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转型升级 5

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Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

Sainab Omar, Suzanne Alsamaq, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 702-717 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1861-9

摘要： The work studied a non-catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil by blending under supercritical conditions using methanol, ethanol and isopropanol as solvent and hydrogen donor. Characterisation of the bio-oil and the upgraded bio-oils was carried out including moisture content, elemental content, pH, heating value, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), Fourier transform infrared radiation, C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate the effects of blending and supercritical reactions. The GCMS analysis indicated that the supercritical methanol reaction removed the acids in the bio-oil consequently the pH increased from 2.39 in the crude bio-oil to 4.04 after the supercritical methanol reaction. The ester contents increased by 87.49% after the supercritical methanol reaction indicating ester formation could be the major deacidification mechanism for reducing the acidity of the bio-oil and improving its pH value. Simply blending crude bio-oil with isopropanol was effective in increasing the C and H content, reducing the O content and increasing the heating value to 27.55 from 17.51 MJ·kg in the crude bio-oil. After the supercritical isopropanol reaction, the heating value of the liquid product slightly further increased to 28.85 MJ·kg .

关键词： bio-oil blending supercritical upgrading characterisation

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Upgrading of derived pyrolysis vapors for the production of biofuels from corncobs

Liaoyuan Mao, Yanxin Li, Z. Conrad Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 50-58 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1685-4

摘要： A bubbling fluidized bed pyrolyzer was integrated with an honeycomb as a catalytic upgrading zone for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels. In the upgrading zone, zeolite coated ceramic honeycomb (ZCCH) catalysts consisting of ZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) were stacked and N or recycled non-condensable gas was used as a carrier gas. Ground corncob particles were fast pyrolyzed in the bubbling bed using fine sand particles as a heat carrier and the resulting pyrolysis vapors were passed on-line over the catalytic upgrading zone. The influence of carrier gas, temperature, and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of catalyst on the oil product properties, distribution and mass balance were studied. Using ZCCH effectively increased the hydrocarbon yield and the heating value of the dry oil, especially in the presence of the recycled noncondensable gas. Even a low usage of zeolite catalyst at WSHV of 180 h was effective in upgrading the pyrolysis oil and other light olefins. The highest hydrocarbon (≥C2) and liquid aromatics yields reached to 14.23 and 4.17 wt-%, respectively. The undesirable products including light oxygenates, furans dramatically decreased in the presence of the ZCCH catalyst.

关键词： corncob monolith upgrading pyrolysis

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A review on catalytic & non-catalytic bio-oil upgrading in supercritical fluids

Sainab Omar, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 4-17 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1933-x

摘要： This review article summarizes the key published research on the topic of bio-oil upgrading using catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical fluid (SCF) conditions. The precious metal catalysts Pd, Ru and Pt on various supports are frequently chosen for catalytic bio-oil upgrading in SCFs. This is reportedly due to their favourable catalytic activity during the process including hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and esterification, which leads to improvements in liquid yield, heating value, and pH of the upgraded bio-oil. Due to the costs associated with precious metal catalysts, some researchers have opted for non-precious metal catalysts such as acidic HZSM-5 which can promote esterification in supercritical ethanol. On the other hand, SCFs have been effectively used to upgrade crude bio-oil without a catalyst. Supercritical methanol, ethanol, and water are most commonly used and demonstrate catalyst like activities such as facilitating esterification reactions and reducing solid yield by alcoholysis and hydrolysis, respectively.

