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Pesticides in stormwater runoff−A mini review

Cheng Chen, Wenshan Guo, Huu Hao Ngo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1150-3

摘要： • The sources and pathways of pesticides into stormwater runoff were diverse. • Factors affecting pesticides in stormwater runoff were critically reviewed. • Pesticides mitigation strategies were included in this review. • The current knowledge gap of the pesticides in stormwater runoff was identified. Recently, scientific interest has grown in harvesting and treating stormwater for potable water use, in order to combat the serious global water scarcity issue. In this context, pesticides have been identified as the key knowledge gap as far as reusing stormwater is concerned. This paper reviewed the presence of pesticides in stormwater runoff in both rural and urban areas. Specifically, the sources of pesticide contamination and possible pathways were investigated in this review. Influential factors affecting pesticides in stormwater runoff were critically identified as: 1) characteristics of precipitation, 2) properties of pesticide, 3) patterns of pesticides use, and 4) properties of application surface. The available pesticide mitigation strategies including best management practice (BMP), low impact development (LID), green infrastructure (GI) and sponge city (SC) were also included in this paper. In the future, large-scale multi-catchment studies that directly evaluate pesticide concentrations in both urban and rural stormwater runoff will be of great importance for the development of effective pesticides treatment approaches and stormwater harvesting strategies.

关键词： Pesticide Stormwater runoff Occurrence Urban runoff

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Low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater pollution control

Yang Deng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1262-9

摘要： Abstract • Various low-cost adsorbents are studied for capturing urban stormwater pollutants. • Adsorbents are selected based on both pollutant adsorption and unexpected leaching. • Application modes of adsorbents influence their utilization efficacy in practice. Stormwater represents a major non-point pollution source at an urban environment. To improve the treatment efficacy of stormwater infrastructure, low-cost adsorbents have increasingly gained attention over the past decades. This article aims to briefly discuss several key aspects and principles for utilization of low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater treatment. To determine whether a low-cost adsorbent is suitable for stormwater treatment, two aspects should be carefully assessed, including: 1) its adsorption mechanisms and behaviors that can influence the binding stre.g.,h, adsorption kinetics, and treatment capacity; and 2) unwanted chemical leaching patterns that can affect the extent of water quality degradation. Furthermore, the application mode of an adsorbent in the system design influences the utilization efficiency. Adsorbents, after dosed to soil media in infrastructure, would eventually become ineffective after oversaturation. In contrast, standalone filters or innovative composite adsorbents (e.g., adsorbent-coated mulch chips) can enable a long-lasting adsorption due to periodic replacement with fresh adsorbents. The aforementioned principles play a key role in the success of urban stormwater treatment with low-cost adsorbents.

关键词： Urban stormwater Runoff pollutants Low-cost adsorbents Adsorption Chemical leaching

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Dynamic design of green stormwater infrastructure

Robert G. Traver, Ali Ebrahimian

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0973-z

摘要： This paper compares ongoing research results on hydrologic performance to common design and crediting criteria, and recommends a change in direction from a static to a dynamic perspective to fully credit the performance of green infrastructure. Examples used in this article are primarily stormwater control measures built for research on the campus of Villanova University [ , ]. Evidence is presented demonstrating that the common practice of crediting water volume based on soil and surface storage underestimates the performance potential, and suggests that the profession move to a more dynamic approach that incorporates exfiltration and evapotransporation. The framework for a dynamic approach is discussed, with a view to broaden our design focus by including climate, configuration and the soil surroundings. The substance of this work was presented as a keynote speech at the 2016 international Low Impact Development Conference in Beijing China [ ].

关键词： Low Impact Development (LID) Stormwater control measures Green infrastructure Stormwater design

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Quantitative analysis of impact of green stormwater infrastructures on combined sewer overflow control

