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Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep

Song-Song XU, Meng-Hua LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 279-288 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017151

摘要： Sheep are one of the most economically important domesticated animals for human society. However, genetic improvements for the key traits associated with meat, growth, milk, wool, reproduction, horns and tails progress slowly using conventional crossbreeding methods. With the development and utilization of high-throughput screening technologies over the last decade, a list of functional genes and genetic variants associated with these traits has been identified. This review covers recent genome-wide studies on sheep productive traits using high-throughput screening technologies, including those based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants at the whole-genome level (e.g., genome-wide association studies), transcriptome and DNA methylation sequences. Additionally, comprehensive information on functional genes and genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep is provided.

关键词： sheep high-throughput screening productive traits genome-wide studies

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Impact of introducing a herb pasture area into a New Zealand sheep and beef hill country farm system:

Cécile DURANTON, Cory MATTHEW

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 87-97 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018202

摘要： New Zealand is well known for export of meat and dairy products from low cost pastoral systems. These farm systems are continually evolving for increased efficiency, in part through the use of metabolic energy modeling tools by farmers and farm consultants to explore alternative farm system configurations and identify new efficiencies. One recent innovation is the introduction of a herb pasture area, such as plantain. We used metabolic energy modeling to quantify seasonal feed flows in two successive years in a New Zealand hill country farm system, and to analyze the impact of the introduction of an area of plantain. Models employed were a self-built Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and a commercial New Zealand farm systems modeling package, FARMAX. Herbage production, animal performance and financial results for a base farm scenario created from the average of survey data for hill farms in the southern North Island, and the same farm with 10% and 20% of the area in plantain for the years 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 were modeled. The self-built model performed similarly to the commercial model. The system configuration of the base farm stockpiles surplus autumn feed for release to animals in winter and also incorporates flexibility that confers resilience to interannual weather variation through varying dates animals are purchased or sold. The introduction of an area of plantain was predicted to increase herbage production, animal performance and financial returns. The predicted benefit was higher for the year 2010–2011 where a drought occurred in summer than for the following year with higher summer rainfall. This demonstrates the profitability of introducing a plantain area to New Zealand hill farm systems, and suggests plantain will assist to mitigate adverse effects of warmer and drier summer conditions associated with current climate change trends.

关键词： farm system configuration herb pasture metabolic energy budgeting plantain sheep and beef farming

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The ecological adaptability of cloned sheep to free-grazing in the Tengger Desert of Inner Mongolia,

Xinxin LI,Huijuan WANG,Guanghua SU,Zhuying WEI,Chunling BAI,Wuni-MENGHE,Yanhui HOU,Changqing YU,Shorgan BOU,Guangpeng LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 191-200 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014029

摘要： Since the birth of the first cloned sheep, somatic cell nuclear transfer technology has been successfully used to clone a variety of mammals. Cloned livestock have no apparent health risks, and the quality and safety of the cloned animal products are similar to non-cloned animals. The social behavior and environmental adaptability of postnatal cloned animals, especially when used for grassland farm production purposes, is unknown. In the present study, the cloned Dorper sheep equipped with GPS location devices were free-grazed in a harsh natural environment similar to conditions commonly experienced by Mongolian sheep. The main findings of this research were as follows. (1) Under free-grazing conditions, the cloned sheep showed excellent climatic and ecological adaptability. In extreme temperature conditions ranging from -30 to 40°C, the cloned sheep maintained acceptable body condition and behaved as other sheep. (2) The cloned sheep quickly adapted from a herd feeding strategy to the harsh environment and quickly exhibited a grazing regimen as other free-grazing sheep. (3) The cloned sheep exhibited free-grazing patterns and social behavior as other sheep. (4) The cloned sheep in the harsh environment thrived and produced healthy lambs. Overall, the cloned Dorper sheep exhibited excellent ecological adaptation, which is an important consideration for breeding meat sheep by cloning. The Dorper sheep readily adapted to the free-grazing conditions on the Mongolian plateau grassland, which attests to their ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions.