关键词： bio-oil upgrading supercritical review

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Analyzing the energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of Canadian oil sands crude upgrading through

Anton ALVAREZ-MAJMUTOV,Jinwen CHEN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 212-218 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1424-z

摘要： This paper presents an evaluation of the energy intensity and related greenhouse gas/CO emissions of integrated oil sands crude upgrading processes. Two major oil sands crude upgrading schemes currently used in Canadian oil sands operations were investigated: coking-based and hydroconversion-based. The analysis, which was based on a robust process model of the entire process, was constructed in Aspen HYSYS and calibrated with representative data. Simulations were conducted for the two upgrading schemes in order to generate a detailed inventory of the required energy and utility inputs: process fuel, steam, hydrogen and power. It was concluded that while hydroconversion-based scheme yields considerably higher amount of synthetic crude oil (SCO) than the coker-based scheme (94 wt-% vs. 76 wt-%), it consumes more energy and is therefore more CO -intensive (413.2 kg CO /m vs. 216.4 kg CO /m ). This substantial difference results from the large amount of hydrogen consumed in the ebullated-bed hydroconverter in the hydroconversion-based scheme, as hydrogen production through conventional methane steam reforming is highly energy-intensive and therefore the major source of CO emission. Further simulations indicated that optimization of hydroconverter operating variables had only a minor effect on the overall CO emission due to the complex trade-off effect between energy inputs.

关键词： Oil sands crude upgrading hydroconversion process modeling greenhouse gas emissions

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Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses for integration of aromatics separation with aromatics upgrading

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 183-193 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2192-9

摘要： Methanol to aromatics produces multiple products, resulting in a limited selectivity of xylene. Aromatics upgrading is an effective way to produce more valuable xylene product, and different feed ratios generate discrepant product distributions. This work integrates the aromatics separation with toluene disproportionation, transalkylation of toluene and trimethylbenzene, and isomerization of xylene and trimethylbenzene. Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses are conducted to give insights in the splitting ratios of benzene, toluene and heavy aromatics for aromatics upgrading. First, a detailed simulation model is developed in Aspen HYSYS. Then, 300 splitting ratio sets of benzene and toluene for conversion are studied to investigate the process performances. The results indicate that there are different preferences for the splitting ratios of benzene and toluene in terms of exergy and exergoeconomic performances. The process generates lower total exergy destruction when the splitting ratio of toluene varies between 0.07 and 0.18, and that of benzene fluctuates between 0.55 and 0.6. Nevertheless, the process presents lower total product unit cost with the splitting ratio of toluene less than 0.18 and that of benzene fluctuating between 0.44 and 0.89. Besides, it is found that distillation is the biggest contributor to the total exergy destruction, accounting for 94.97%.

关键词： aromatics separation and upgrading variant splitting ratios total exergy destruction total product unit cost

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Mesoporous zeolites for biofuel upgrading and glycerol conversion

Jian Zhang, Liang Wang, Yanyan Ji, Fang Chen, Feng-Shou Xiao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 132-144 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1681-8

摘要： With the recent emphasis and development of sustainable chemistry, the conversion of biomass feedstocks into alternative fuels and fine chemicals over various heterogeneous catalysts has received much attention. In particular, owing to their uniform micropores, strong acidity, and stable and rigid frameworks, zeolites as catalysts or co-catalysts have exhibited excellent catalytic performances in many reactions, including hydrodesulfurization, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and hydrodeoxygenation. However, the relatively small sizes of the zeolite micropores strongly limit the conversion of bulky biomolecules. To overcome this issue, mesoporous zeolites with pores larger than those of biomolecules have been synthesized. As expected, these mesoporous zeolites have outperformed conventional zeolites with improved activities, better selectivities, and longer catalyst lives for the upgrading of pyrolysis oils, the transformation of lipids into biofuels, and the conversion of glycerol into acrolein and aromatic compounds. This review briefly summarizes recent works on the rational synthesis of mesoporous zeolites and their superior catalytic properties in biomass conversion.