Jinsong Tao, Zijian Li, Xinlai Peng, Gaoxiang Ying

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0952-4

摘要： Stimulated by the recent USEPA’s green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) guidance and policies, GSI systems have been widely implemented in the municipal area to control the combined sewer overflows (CSOs), also known as low impact development (LID) approaches. To quantitatively evaluate the performance of GSI systems on CSO and urban flooding control, USEPA-Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) model was adopted in this study to simulate the behaviors of GSI systems in a well-developed urban drainage area, PSW45, under different circumstances. The impact of different percentages of stormwater runoff transported from impervious surfaces to the GSI systems on CSO and urban flooding control has also been investigated. Results show that with current buildup, GSI systems in PSW45 have the best performance for low intensity and short duration events on both volume and peak flow reductions, and have the worst performance for high intensity and long duration events. Since the low intensity and short duration events are dominant from a long-term perspective, utilizing GSI systems is considered as an effective measure of CSO control to meet the long-term control strategy for PSW45 watershed. However, GSI systems are not suitable for the flooding control purpose in PSW45 due to the high occurrence possibility of urban flooding during or after high intensity events where GSI systems have relatively poor performance no matter for a short or long duration event.

关键词： Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) Urban flooding Low impact development (LID) Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)

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Characteristics of pollutants behavior in a stormwater constructed wetland during dry days

Jianghua YU, Kisoo PARK, Youngchul KIM

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 649-657 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0426-7

摘要： A stormwater wetland treating non-point source pollution (NPS) from a 64 ha agricultural watershed was monitored over a period of five months. The results indicated that pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were increased in the wetland due to the algal growth. The highest total suspended solids (TSS) concentration was observed in the aeration pond due to the resuspension of solids, decreased in the wetland. The respective decreases in total nitrogen (TN) and total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) were 15.9% and 28.7% on passing through the wetland. The nitrate and ammonia were increased by 45.4% and decreased by 79.9%, respectively. These variations provided strong evidence for the existence of nitrification. The total phosphorus (TP) and phosphate had respective reductions of 52.3% and 58.2% over the wetland. The total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) were also decreased. Generally, the TN, TP and phosphate removal efficiencies were positive. These positive removal efficiencies were mainly due to microbial activities, uptake by plants, and chemical precipitation at high pH. Negative removal efficiencies can be caused by continuous rainfall activities, with short antecedent dry days (ADDs) and unstable hydraulic conditions, some other biogeochemical transformations and algal growth also being important parameters.

关键词： constructed stormwater wetland dry days nitrification and denitrification pollutants characteristic

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Treatability aspects of urban stormwater stressors

Anthony N. TAFURI, Richard FIELD

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 631-637 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0420-0

摘要： Pollution from diffuse sources (pollution from contaminants picked up and carried into surface waters by stormwater runoff) has been identified as a significant source of water quality problems in the U.S. scientists and engineers continue to seek solutions that will allow them to optimize existing technologies and develop new ones that will provide the best possible protection to people, wildlife, and the environment. This paper addresses the various pollutants or stressors in urban stormwater, including flow (shear force), pathogens, suspended solids/sediment, toxicants (organic and metals), nutrients, oxygen demanding substances, and coarse solids. A broad overview of the pollutants removed and the removal mechanisms by and of conventional best management practices (BMPs) is also presented. The principal treatment mechanisms of conventional wet ponds, vegetative swales/buffer strips, and wetlands are sedimentation and filtration. These mechanisms have the capability to remove significant amounts of suspended solids or particulate matter and are a vital component of strategies to reduce pollutant loads to receiving waters. In addition, because most of the nation’s receiving water violations are caused by pathogen indicator bacteria, it is of utmost importance that research efforts address this problem. Further research is also needed on the treatment of emerging contaminants in BMPs and on the costs and affects of maintenance and maintenance schedules on the long-term performance of BMPs.

关键词： stormwater wet weather flow urban runoff

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Abundance, spatial distribution, and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1724-y

摘要： Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape.

关键词： Microplastic Environmental transport Soil pollution Stormwater Detention ponds

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Managing airport stormwater containing deicers: challenges and opportunities

Xianming SHI,Stephen M. QUILTY,Thomas LONG,Anand JAYAKARAN,Laura FAY,Gang XU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 35-46 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0366-6

摘要： Stormwater runoff at airports is a significant and costly issue, especially for the stormwater laden with deicing contaminants of high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and aquatic toxicity. To reduce the loading of deicing constituents in stormwater and to manage the increasing pressure of tightening regulations, identifying fate and transport and evaluating environmental risks of deicing stormwater are of critical importance. In this review, the regulatory development of airport deicing stormwater management was first discussed, along with the milestone publication. The deicer usage and fugitive losses can be reduced and the amount of deicer collected can be increased by having a better understanding of the fate and transport of deicing constituents in stormwater. As such, an overview and evaluation of the constituents of concern in deicers were provided to support the assessment of environmental impacts and mitigation recommendations. The state of knowledge of airport deicing stormwater management was then reviewed, which needs to be synthesized into a national guidance document. A guidebook and a decision tool for airports were proposed to adopt specific practical stormwater management strategies while balancing their priorities in environmental, economic, and social values against operational constraints. These challenges pose great opportunities to improve the current practices of airport deicing stormwater management.

