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蒸汽压力和超疏水纳米复合涂层对微电子器件可靠性的影响 Article

樊学军,陈良彪,汪正平,Hsing-Wei Chu,张国旗

《工程(英文)》 2015年 第1卷 第3期   页码 384-390 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015034

摘要:

由于高蒸汽压力可能导致微电子器件在高温和高湿度环境中失效,蒸汽压力的描述和模拟对研究微电子器件的湿度可靠性至关重要。为了最大程度地减小湿度的影响,可以在器件外表面涂抹一层超疏水涂层,以防止水分渗入。但是,超疏水涂层提高微电子器件可靠性的具体机制目前仍没有完全被理解。本文首先介绍了微电子高分子材料蒸汽压力的现有的一些理论。笔者还根据实验结果论述了超疏水涂层在防止水蒸气进入器件方面的机制和有效性。本文重点讨论了两个理论模型:基于微观力学的全场蒸汽压力模型和对流扩散模型。这两种方法都已成功用于说明无涂层样本的实验结果。但是,当器件上涂有超疏水纳米复合涂层时,笔者仍发现器件质量增加,其原因很可能是水蒸气可以透过超疏水涂层渗入。这种现象导致人们对超疏水涂层的有效性产生怀疑。根据理论和实验结果,笔者认为需要提出一种新的理论来理解水蒸气如何渗透超疏水涂层。

关键词: 蒸汽压力     湿度     半导体可靠性     微机电系统(MEMS)     超疏水     纳米复合涂层    

A novel composite coating mesh film for oil-water separation

Futao QIN, Zhijia YU, Xinhui FANG, Xinghua LIU, Xiangyu SUN

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 112-118 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0149-x

摘要: Polytetrafluoroethylene-polyphenylene sulfide composite coating mesh film was successfully prepared by a simple layered transitional spray-plasticizing method on a stainless steel mesh. It shows super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic properties. The contact angle of this mesh film is 156.3° for water, and close to 0° for diesel oil and kerosene. The contact angle hysteresis of water on the mesh film is 4.3°. The adhesive force between the film and substrate is grade 0, the flexibility is 1 mm and the pencil hardness is 4H. An oil-water separation test was carried out for oil-contaminated water in a six-stage super-hydrophobic film separator. The oil removal rate can reach about 99%.

关键词: super-hydrophobic     super-oleophilic     composite coating     mesh film     separation of oil and water    

Effects of slip length and hydraulic diameter on hydraulic entrance length of microchannels with superhydrophobic surfaces

Wenchi GONG, Jun SHEN, Wei DAI, Zeng DENG, Xueqiang DONG, Maoqiong GONG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 127-138 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0661-8

摘要: This paper investigated effects of slip length and hydraulic diameter on the hydraulic entrance length of laminar flow in superhydrophobic microchannels. Numerical investigations were performed for square microchannels with Re ranging between 0.1 and 1000. It is found that superhydrophobic microchannels have a longer hydraulic entrance length than that of conventional ones by nearly 26.62% at a low Re. The dimensionless hydraulic entrance length slightly increases with the increasing slip length at approximately Re<10, and does not vary with the hydraulic diameter. A new correlation to predict the entrance length in square microchannels with different slip lengths was developed, which has a satisfying predictive performance with a mean absolute relative deviation of 5.69%. The results not only ascertain the flow characteristics of superhydrophobic microchannels, but also suggest that super hydrophobic microchannels have more significant advantages for heat transfer enhancement at a low Re.

关键词: laminar flow     hydraulic entrance length     super hydrophobic surface     slip length     hydraulic diameter    

Highly hydrophobic oil−water separation membrane: reutilization of waste reverse osmosis membrane

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1606-1615 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2200-0

摘要: The increasing applications of seawater desalination technology have led to the wide usage of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes, resulting in a large number of wasted reverse osmosis membranes. In this work, the base nonwoven layer of the wasted reverse osmosis membrane was successfully modified into the hydrophobic membrane via surface deposition strategy including TiO2 and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTS), respectively. Various techniques were applied to characterize the obtained membranes, which were then used to separate the oil–water system. The optimally modified membrane displayed good hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 135.2° ± 0.3°, and its oil–water separation performance was as high as 97.8%. After 20 recycle tests, the oil–water separation performance remained more than 96%, which was attributed to the film adhesion of the anchored TiO2 and PFOTS layer on the surface. This work might provide a new avenue for recycling the wasted reverse osmosis membrane used in oily wastewater purification.