关键词： biomass conversion mesoporous zeolite sustainable chemistry

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传统发酵食品产业技术转型升级战略研究

夏小乐,吴剑荣,陈坚

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第2期页码 129-137 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.02.017

摘要：

在全球推进“工业4.0”背景下，厘清我国传统发酵食品这一重要民生产业的技术现状、技术升级面临的挑战和未来转型升级方向，提出我国传统发酵食品产业转型升级战略和政策建议具有重要意义。通过实地调研、问卷调查和文献分析发现，传统发酵食品产业集中度不高，智能制造水平较低，绿色制造体系不完善；同时面临核心技术装备自主研发能力弱、转型升级路径不清等诸多挑战。因此，应当通过深入挖掘发酵代谢机制，开发自主成套装备等推进核心技术提升，进一步加强技术标准统一，推动端到端的集成。最后，通过加强顶层设计与战略引导，推动关键理论与技术基础突破，培育共享制造新模式，强化政策和保障措施，建设行业标准和生态体系，建设完善面向中国制造2025 的新型传统发酵食品产业。

关键词：传统发酵食品，绿色制造，智能制造，转型升级战略

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我国汽车产业转型升级研究

乔英俊,延建林,钟志华,赵俊玮

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 41-46 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.001

摘要：

本文全面分析了当前我国汽车产业发展面临的新形势和未来发展的新趋向，研究提出了我国汽车产业转型升级的新内涵，即：新材料、新结构、新工艺、新装备、新能源、新功能、新模式，并分析比较了我国汽车产业转型升级的四种新路径，即自主技术创新、跨界联合发展、政策资源支持、创新商业模式，最后提出了相应的发展建议。

关键词：汽车产业转型升级路径分析

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应用先进技术改造传统炼铜产业

孔繁义

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第9期页码 69-76

摘要：

云南冶炼厂（云南铜业股份有限公司）是20世纪60年代初建成的铜精矿电炉熔炼企业。投产以来，存在着能源消耗大，SO₂利用率低，环境污染较严重，生产成本高等问题；近20年来，通过持续不断地技术改造和技术创新，特别是采用先进的富氧顶吹熔池熔炼技术取代电炉熔炼工艺，将使传统的炼铜产业获得迅速的提升。预计到2002年，不但在生产规模上成为全国三大铜生产企业之一，而且三废排放将完全达标，实现清洁生产，粗铜电耗可望由2 314 kW·h/t降至1 542 kW·h/t，生产成本会有明显下降，总体实力可进入世界铜工业20强之列。

关键词：铜工业电炉熔炼技术改造富氧顶吹熔池熔炼

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对我国煤炭工业产业升级及能源发展的建议

王安

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第10期页码 143-147

摘要：

提升煤炭工业产业技术水平，转变煤炭生产增长方式，不仅是解决煤炭工业健康发展的需要，也是改善国家能源供给，保障能源安全的关键所在。煤炭产业升级总的方向和途径主要在结构优化和技术升级两个方面。神东以“四化”为基本特征的大型煤炭基地建设的成功实践，在“规模、模式、装备”3个方面带动了我国煤炭工业的发展，对煤炭产业升级具有重要的示范意义。要加快制定煤炭产业政策配套措施，积极引导产业升级，建立有利于统一管理的能源管理体制，推广神东模式，提高资源的采出率和矿产资源的利用率。

关键词：煤炭工业产业升级能源安全神东模式产业政策资源采出率利用率

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A carbon efficiency upgrading method for mechanical machining based on scheduling optimization strategy

Shuo ZHU, Hua ZHANG, Zhigang JIANG, Bernard HON

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第2期页码 338-350 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0572-8

摘要： Low-carbon manufacturing (LCM) is increasingly being regarded as a new sustainable manufacturing model of carbon emission reduction in the manufacturing industry. In this paper, a two-stage low-carbon scheduling optimization method of job shop is presented as part of the efforts to implement LCM, which also aims to reduce the processing cost and improve the efficiency of a mechanical machining process. In the first stage, a task assignment optimization model is proposed to optimize carbon emissions without jeopardizing the processing efficiency and the profit of a machining process. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution are then adopted to assign the most suitable batch task of different parts to each machine. In the second stage, a processing route optimization model is established to plan the processing sequence of different parts for each machine. Finally, niche genetic algorithm is utilized to minimize the makespan. A case study on the fabrication of four typical parts of a machine tool is demonstrated to validate the proposed method.