关键词： airport deicer stormwater guidebook decision tool

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A critical literature review of bioretention research for stormwater management in cold climate and future

Hannah Kratky, Zhan Li, Yijun Chen, Chengjin Wang, Xiangfei Li, Tong Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0982-y

摘要： Bioretention is a popular best management practice of low impact development that effectively restores urban hydrologic characteristics to those of predevelopment and improves water quality prior to conveyance to surface waters. This is achieved by utilizing an engineered system containing a surface layer of mulch, a thick soil media often amended with a variety of materials to improve water quality, a variety of vegetation, and underdrains, depending on the surrounding soil characteristics. Bioretention systems have been studied quite extensively for warm climate applications, but data strongly supporting their long-term efficacy and application in cold climates is sparse. Although it is apparent that bioretention is an effective stormwater management system, its design in cold climate needs further research. Existing cold climate research has shown that coarser media is required to prevent concrete frost from forming. For spring, summer and fall seasons, if sufficient permeability exists to drain the system prior to freezing, peak flow and volume reduction can be maintained. Additionally, contaminants that are removed via filtration are also not impacted by cold climates. In contrary, dissolved contaminants, nutrients, and organics are significantly more variable in their ability to be removed or degraded via bioretention in colder temperatures. Winter road maintenance salts have been shown to negatively impact the removal of some contaminants and positively impact others, while their effects on properly selected vegetation or bacteria health are also not very well understood. Research in these water quality aspects has been inconsistent and therefore requires further study.

关键词： Bioretention Cold climate Low impact development Stormwater

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Transferral of HMs pollution from road-deposited sediments to stormwater runoff during transport processes

Qian Wang, Qionghua Zhang, Mawuli Dzakpasu, Nini Chang, Xiaochang Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1091-x

摘要：

Ratio of turbidity and TSS (Tur/TSS) was used to characterize PSD of stormwater particles.

Pb and Zn preferred to accumulate in finer RDS, while Cu, Cr and Ni in coarser RDS.

HMs pollution in stormwater particles increased linearly with Tur/TSS.

Dissolvability of HMs and PSD variations contribute to the differences between RDS and stormwater.

关键词： Road-deposited sediment Stormwater runoff Heavy metal Particle size Pollution variation

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Low Impact Development and Sponge City Construction for Urban Stormwater Management

Haifeng Jia, Shaw L. Yu, Huapeng Qin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0989-4

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Temporal variation of heavy metal pollution in urban stormwater runoff

Wen LI, Zhenyao SHEN, Tian TIAN, Ruimin LIU, Jiali QIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 692-700 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0444-5

摘要： Stormwater runoff from three types of urban surfaces, a parking lot, a street, and a building roof, was monitored during four rainfall events that occurred in the one-year period from June 2009 to June 2010. The event mean concentrations (EMC) of dissolved copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) exceeded China’s National Water Quality Standards for Surface Water. The degree of heavy metal contamination was related to the type of underlying surfaces. Additionally, the concentration of dissolved heavy metals peaked shortly after the runoff began and then declined sharply as a result of adequate flushing. First flush effects of varying degrees were also observed during all of the monitored rainfall events based on the first flush ratio ( ). Redundancy analysis revealed that four environmental variables (rainfall depth, intensity, antecedent dry weather period and type of underlying surface) had significant effects on the strengths of the first flush effects, accounting for 72.9% of the variation in the . Dissolved metals presented varying first flush effects on different underlying surfaces that occurred in the following relative order: parking lot>roof>road for low intensity and high runoff volume rainfall events; parking lot>road>roof for high intensity and low runoff volume events. The relative strength of the first flush for dissolved heavy metals was Fe, Mn>Cu, Zn>Pb.