关键词: oil–water separation     wasted reverse osmosis membrane     hydrophobic modification    

Role of water chemistry on estrone removal by nanofiltration with the presence of hydrophobic acids

Xue JIN,Jiangyong HU

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 164-170 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0747-9

摘要: Hydrophobic acid organic matter (HpoA) extracted from treated effluent has been known to improve the rejection of steroid hormone estrone by reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. In this study, the effects of solution chemistry (solution pH and ionic strength) on the estrone rejection by NF membrane with the presence of HpoA were systematically investigated. Crossflow nanofiltration experiments show that the presence of HpoA significantly improved estrone rejection at all pH and ionic strength levels investigated. It is consistently shown that the “enhancement effect” of HpoA on estrone rejection at neutral and alkaline pH is attributed to the binding of estrone by HpoA macromolecules via hydrogen bonding between phenolic functional groups in feed solutions, which leads to an increase in molecular weight and appearance of negative charge. The membrane exhibited the best performance in terms of estrone rejection at pH 10.4 (compared to pH 4 and pH 7) as a result of strengthening the electrostatic repulsion between estrone and membrane with the presence of HpoA. At neutral pH level, the ability of HpoA macromolecules to promote estrone rejection became stronger with increasing ionic strength due to their more extended conformation, which created more chances for the association between estrone and HpoA. The important conclusion of this study is that increasing solution pH and salinity can greatly intensify the “enhancement effect” of HpoA. These results can be important for NF application in direct/indirect potable water reuse.

关键词: indirect potable water reuse     steroid hormone     nanofiltration(NF)     rejection     water chemistry     hydrophobic acids    

hydrophobic environment triggering reactive fluorescence probe to real-time monitor mitochondrial DNA

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 92-102 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2063-9

摘要: Mitochondrial DNA has a special structure that is prone to damage resulting in many serious diseases, such as genetic diseases and cancers. Therefore, the rapid and specific monitoring of mitochondrial DNA damage is urgently needed for biological recognition. Herein, we constructed an in situ hydrophobic environment-triggering reactive fluorescence probe named MBI-CN. The fluorophore was 2-styrene-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, and malononitrile was introduced as a core into a molecule to initiate the hydrolysis reaction in the specific environment containing damaged mitochondrial DNA. In this design, MBI-CN conjugates to mitochondrial DNA without causing additional damages. Thus, MBI-CN can be hydrolyzed to generate MBI-CHO in an in situ hydrophobic environment with mitochondrial DNA damage. Meanwhile, MBI-CHO immediately emitted a significative fluorescence signal changes at 437 and 553 nm within 25 s for the damaged mitochondria DNA. Give that the specific and rapid response of MBI-CN does not cause additional damages to mitochondrial DNA, it is a potentially effective detection tool for the real-time monitoring of mitochondrial DNA damage during cell apoptosis and initial assessment of cell apoptosis.

关键词: hydrolysis reaction     mitochondrial DNA damage     in situ hydrophobic environment trigger     fluorescence probe     apoptosis    

Controlling microbiological interfacial behaviors of hydrophobic organic compounds by surfactants in

ZHANG Dong,ZHU Lizhong

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 305-315 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0647-z