关键词： somatic cell nuclear transfer free-grazing synchronization Dorper sheep cloned animal ecology

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生物技术在养羊业科学研究中的应用

刘守仁

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第7期页码 37-41

摘要：

介绍了冷冻精液、胚胎移植、胚胎冷冻、胚胎分割、体外受精、核移植克隆、基因导入等技术。这些技术的应用使养羊业育种和生产水平大为提高，产生了显著的经济效益。同时，为养羊业科研和生产开辟了新的途径。

关键词：生物技术养羊业

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无角陶赛特品种绵羊种质特性及其应用的研究

赵有璋,李发弟,张子军,蔡原,孙照刚,杨富民,王旭刚,张德荣

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第5期页码 88-96

摘要：

2000年初引入新西兰无角陶赛特品种绵羊41只，投放在河西走廊的甘肃永昌肉用种羊场，采用舍饲为主、放牧为辅的饲养管理条件，通过对引入羊只的行为表现、生理生化指标、生长发育、繁殖性能、血液蛋白多态位点基因频率及基因型频率、抗病性等进行系统观测，引入的无角陶赛特品种绵羊适应性好，并具有良好的种质特性。至2008年，在永昌县用无角陶赛特品种绵羊杂交改良获得的1～3代杂种羊超过20万只，在甘肃、宁夏、青海、河南等推广区，杂交改良当地羊获得各代杂种羊130余万只，其成为目前正在培育的甘肃现代肉羊新品种的主要父系之一，取得了显著的经济效益。

关键词：无角陶赛特绵羊种质特性应用

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Livestock breeding for the 21st century: the promise of the editing revolution

Chris PROUDFOOT, Gus MCFARLANE, Bruce WHITELAW, Simon LILLICO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 129-135 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019304

摘要：

In recent years there has been a veritable explosion in the use of genome editors to create site-specific changes, both and , to the genomes of a multitude of species for both basic research and biotechnology. Livestock, which form a vital component of most societies, are no exception. While selective breeding has been hugely successful at enhancing some production traits, the rate of progress is often slow and is limited to variants that exist within the breeding population. Genome editing provides the potential to move traits between breeds, in a single generation, with no impact on existing productivity or to develop phenotypes that tackle intractable issues such as disease. As such, genome editors provide huge potential for ongoing livestock development programs in light of increased demand and disease challenge. This review will highlight some of the more notable agricultural applications of this technology in livestock.

关键词： cattle pig sheep chicken aquaculture CRISPR

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One-step generation of myostatin gene knockout sheep via the CRISPR/Cas9 system

Hongbing HAN,Yonghe MA,Tao WANG,Ling LIAN,Xiuzhi TIAN,Rui HU,Shoulong DENG,Kongpan LI,Feng WANG,Ning LI,Guoshi LIU,Yaofeng ZHAO,Zhengxing LIAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 2-5 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014007

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Progress on major genes for high fecundity in ewes

Qiuyue LIU,Zhangyuan PAN,Xiangyu WANG,Wenping HU,Ran DI,Yaxing YAO,Mingxing CHU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 282-290 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014042

摘要： The existence of major genes affecting fecundity in sheep flocks throughout the world has been demonstrated. Three major genes whose mutations can increase ovulation rate have been discovered, and all related to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. The mutant of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR1B) has an additive effect on ovulation rate. Six mutations ( , , , , , ) of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) related with fertility have been identified that share the same mechanism. All the mutants can increase ovulation rate in heterozygotes and cause complete sterility in homozygotes. Homozygous ewes with two new mutations ( ) of BMP15 had increased ovulation rate without causing sterility. There are five mutations in growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) associated with sheep prolificacy where and have additive an effect on ovulation rate and litter size. The newly identified β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 ( ) gene of is proposed as a new mechanism of ovulation rate regulation in sheep. is an X-linked maternally imprinted gene which increases ovulation rate. In addition, several putative major genes need to be verified. This review is focused on the identification of the mutations and mechanisms whereby the major genes affecting ovulation rate.

关键词： major gene ovulation rate sheep reproduction