in Tianjin, China. The maximum relative error between simulation results and experimental results was 2.1% (less than 5%), which was acceptable in engineering application. The porosity and coefficient of thermal conductivity of the aquifer soil were determined to be 0.49 W/(m·K) and 1.46 W/(m·K), respectively in the simulation. In addition, the influencing factors of pumping water of beach well were also analyzed. The pumping water was found to increase when the distance between the beach well and the impervious boundary becomes longer, when the distance between the beach well and the supplying water source shortens, when the diameter of the beach well enlarges, and the drawdown enlarges.

关键词: water pumping analysis     experimental validation     infiltration intake system     seawater source heat pump    

海水淡化技术与太阳能利用

张耀明,邹宁宇

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第11期   页码 37-41

摘要:

海水淡化是解决水源危机的根本措施,但海水淡化绝不能以牺牲能源为代价;现有的几种海水淡化技术各有优劣,应配套使用;河海大学和南京玻纤院等研制的太阳能加热装置,可以作为海水淡化装置中清洁、无污染的能源。

关键词: 海水淡化     太阳能     定日镜     能源     水源    

Surface modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with 4-triethoxysilylaniline to enhance seawater

Jian Wang, Qun Wang, Xueli Gao, Xinxia Tian, Yangyang Wei, Zhen Cao, Chungang Guo, Huifeng Zhang, Zhun Ma, Yushan Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1185-5

摘要: Mesoporous silica nanoparticle was modified with 4-triethoxysilylaniline. AMSN-based TFN-RO membranes were prepared for seawater desalination. Water transport capability of the AMSN was limited by polyamide. Polyamide still plays a key role in permeability of the TFN RO membranes. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), with higher water permeability than NaA zeolite, were used to fabricate thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. However, only aminoalkyl-modified MSN and low-pressure (less than 2.1 MPa) RO membrane were investigated. In this study, aminophenyl-modified MSN (AMSN) were synthesized and used to fabricate high-pressure (5.52 MPa) RO membranes. With the increasing of AMSN dosage, the crosslinking degree of the aromatic polyamide decreased, while the hydrophilicity of the membranes increased. The membrane morphology was maintained to show a ridge-and-valley structure, with only a slight increase in membrane surface roughness. At the optimum conditions (AMSN dosage of 0.25 g/L), when compared with the pure polyamide RO membrane, the water flux of the TFN RO membrane (55.67 L/m2/h) was increased by about 21.6%, while NaCl rejection (98.97%) was slightly decreased by only 0.29%. However, the water flux of the membranes was much lower than expected. We considered that the enhancement of RO membrane permeability is attributed to the reduction of the effective thickness of the PA layer.

关键词: Thin film nanocomposite membrane     Reverse osmosis     Seawater desalination     Aminophenyl-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles    

Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis as an alternative to 2nd pass seawater reverse osmosis: Estimation of

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1428-0

摘要:

• The boron concentration in diluted DS can satisfy the irrigation water standard.

关键词: Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO)     Boron removal     Specific energy consumption (SEC)     Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)     Irrigation water production    

引海水冲刷河口治理黄河下游

林秉南,周建军,张仁

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第4期   页码 25-33

摘要:

提出引海水5000~1 500m3/s在利津注入黄河冲刷河口。冲刷后,在利津将产生3.3~7.9m的水面跌差,可制止黄河河口延伸的溯源淤积作用上延,并诱发其上游产生溯源冲刷。估计可使艾山以下河道得到冲深。因挟沙海水的密度大于渤海环境水体的密度,咸浑水进入渤海时可形成异重流,将泥沙输去远方;而且断流期间河口还可能蚀退;因此引海水流量足够时,可使河口不外延或外延缓慢。从长远看,河口侵蚀基准面得到降低后,可以使黄河下游的淤积面均得到降低。这对缓解黄河下游河道持续淤高的局面和减少河口改道的风险都是有利的。

黄河下游额定冲沙水占黄河水资源总量很大比例,大量抽取淡水会增加下游的淤积。引海水冲刷河口,可 以增加河口地区从黄河抽取淡水的数量。这样抽取的淡水是冲沙水的一部分,不受用水分配额度的限制,对河 口地区的发展具有重要意义。引海水冲刷口门段,可向渤海注入大量咸浑水、有利于改进渤海的环境生态条件。 当然,引海水冲刷时须解决河道和引海水渠道的咸水外渗问题。

关键词: 引海水冲刷     黄河下游     悬河     水资源利用    

Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1616-1

摘要:

● Present a general concept called “salinity exchange”.