摘要: Bioremediation of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) contaminated soils involves several physicochemical and microbiological interfacial processes among the soil-water-microorganism interfaces. The participation of surfactants facilitates the mass transport of HOCs in both the physicochemical and microbiological interfaces by reducing the interfacial tension. The effects and underlying mechanisms of surfactants on the physicochemical desorption of soil-sorbed HOCs have been widely studied. This paper reviewed the progress made in understanding the effects of surfactant on microbiological interfacial transport of HOCs and the underlying mechanisms, which is vital for a better understanding and control of the mass transfer of HOCs in the biodegradation process. In summary, surfactants affect the microbiological interfacial behaviors of HOCs during three consecutive processes: the soil solution-microorganism sorption, the transmembrane process, and the intracellular metabolism. Surfactant could promote cell sorption of HOCs depending on the compatibility of surfactant hydrophile hydrophilic balance (HLB) with cell surface properties; while the dose ratio between surfactant and biologic mass (membrane lipids) determined the transmembrane processes. Although surfactants cannot easily directly affect the intracellular enzymatic metabolism of HOCs due to the steric hindrace, the presence of surfactants can indirectly enhanced the metabolism by increasing the substrate concentrations.

关键词: biodegradation     sorption     transmembrane transport     microbiological interfaces     surfactants    

Synthesis and characterization of biocompatible polyurethanes for controlled release of hydrophobic and

Juichen YANG,Hong CHEN,Yuan YUAN,Debanjan SARKAR,Jie ZHENG

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 498-510 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1451-9

摘要: Design of biocompatible and biodegradable polymer systems for sustained and controlled release of bioactive agents is critical for numerous biomedical applications. Here, we designed, synthesized, and characterized four polyurethane carrier systems for controlled release of model drugs. These polyurethanes are biocompatible and biodegradable because they consist of biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(caprolactone diol) as soft segment, linear aliphatic hexamethylene diisocyanate or symmetrical aliphatic cyclic dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate as hard segment, and biodegradable urethane linkage. They were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscope, and differential scanning calorimetry, whereas their degradation behaviors were investigated in both phosphate buffered saline and enzymatic solutions. By tuning polyurethane segments, different release profiles of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs were obtained in the absence and presence of enzymes. Such difference in release profiles was attributed to a complex interplay among structure, hydrophobicity, and degradability of polyurethanes, the size and hydrophobicity of drugs, and drug-polymer interactions. Different drug-polyurethane combinations modulated the distribution and location of the drugs in polymer matrix, thus inducing different drug release mechanisms. Our results highlight an important role of segmental structure of the polyurethane as an engineering tool to control drug release.

关键词: phase structure     degradation     polyurethanes     controlled release     drug delivery    

Synthesis of hydrophobic carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide composite films by flash light irradiation

Kai Wang, Jinbo Pang, Liwei Li, Shengzhe Zhou, Yuhao Li, Tiezhu Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 376-382 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1705-z

摘要:

Carbon nanotubes/graphene composites have superior mechanical, electrical and electrochemistry properties with carbon nanotubes as a hydrophobicity boosting agent. Their extraordinary hydrophobic performance is highly suitable for electrode applications in lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors which often employ organic electrolytes. Also the hydrophobic features enable the oil enrichment for the crude oil separation from seawater. The ever reported synthesis routes towards such a composite either involve complicated multi-step reactions, e.g., chemical vapor depositions, or lead to insufficient extrusion of carbon nanotubes in the chemical reductions of graphene oxide, e.g., fully embedding between the compact graphene oxide sheets. As a consequence, the formation of standalone carbon nanotubes over graphene sheets remains of high interests. Herein we use the facile flash light irradiation method to induce the reduction of graphene oxides in the presence of carbon nanotubes. Photographs, micrographs, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis all indicate that graphene oxides has been reduced. And the contact angle tests confirm the excellent hydrophobic performances of the synthesized carbon nanotube/reduced graphene oxide composite films. This one-step treatment represents a straightforward and high efficiency way for the reduction of carbon nanotubes/graphene oxides composites.

