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Facile discovery of red blood cell deformation and compromised membrane/skeleton assembly in Prader–Willi

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 946-956 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0962-x

摘要： Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare congenital disease with genetic alterations in chromosome 15. Although genetic disorders and DNA methylation abnormalities involved in PWS have been investigated to a significant degree, other anomalies such as those in erythrocytes may occur and these have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we uncovered slight anemia in children with PWS that was associated with increased red blood cell (RBC) distribution width (RDW) and contrarily reduced hematocrit (HCT) values. Intriguingly, the increased ratio in RDW to HCT allowed sufficient differentiation between the PWS patients from the healthy controls and, importantly, with individuals exhibiting conventional obesity. Further morphologic examinations revealed a significant deformity in erythrocytes and mild hemolysis in PWS patients. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations unveiled compromised membrane skeletal assembly and membrane lipid composition, and revealed a reduced F-actin/G-actin ratio in PWS patients. We ascribed these phenotypic changes in erythrocytes to the observed genetic defects, including DNA methylation abnormalities. Our collective data allowed us to uncover RBC deformation in children with PWS, and this may constitute an auxiliary indicator of PWS in early childhood.

关键词： Prader–Willi syndrome early diagnosis erythrocyte deformation membrane skeleton membrane lipid

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Thermally developing forced convection and the corresponding thermal stresses in a porous plate channel

YANG Xiao, LIU Xuemei

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第1期页码 57-61 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0009-7

摘要： Based on the Darcy fluid model, by considering the effects of viscous dissipation due to the interaction between solid skeleton and pore fluid flow and thermal conduction in the direction of the fluid flow, the thermally developing forced convection of the local thermal equilibrium and the corresponding thermal stresses in a semi-infinite saturated porous plate channel are investigated in this paper. The expressions of temperature, local Nusselt number and corresponding thermal stresses are obtained by means of the Fourier series, and the distributions of the same are also shown. Furthermore, influences of the P晱let number () and Brinkman number () on temperature, Nusselt number () and thermal stress are revealed numerically.

关键词： semi-infinite saturated direction interaction skeleton thermal equilibrium

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conversion of NHHCO electrolyte to syngas on Ag/Zn zeolitic imidazolate framework derived nitrogen-carbon skeleton

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期页码 1196-1207 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2289-1

摘要： The electrochemical reduction of NH₄HCO₃ to syngas can bypass the high energy consumption of high-purity CO₂ release and compression after the ammonia-based CO₂ capture process. This technology has broad prospects in industrial applications and carbon neutrality. A zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 precursor was introduced with different Ag contents via colloid chemical synthesis. This material was carbonized at 1000 °C to obtain AgZn zeolitic imidazolate framework derived nitrogen carbon catalysts, which were used for the first time for boosting the direct conversion of NH₄HCO₃ electrolyte to syngas. The AgZn zeolitic imidazolate framework derived nitrogen carbon catalyst with a Ag/Zn ratio of 0.5:1 achieved the highest CO Faradaic efficiency of 52.0% with a current density of 1.15 mA·cm^–2 at –0.5 V, a H₂/CO ratio of 1–2 (–0.5 to –0.7 V), and a stable catalytic activity of more than 6 h. Its activity is comparable to that of the CO₂-saturated NH₄HCO₃ electrolyte. The highly discrete Ag-N_x and Zn-N_x nodes may have combined catalytic effects in the catalysts synthesized by appropriate Ag doping and sufficient carbonization. These nodes could increase active sites of catalysts, which is conducive to the transport and adsorption of reactant CO₂ and the stability of *COOH intermediate, thus can improve the selectivity and catalytic activity of CO.

关键词： Ag catalyst zeolitic imidazolate framework CO₂ electroreduction ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte syngas

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Dynamic analyses of steel-reinforced super high-strength concrete columns

JIA Jinqing, JIANG Rui, XU Shilang, HOU Tong

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 240-246 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0030-2

摘要： The dynamic behaviors of steel-reinforced super high-strength concrete columns under seismic loading were studied with a series of experiments. Thirteen specimens, with concrete strengths ranging from 94.9 to 105.4 MPa and shear-span ratios of 2.75, were manufactured. The axial load ratio and the stirrup reinforcement ratio were the main experimental variables affecting the dynamic behavior of the specimens. The columns under low cyclic lateral loading mainly failed in the flexural-shear mode. Shear force-displacement hysteretic curves and skeleton curves were drawn. The coefficients of the specimens displacement ductility were calculated. Experimental results indicate that ductility decreases while the axial load ratio increases, but it increases when the stirrup reinforcement ratio increases. The limit values of the axial load ratio and the minimum stirrup reinforcement ratio of the columns were investigated to satisfy definite ductility requirements. These values were suggested as references of engineering applications and of the amendment of the current Chinese design code of steel reinforced concrete composite structures.

关键词： amendment flexural-shear force-displacement hysteretic definite ductility skeleton