关键词： Low-carbon manufacturing carbon efficiency multi-objective optimization two-stage scheduling job shop

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供给侧结构性改革中的制造业质量升级

张纲

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第3期页码 29-38 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.03.005

摘要：

制造业质量体现企业和产业的核心竞争力，反映国家的综合实力。本文围绕供给侧结构性改革的主攻方向，分析了制造业质量升级对推动产业结构转型、优化就业结构、促进经济协调发展、塑造国家品牌的作用。作者认为，质量既是硬实力，又是软实力，抓质量如同抓科技、抓教育一样，应当赋予其综合性地位，以“大质量”的理念，重点从6个方面加快推进制造业质量提升：确立质量与效益相衔接的大目标、创建质量维度的产业结构分析新方法、创立国家质量基础设施建设的新优势、实施质量升级的重大工程、创新质量升级的制度政策体系、强化“大质量”工作体制。

关键词：供给侧改革制造业质量升级

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浙江省制造业技术改造智能升级的经验与启示

季桓永,周源

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第4期页码 122-126 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.020

摘要：

实现制造业技术改造智能升级是深化供给侧结构性改革的重要举措，然而我国制造业整体发展水平不均，有效地推动产业基础广泛的转型更迭是现阶段我国产业政策的难点。2013年以来，浙江省在推进制造业技术改造智能升级方面积累了丰富的工作经验，并在提高制造业产品质量、缓解招工压力、改善投资结构、培育新兴产业等方面取得了显著成果。本文基于对浙江省制造业的实地调研，归纳梳理了浙江省在制造业技术改造智能升级过程中在发挥政府引导、激发企业主观能动性、优化市场供给等方面的主要做法及成效。文章最后为我国全面推进制造业智能化技术改造提供了政策建议。

关键词：浙江省技术改造智能升级经验启示

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人工智能助力有色金属工业转型升级

袁小锋,桂卫华,陈晓方,黄科科,阳春华

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第4期页码 59-65 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.010

摘要：

有色金属是国民经济和国防军工的重要原料和战略物资。近年来，我国有色金属工业取得突飞猛进的发展，但仍面临着绿色、高效和智能化发展的挑战。有色金属生产工况复杂、原料多变，资源、能源、环保的要求日益严格，需要通过灵敏感知、精细操作、智能分析和敏捷决策来处理这些复杂变化和严苛要求。人工智能的飞速发展为有色金属生产过程的转型升级提供了核心驱动力。本文从有色金属工业的发展及面临的挑战、人工智能技术助力有色金属生产转型升级案例以及有色金属工业转型升级对人工智能的挑战三个方面阐述人工智能助力有色金属生产过程绿色高效智能化发展的主要内涵。

关键词：有色金属工业人工智能智能制造转型升级

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疫苗：我国海水鱼类养殖业向工业化转型的重要支撑

马悦,张元兴,雷霁霖

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第9期页码 4-9

摘要：

国际上水产养殖发达国家和地区的成功产业实践证实，接种疫苗在规模化、集约化的海水鱼类工业化进程中扮演着重要角色。疫苗的广泛应用为大幅度减少抗生素等化学药物的使用起到显著效应，为海水养殖业的健康和可持续发展发挥着关键性的产业支撑作用。中国作为世界上产量遥遥领先的水产养殖大国，以鱼类为代表的海水养殖业正在向工业化转型升级，而日益严重的病害和水产品安全问题正成为我国海水鱼类养殖业获得更大发展的制约性障碍之一。随着国家鲆鲽类产业技术体系为代表的海水鱼类疫苗的研究和商业化开发所取得的不断突破，我国海水鱼类养殖业的病害防治策略正在朝着以疫苗接种为核心的产业方向快速迈进。

关键词：海水鱼类养殖国内外现状工业化转型病害防治疫苗发展趋势