关键词: carbon nanotubes     graphene composite     flash irradiation method     reduced graphene oxide     contact angles    

Effect of ligand chain length on hydrophobic charge induction chromatography revealed by molecular dynamics

Lin ZHANG, Yan SUN

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 456-463 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1357-y

摘要: Hydrophobic charge induction chromatography (HCIC) is a mixed-mode chromatography which is advantageous for high adsorption capacity and facile elution. The effect of the ligand chain length on protein behavior in HCIC was studied. A coarse-grain adsorbent pore model established in an earlier work was modified to construct adsorbents with different chain lengths, including one with shorter ligands (CL2) and one with longer ligands (CL4). The adsorption, desorption, and conformational transition of the proteins with CL2 and CL4 were examined using molecular dynamics simulations. The ligand chain length has a significant effect on both the probability and the irreversibility of the adsorption/desorption. Longer ligands reduced the energy barrier of adsorption, leading to stronger and more irreversible adsorption, as well as a little more unfolding of the protein. The simulation results elucidated the effect of the ligand chain length, which is beneficial for the rational design of adsorbents and parameter optimization for high-performance HCIC.

关键词: adsorption     desorption     irreversibility     protein conformational transition     molecular dynamics simulation    

Incorporation of 3-dimensional lycopodium with hydrophobic nature and interconnected nano-channels into

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第9期   页码 1162-1182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2276-6

摘要: In the present research, for the first time, lycopodium as a novel nanofiller was incorporated into a polyvinylidene fluoride matrix to fabricate lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride flat-sheet membrane for desalination applications by vacuum membrane distillation process. The prepared lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride membranes and lycopodium were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, and mapping analyses. Water contact angle and liquid entry pressure measurements were also performed. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize membrane structure and performance. The optimized lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride membrane exhibits superior performance compared to the neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane in terms of flux, salt rejection, water contact angle, and hydrophobicity. In vacuum membrane distillation experiments, using a 15000 ppm NaCl solution as a feed at 70 °C, the neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, optimum membrane, and agglomerated membrane (with high lycopodium loading) demonstrated 3.80, 25.20, and 14.83 LMH flux and 63.30%, 99.99%, 99.96% salt rejection, respectively. This improvement in flux and salt rejection of the optimized membrane was related to the presence of lycopodium with hydrophobic nature and interconnected nano-channels in membrane structure. It was found that lycopodium, as the most hydrophobic material, effectively influences the membrane performance and structure for membrane distillation applications.

关键词: lycopodium     hydrophobicity     vacuum membrane distillation     desalination    

Breeding strategies for increasing yield potential in super hybrid rice

Shihua CHENG,Xiaodeng ZHAN,Liyong CAO

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 277-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015081

摘要: Super hybrid rice breeding is a new breeding method combining semi-dwarf breeding and heterosis breeding using germplasm and gene-environment interactions. This paper reviews the breeding strategies of super hybrid rice breeding in China, focusing on the utilization of heterosis of indica and japonica subspecies, construction of ideal plant architecture and pyramiding of disease resistant genes in restorer lines. To develop super hybrid rice, considerable effort should be made to explore genes related with high yield, good quality, resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to stresses. Molecular breeding methods in combination with crossing techniques should be adopted in super hybrid rice breeding.

关键词: super hybrid rice     breeding strategies     yield potential    

Tool wear mechanisms in the machining of Nickel based super-alloys: A review

Waseem AKHTAR,Jianfei SUN,Pengfei SUN,Wuyi CHEN,Zawar SALEEM

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第9卷 第2期   页码 106-119 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0301-2

摘要:

Nickel based super-alloys are widely employed in aircraft engines and gas turbines due to their high temperature strength, corrosion resistance and, excellent thermal fatigue properties. Conversely, these alloys are very difficult to machine and cause rapid wear of the cutting tool, frequent tool changes are thus required resulting in low economy of the machining process. This study provides a detailed review of the tool wear mechanism in the machining of nickel based super-alloys. Typical tool wear mechanisms found by different researchers are analyzed in order to find out the most prevalent wear mechanism affecting the tool life. The review of existing works has revealed interesting findings about the tool wear mechanisms in the machining of these alloys. Adhesion wear is found to be the main phenomenon leading to the cutting tool wear in this study.

