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Simulate oil spill weathering with system dynamic model

Aihaiti KASIMU, Junran DONG, Yuan BIAN, Desheng WU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 696-696 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0060-1

摘要： Numerous oil spill fate and trajectory models have been recently developed to predict oil spill weathering processes. However, these models separately predicted the fate of spilled oil and the change in oil properties. A system dynamic model is thus developed based on the most significant oil weathering processes, which include spreading, evaporation, dispersion into the water bulk, emulsification, and changes in viscosity and density. We employ differential equations to describe these main oil weathering processes, which vary and have different effects on each other. Oil density and viscosity are functions of evaporation and emulsification and change over time. Oil evaporation is the most important process and removes most of the spilled oil from sea surface. Considering the main oil weathering processes, our model provides a different method of predicting the fate of oil and changes in oil properties. The Alaska North Slope is selected as a case study, and the estimated fractions of evaporation are 19% and 16% at 273 K and 283 K, respectively, within 240 h. Simulation results of oil properties and fates are also presented in this study.

关键词： oil spill weathering modeling system dynamics

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Retraction Note to: Simulate oil spill weathering with system dynamic model

Aihaiti Kasimu, Junran Dong, Yuan Bian, Desheng WU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 695-695 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0120-6

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Sponge-based materials for oil spill cleanups: A review

Edward Mohamed Hadji, Bo Fu, Ayob Abebe, Hafiz Muhammad Bilal, Jingtao Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 749-762 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1890-4

摘要： Elimination of leaked oil from aquatic environs has recently gained importance owing to the disasters associated with leakages into marine environments. The need for an environmentally friendly and viable line of action concerning the environs has brought forward numerous affordable, non-toxic, and decomposable materials; further, diverse biomasses for fabricating nano- to micro-scale materials, membranes, and sponges/aerogels have also been incorporated for the elimination and retrieval of oils from water. Moreover, selectivity, sorption capacity, and reusability of these materials after the retrieval of oils are also desired from the viewpoint of sustainability. This review encompasses the recent progress in the field of elimination and retrieval of oil spills using various sponge-based materials.

关键词： membranes sponges reusability sorbents selectivity sorption capacity

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Inverse uncertainty characteristics of pollution source identification for river chemical spill incidents

Jiping Jiang, Feng Han, Yi Zheng, Nannan Wang, Yixing Yuan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1081-4

摘要：

Uncertainty rules of pollution source inversion are revealed by stochastic analysis

A release load is most easily inversed and source locations own largest uncertainty

Instantaneous spill assumption has much less uncertainty than continuous spill

The estimated release locations and times negatively deviate from real values

The new findings improve monitoring network design and emergency response to spills

关键词： River chemical spills Emergency response Pollution source inversion Inverse uncertainty analysis Regional Sensitivity Analysis method (RSA) Monte Carlo analysis toolbox (MCAT)

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TiO@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1365-3

摘要：

• A novel and multi-functional clay-based oil spill remediation system was constructed.

关键词： Palygorskite TiO₂ Pickering emulsion Oil spill Dispersion Photodegradation

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Mercury source zone identification using soil vapor sampling and analysis

David WATSON,Carrie MILLER,Brian LESTER,Kenneth LOWE,George SOUTHWORTH,Mary Anna BOGLE,Liyuan LIANG,Eric PIERCE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 596-604 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0709-2

摘要： Development and demonstration of reliable measurement techniques that can detect and help quantify the nature and extent of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in the subsurface are needed to reduce uncertainties in the decision-making process and increase the effectiveness of remedial actions. We conducted field tests at the Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, to determine if sampling and analysis of Hg(0) vapors in the shallow subsurface (<0.3 m depth) can be used to as an indicator of the location and extent of Hg(0) releases in the subsurface. We constructed a rigid polyvinyl chloride push probe assembly, which was driven into the ground. Soil gas samples were collected through a sealed inner tube of the assembly and were analyzed immediately in the field with a Lumex and/or Jerome Hg(0) analyzer. Time-series sampling showed that Hg vapor concentrations were fairly stable over time, suggesting that the vapor phase Hg(0) was not being depleted and that sampling results were not sensitive to the soil gas purge volume. Hg(0) vapor data collected at over 200 push probe locations at 3 different release sites correlated very well to areas of known Hg(0) contamination. Vertical profiling of Hg(0) vapor concentrations conducted at two locations provided information on the vertical distribution of Hg(0) contamination in the subsurface. We conclude from our studies that soil gas sampling and analysis can be conducted rapidly and inexpensively at large scales to help identify areas contaminated with Hg(0).

关键词： push probe spill characterization mapping gas

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Applying chemical sedimentation process in drinking water treatment plant to address the emergent arsenic spills in water sources

Pengfei LIN,Xiaojian ZHANG,Hongwei YANG,Yong LI,Chao CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 50-57 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0733-2

摘要： Arsenic (As) spills occurred more frequently and sometimes polluted water sources in recent years in China. It is as urgent need to develop emergency treatment technologies to address the arsenic threat for large-scale water treatment plants. In response, we developed a chemical sedimentation technology to remove arsenic contaminants for water treatment plants. Bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of arsenic removal and the influencing factors of the chemical sedimentation treatment process. The influencing factors included the choice and dosage of coagulants, the valence of arsenic and pH value of solution. The As(V) contaminants can be almost completely removed by ferric or alum coagulants. The As(III) contaminants are more recalcitrant to chemical sedimentation, 75% for ferric coagulant and 40% for alum coagulant. The quantitative results of arsenic removal load by different ferric or alum coagulants were presented to help determine the parameters for arsenic treatment technology. The dominant mechanism for arsenic removal is static combination, or adsorption of negative arsenic species onto positive ferric hydroxide or alum hydroxide flocs. The efficiency of this treatment technology has also been demonstrated by a real production test in one water treatment plant with arsenic-rich source water and one emergency response. This technology was verified to be quick to set-up, easy to operate and highly efficient even for high concentration of arsenic.

关键词： Arsenic spill chemical sedimentation coagulation drinking water emergency treatment