关键词: Desalination     Potable water reuse     Ion-exchange membrane     Salinity gradient energy     Wastewater discharge    

The world’s first offshore wind power non-desalination of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production

《能源前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 317-319 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0888-2

摘要: The world’s first offshore wind power non-desalination of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production successfully tested in Fujian, China

关键词: China     wind power non    

Damage-constitutive model for seawater coral concrete using different stirrup confinements subjected

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 429-447 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0913-2

摘要: Recently, the application of detrital coral as an alternative to natural aggregates in marine structures has attracted increased attention. In this study, research on the compressive performance of coral aggregate concrete (CAC) confined using steel stirrups with anti-rust treatment was experimentally conducted. A total of 45 specimens were cast, including 9 specimens without stirrups and under different strength grades (C20, C30, and C40) and 36 specimens under different strength grades (C20, C30, and C40). Moreover, three stirrup levels (rectangular, diamond-shaped compound, and spiral stirrups) and different stirrup spacings (40, 50, 60, and 70 mm) were used. Subsequently, the stress−strain curves of specimens subjected to axial loading were measured. The effects of the stirrup spacing and stirrup configurations on the stress and strain were investigated, respectively, and the lateral effective stress of the different stirrups was calculated based on the cohesive-elastic ring model and modified elastic beam theory. Moreover, a damage-constitutive model of CAC considering the lateral stress was set up based on damage mechanics theory. The results indicated an increase in the stress and strain with a decrease in the stirrup spacing, and the adopted stirrup ratio had a better strengthening effect than the different concrete grades, and the variation in the deformation was restricted by the performance of coral coarse aggregate (CA). However, an increment in the lateral strain was observed with an increase in the axial strain. The lateral stress model showed a good agreement with the experimental data, and the proposed damage-constitutive model had a good correlation with the measured stress−strain curves.

关键词: coral aggregate concrete     stress−strain curves     lateral effective stress     peak stress     axial−lateral curves     damage-constitutive model.    

基于海洋能的海水资源综合利用研究

李伟,杨易嘉,顾亚京,刘宏伟,林勇刚,张南强

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第6期   页码 33-38 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.06.006

摘要:

本文将海洋能发电技术、海水淡化技术与浓盐海水电解制氢技术相结合,提出了一种综合利用海洋能源和海水资源的新模式。海洋能发电设备能为海岛和海上设施提供电能,在通过海水制淡有效解决海岛或海上设施供水问题的同时也会产生副产品浓盐水——目前均作为废弃物回放大海,不仅成为一种污染源,也造成海水浓盐水中富含的氢、氯、钠等化工资源的浪费。因此本文进一步研究海洋能电解浓盐水制氢、制碱技术,在实现海能海用、海水资源化利用的同时,也为建设海洋补氢站提供了可能。

关键词: 潮流能     海洋化学能     海水综合利用     制氢     制碱    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Nonlinear sealing force of a seawater balance valve used in an 11000-meter manned submersible

期刊论文

Compressive behavior and microstructure of concrete mixed with natural seawater and sea sand

期刊论文

Effect of seawater salinity on the synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash

Yanqing YU, Xiaoliang LI, Xiaolan ZOU, Xiaobin ZHU

期刊论文

A “Seawater-in-Sludge” approach for capacitive biochar production via the alkaline and alkaline earth

Xiling Li, Tianwei Hao, Yuxin Tang, Guanghao Chen

期刊论文

An overview and recent advances in electrocatalysts for direct seawater splitting

期刊论文

strong>x nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient overall alkaline seawater

期刊论文

Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

期刊论文

海水淡化技术与太阳能利用

张耀明,邹宁宇

期刊论文

Surface modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with 4-triethoxysilylaniline to enhance seawater

Jian Wang, Qun Wang, Xueli Gao, Xinxia Tian, Yangyang Wei, Zhen Cao, Chungang Guo, Huifeng Zhang, Zhun Ma, Yushan Zhang

期刊论文

Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis as an alternative to 2nd pass seawater reverse osmosis: Estimation of

期刊论文

引海水冲刷河口治理黄河下游

林秉南,周建军,张仁

期刊论文

Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for

期刊论文

The world’s first offshore wind power non-desalination of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production

期刊论文

Damage-constitutive model for seawater coral concrete using different stirrup confinements subjected

期刊论文

基于海洋能的海水资源综合利用研究

李伟,杨易嘉,顾亚京,刘宏伟,林勇刚,张南强

期刊论文