关键词: tool wear     nickel based super-alloy     wear mechanism    

Hydrophobic polyethersulfone porous membranes for membrane distillation

Heba ABDALLAH, Ayman EL-GENDI, Maaly KHEDR, Elham EL-ZANATI

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 84-93 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1508-4

摘要: Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal, vapor-driven transportation process through micro porous hydrophobic membranes that is increasingly being applied to seawater and brine desalination processes. Two types of hydrophobic microporous polyethersulfone flat sheet membranes, namely, annealed polyethersulfone and a polyethersulfone/tetraethoxysilane (PES/TEOS) blend were prepared by a phase inversion process. The membranes were characterized and their performances were investigated using the vacuum membrane distillation of an aqueous NaCl solution. The performances of the prepared membranes were also compared with two commercially available hydrophobic membranes, polytetrafluorethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride. The influence of operational parameters such as feed temperature (25–65 °C), permeate vacuum pressure (200–800 mbar), feed flow rate (8–22 mL/s) and feed salt concentration (3000 to 35000 mg/L) on the MD permeation flux were investigated for the four membranes. The hydrophobic PES/TEOS membrane had the highest salt rejection (99.7%) and permeate flux (86 kg/m ·h) at 65 °C, with a feed of 7000 ppm and a pressure of 200 mbar.

关键词: membrane distillation     hydrophobic membrane     salt rejection     permeate flux    

Sulige Gas Field super project

Wenrui HU, Jingwei BAO, Pengcheng JI

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 379-384 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017107

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

蒸汽压力和超疏水纳米复合涂层对微电子器件可靠性的影响

樊学军,陈良彪,汪正平,Hsing-Wei Chu,张国旗

期刊论文

A novel composite coating mesh film for oil-water separation

Futao QIN, Zhijia YU, Xinhui FANG, Xinghua LIU, Xiangyu SUN

期刊论文

Effects of slip length and hydraulic diameter on hydraulic entrance length of microchannels with superhydrophobic surfaces

Wenchi GONG, Jun SHEN, Wei DAI, Zeng DENG, Xueqiang DONG, Maoqiong GONG

期刊论文

Highly hydrophobic oil−water separation membrane: reutilization of waste reverse osmosis membrane

期刊论文

Role of water chemistry on estrone removal by nanofiltration with the presence of hydrophobic acids

Xue JIN,Jiangyong HU

期刊论文

hydrophobic environment triggering reactive fluorescence probe to real-time monitor mitochondrial DNA

期刊论文

Controlling microbiological interfacial behaviors of hydrophobic organic compounds by surfactants in

ZHANG Dong,ZHU Lizhong

期刊论文

Synthesis and characterization of biocompatible polyurethanes for controlled release of hydrophobic and

Juichen YANG,Hong CHEN,Yuan YUAN,Debanjan SARKAR,Jie ZHENG

期刊论文

Synthesis of hydrophobic carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide composite films by flash light irradiation

Kai Wang, Jinbo Pang, Liwei Li, Shengzhe Zhou, Yuhao Li, Tiezhu Zhang

期刊论文

Effect of ligand chain length on hydrophobic charge induction chromatography revealed by molecular dynamics

Lin ZHANG, Yan SUN

期刊论文

Incorporation of 3-dimensional lycopodium with hydrophobic nature and interconnected nano-channels into

期刊论文

Breeding strategies for increasing yield potential in super hybrid rice

Shihua CHENG,Xiaodeng ZHAN,Liyong CAO

期刊论文

Tool wear mechanisms in the machining of Nickel based super-alloys: A review

Waseem AKHTAR,Jianfei SUN,Pengfei SUN,Wuyi CHEN,Zawar SALEEM

期刊论文

Hydrophobic polyethersulfone porous membranes for membrane distillation

Heba ABDALLAH, Ayman EL-GENDI, Maaly KHEDR, Elham EL-ZANATI

期刊论文

Sulige Gas Field super project

Wenrui HU, Jingwei BAO, Pengcheng JI

期刊论文