关键词： urban stormwater heavy metal pollution temporal variation event mean concentration first flush effect redundancy analysis

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Dynamic behavior of stormwater quality parameters in South Texas

Xubin PAN, Jingyi ZHANG, Wei-Ta FANG, Kim D. JONES

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第6期页码 825-830 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0465-0

摘要： To control water impairment in urban stormwater, it is important to evaluate changing patterns of water quality parameters in stormwater runoff. Thus, the authors performed a series of experiments to investigate the dynamics of common water parameters during storm events in semi-arid areas, with multiple samples collected and analyzed in field stormwater applications. At this field monitoring site within McAuliffe Park, McAllen, Texas, in the United States, a storm event increased the concentrations of ( ), but this event represented a decreasing trend over the entire event period. Besides, peak intensity of different pollutants in the stormwater runoff occurred at different times other than at any peak flows, representing a complexity of the temporal and spatial measurements. Multi-sample per-event approaches recommended based on the complexity of the hydrograph and different peak intensity times of pollutants. In addition, high bacteria and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in the initial stage of the storm event should be considered when designing Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Low Impact Developments (LIDs). New strategies and solutions for addressing ecohydrological challenges should be proposed to avoid collateral damages to their both common wealth in ecosystems and human well-beings.

关键词： event mean concentration first flush multi-sample per event ecohydrology

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BMP decision support system for evaluating stormwater management alternatives

Mow-Soung CHENG, Jenny X. ZHEN, Leslie SHOEMAKER,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 453-463 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0153-x

摘要： Prince George’s County, Maryland, in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area has developed a best management practice decision support system (BMPDSS) to support analysis and decision making for stormwater management planning and design at both the site scale and the watershed levels. This paper presents a detailed description of the BMPDSS. A case study that demonstrates the application of the system is also included. The case study involves a Green Highway project located in a highly urbanized area within the Anacostia River watershed of the county. Several best management practices (BMP) such as bioretention, filter vegetative swale, porous paving, and landscape infiltration are proposed for reducing highway runoff and improving water quality. The BMPDSS is used to identify and evaluate various alternatives to determine the most cost-effective types and combinations of BMPs that minimize the highway runoff pollution.

关键词： best management practices decision support system low impact development geographic information system optimization

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Stormwater treatment: examples of computational fluid dynamics modeling

Gaoxiang YING, John SANSALONE, Srikanth PATHAPATI, Giuseppina GAROFALO, Marco MAGLIONICO, Andrea BOLOGNESI, Alessandro ARTINA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 638-648 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0442-7

摘要： Control of rainfall-runoff particulate matter (PM) and PM-bound chemical loads is challenging; in part due to the wide gradation of PM complex geometries of many unit operations and variable flow rates. Such challenges and the expense associated with resolving such challenges have led to the relatively common examination of a spectrum of unit operations and processes. This study applies the principles of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict the particle and pollutant clarification behavior of these systems subject to dilute multiphase flows, typical of rainfall-runoff, within computationally reasonable limits, to a scientifically acceptable degree of accuracy. The Navier-Stokes (NS) system of nonlinear partial differential equations for multi-phase hydrodynamics and separation of entrained particles are solved numerically over the unit operation control volume with the boundary and initial conditions defined and then solved numerically until the desired convergence criteria are met. Flow rates examined are scaled based on sizing of common unit operations such as hydrodynamic separators (HS), wet basins, or filters, and are examined from 1 to 100 percent of the system maximum hydraulic operating flow rate. A standard turbulence model is used to resolve flow, and a discrete phase model (DPM) is utilized to examine the particle clarification response. CFD results closely follow physical model results across the entire range of flow rates. Post-processing the CFD predictions provides an in-depth insight into the mechanistic behavior of unit operations by means of three dimensional (3-D) hydraulic profiles and particle trajectories. Results demonstrate the role of scour in the rapid degradation of unit operations that are not maintained. Comparisons are provided between measured and CFD modeled results and a mass balance error is identified. CFD is arguably the most powerful tool available for our profession since continuous simulation modeling.

关键词： stormwater unit operations and processes (UOPs) hydrodynamic separation filtration adsorption computational fluid dynamics (CFD) turbulence modeling discrete phase model particle separation detention/retention basins clarification