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Top-geoherbs of traditional Chinese medicine: common trait, quality characteristics and formation

Luqi Huang, Lanping Guo, Chaoyi Ma, Wei Gao, Qingjun Yuan

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 185-194 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0141-y

摘要： Top-geoherbs used in China are always featured with high qualities, and they grow in specified areas with specific environment. Recently, researches on top-geoherbs have attracted increasing attention in China and other countries. In order to have a thorough knowledge of top-geoherbs, this article reviews the concept, historical evolution, common trait and quality characteristics of top-geoherbs, and explains the forming mechanism including genetic mechanism and environmental mechanism. In addition, it introduces the influence of human factors on the quality of top-geoherbs. Finally, it proposes some problems that should be paid attention to in the researches on top-geoherbs.

关键词： top-geoherbs common trait quality characteristics formation biological mechanism

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Two-dimensional modeling of sintering of a powder layer on top of nonporous substrate

Tiebing CHEN, Yuwen ZHANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第2期页码 143-148 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0006-0

摘要： Selective laser sintering (SLS) of a two-component metal powder layer on the top of multiple sintered layers by a moving Gaussian laser beam is modeled. The loose metal powder layer is composed of a powder mixture with significantly different melting points. The physical model that accounts the shrinkage induced by melting is described by using a temperature-transforming model. The effects of the porosity and the thickness of the atop loose powder layer with different numbers of the existing sintered metal powder layers below on the sintering process are numerically investigated. The present work will provide a better understanding to simulate much more complicated three-dimensional SLS process.

关键词： laser sintering melting solidification heat transfer

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The most influential “Top 10 Events” in carbon neutrality and climate change in 2022

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 1-4 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0869-5

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Analysis of catchment evapotranspiration at different scales using bottom-up and top-down approaches

Xiangyu XU, Dawen YANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 65-77 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0002-9

摘要： Physically-based hydrological models are used to predict catchment water balance through detailed simulation of hydrological processes at small temporal and spatial scales. However, annual catchment water balance can also be easily and simply predicted using lumped conceptual model. Comparison between physically-based hydrological models and lumped conceptual models can help us understand the dominant factors on catchment water balance at different scales. In this paper, a distributed physically-based hydrological model (i.e., bottom-up approach) and a simple water-energy balance model (i.e., top-down approach) are used to predict actual evapotranspiration in nine sub-catchments, and the whole basin of the Luan River in northern China. Both simulations give very close values of annual evapotranspiration and show the same complementary relationship between actual and potential evapotranspiration at annual time scale. From the analysis at different time scales through comparison of the top-down and the bottom-up methods, it is shown that the annual catchment evapotranspiration is controlled mainly by annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, and the variability of soil water and vegetation becomes more important at a smaller time scale in the study areas. It is also known that the relationship between potential and actual evapotranspiration shows a highly nonlinear relationship at the annual and catchment scale but can be simplified to a linear relationship at hourly temporal and hillslope scales, which is commonly used in the physically-based hydrological models.

关键词： catchment evapotranspiration distributed hydrological model water-energy balance model top-down and bottom-up approaches

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我国综采放顶煤开采技术及其展望

赵经彻

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第4期页码 9-16

摘要：

介绍了20世纪80年代中期以来对我国煤炭工业有重大影响的综采放顶煤开采技术的概况；论述了我国科技人员在该项技术进步中在顶煤可放性评价、岩（煤）运动规律及支架围岩关系、提高回收率的技术和工艺、安全控制、大功率成套设备研制等方面的创造性贡献；对综采放顶煤技术的发展趋势作出了评价。

关键词：煤炭开采综采放顶煤顶板管理资源回收率煤矿安全

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Development of clean energy and environmental technologies to address humanity’s top problems

Geoff G. X. Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1145-5

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GENOME EDITING: A GROUND BREAKING RESEARCH HAS BEEN RANKED TOP 10 ENGINEERING FRONTS FROM 2017 TO 2021

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 309-311 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022440

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近六年《麻省理工科技评论》“全球十大突破性技术”解析与启示

屠海令,孙棕檀,姚源,徐源

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第5期页码 85-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.05.015

摘要：

《麻省理工科技评论》自2001年起每年发布“全球十大突破性技术”，关注技术的商业应用潜力及其对人类生活和社会的重大影响。本文从技术影响类型、技术领域等角度入手，对《麻省理工科技评论》近六年发布的60项突破性技术进行深入理解和分析，为准确把握未来产业动态和科技趋势提供借鉴。

关键词：科技评论 “全球十大突破性技术” 商业产业社会

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Performance of a bi-layer solar steam generation system working at a high-temperature of top surface

Jinxin ZHONG, Congliang HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 141-148 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0725-4

摘要： Many efforts have been focused on enhancing the vapor generation in bi-layer solar steam generation systems for obtaining as much pure water as possible. However, the methods to enhance the vapor temperature is seldom studied although the high-temperature vapor has a wide use in medical sterilization and electricity generation. In this work, to probe the high-temperature vapor system, an improved macroscopic heat and mass transfer model was proposed. Then, using the finite element method to solve the model, the influences of some main factors on the evaporation efficiency and vapor temperature were discussed, including effects of the vapor transport conditions and the heat dissipation conditions. The results show that the high-temperature vapor could not be obtained by enhancing the heat-insulating property of the bi-layer systems but by applying the optimal porosity and proper absorbers. This paper is expected to provide some information for designing a bi-layered system to produce high-temperature vapor.

关键词： solar steam generation solar energy numerical method porous material

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Eddy current measurement of the thickness of top Cu film of the multilayer interconnects in the integrated

Zilian QU,Yonggang MENG,Qian ZHAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第1期页码 1-6 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0325-2

摘要：

This paper proposes a new eddy current method, named equivalent unit method (EUM), for the thickness measurement of the top copper film of multilayer interconnects in the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, which is an important step in the integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing. The influence of the underneath circuit layers on the eddy current is modeled and treated as an equivalent film thickness. By subtracting this equivalent film component, the accuracy of the thickness measurement of the top copper layer with an eddy current sensor is improved and the absolute error is 3 nm for sampler measurement.

关键词： CMP eddy current multilayer wafer Cu interconnects equivalent unit