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Assessment of vaccination strategies against highly pathogenic avian influenza in China

Honglei SUN,Jinhua LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第4期   页码 277-281 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014036

摘要： Vaccination for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been implemented in China for a decade, however, the virus is still present in poultry. A series of recombinant vaccines, Re-1 to Re-7, have been developed and used, and Re-8 will also be used in clinical settings to prevent the prevailing flu strains. The question remains, when can China eradicate the disease? Here, we review the epidemiology of H5 HPAI along with the development, usage and problems of vaccines. Further suggestions for controlling the disease in China are provided.

关键词： highly pathogenic avian influenza     vaccine     vaccination     control    

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Protective efficacy of vaccination with NcMIC3 and NcMIC8 against

Taotao ZHANG, Xiao ZHANG, Qun LIU, Jianhai XU, Jing LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 188-196 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019253

摘要：

Microneme proteins (MICs) are important for Apicomplexan parasite invasion due to their adhesion to host cells. Several studies have indicated that MIC3 and MIC8 are important adhesion factors and potential vaccine candidates against neosporosis. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of recombinant proteins and DNA vaccines of NcMIC3 and NcMIC8. BALB/c mice were immunized with rNcMIC3, rNcMIC8, pcDNA3.1-NcMIC3 and pcDNA3.1-NcMIC8 respectively, and challenged with tachyzoites. The immune responses were evaluated through cytokine, antibody measurements and the parasite burden in the mice brain tissues. Serological analysis showed that recombinant protein vaccines induced higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) than other groups. The percentage of IgG1 and IgG2a in the recombinant protein groups was higher than the other groups, and with a predominance of IgG1 over IgG2a, suggesting that recombinant protein vaccines elicited a Th2-type immune response, while DNA vaccines mainly produce a Th1-type immune response. In addition, mice immunized with rNcMIC3 and rNcMIC8 a had lower parasite burden in brain tissue compared with the other groups. These results demonstrate that rNcMIC3 and rNcMIC8 could induce humoral and Th2-type immune response, leading to a considerable level of resistance against neosporosis.

关键词： NcMIC3     NcMIC8     Neospora caninum     vaccination    

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Host protection against Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages by prior vaccination in spring 2022 COVID-19 outbreak

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 562-575 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0977-3

摘要： The Omicron family of SARS-CoV-2 variants are currently driving the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we analyzed the clinical laboratory test results of 9911 Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages-infected symptomatic patients without earlier infection histories during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Shanghai in spring 2022. Compared to an earlier patient cohort infected by SARS-CoV-2 prototype strains in 2020, BA.2.2 infection led to distinct fluctuations of pathophysiological markers in the peripheral blood. In particular, severe/critical cases of COVID-19 post BA.2.2 infection were associated with less pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and stronger interferon alpha response in the bronchoalveolar microenvironment. Importantly, the abnormal biomarkers were significantly subdued in individuals who had been immunized by 2 or 3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 prototype-inactivated vaccines, supporting the estimation of an overall 96.02% of protection rate against severe/critical disease in the 4854 cases in our BA.2.2 patient cohort with traceable vaccination records. Furthermore, even though age was a critical risk factor of the severity of COVID-19 post BA.2.2 infection, vaccination-elicited protection against severe/critical COVID-19 reached 90.15% in patients aged ≥ 60 years old. Together, our study delineates the pathophysiological features of Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages and demonstrates significant protection conferred by prior prototype-based inactivated vaccines.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19     host response     bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)    

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Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron variants and B cell response after inactivated vaccination

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 747-757 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0954-x

摘要： Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have made COVID-19 convalescents susceptible to re-infection and have raised concern about the efficacy of inactivated vaccination in neutralization against emerging variants and antigen-specific B cell response. To this end, a study on a long-term cohort of 208 participants who have recovered from COVID-19 was conducted, and the participants were followed up at 3.3 (Visit 1), 9.2 (Visit 2), and 18.5 (Visit 3) months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. They were classified into three groups (no-vaccination (n = 54), one-dose (n = 62), and two-dose (n = 92) groups) on the basis of the administration of inactivated vaccination. The neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the wild-type virus continued to decrease in the no-vaccination group, but they rose significantly in the one-dose and two-dose groups, with the highest NAb titers being observed in the two-dose group at Visit 3. The NAb titers against the Delta variant for the no-vaccination, one-dose, and two-dose groups decreased by 3.3, 1.9, and 2.3 folds relative to the wild-type virus, respectively, and those against the Omicron variant decreased by 7.0, 4.0, and 3.8 folds, respectively. Similarly, the responses of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific B cells and memory B cells were boosted by the second vaccine dose. Results showed that the convalescents benefited from the administration of the inactivated vaccine (one or two doses), which enhanced neutralization against highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants and memory B cell responses. Two doses of inactivated vaccine among COVID-19 convalescents are therefore recommended for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccination guidelines and policies need to be updated.

关键词： COVID-19 convalescent     SARS-CoV-2     inactivated vaccination     neutralizing antibody     B cell response    

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Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of coronavirus disease 2019-associated stroke

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1041-7

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has triggered a huge impact on healthcare, socioeconomics, and other aspects of the world over the past three years. An increasing number of studies have identified a complex relationship between COVID-19 and stroke, although active measures are being implemented to prevent disease transmission. Severe COVID-19 may be associated with an increased risk of stroke and increase the rates of disability and mortality, posing a serious challenge to acute stroke diagnosis, treatment, and care. This review aims to provide an update on the influence of COVID-19 itself or vaccines on stroke, including arterial stroke (ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke) and venous stroke (cerebral venous thrombosis). Additionally, the neurovascular mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the clinical characteristics of stroke in the COVID-19 setting are presented. Evidence on vaccinations, potential therapeutic approaches, and effective strategies for stroke management has been highlighted.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2     ischemic stroke     stroke     hemorrhagic stroke     cerebral venous thrombosis     vaccination    

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and immunization strategies for improved control of the COVID-19 pandemic

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 185-195 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0913-y

摘要： The record speed at which Chinese scientists identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and shared its genomic sequence with the world, has greatly facilitated the development of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines. It is unprecedented in pandemic control history to develop a dozen successful vaccines in the first year and to immunize over half of the global population in the second year, due to the efforts of the scientific community, biopharmaceutical industry, and regulatory agencies worldwide. The challenges are both great and multidimensional due to the rapid emergence of virus variants and waning of vaccine immunity. Vaccination strategies need to adapt to these challenges to keep population immunity above the herd immunity threshold, by increasing vaccine coverage, especially for older adults and young people, and providing timely booster doses with homologous or heterologous vaccine boosts. Further research should be undertaken to develop more effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants and to understand the best prime-boost vaccine combinations and immunization strategies to provide sufficient and sustainable immune protection against COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19     pandemics     SARS-CoV-2     vaccination    

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Understanding risk of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 938-941 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0895-9

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tuberculosis infection among Chinese adolescents born after terminating the Bacillus Calmette--Guérin booster vaccination

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 528-535 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0573-0

摘要：

The prevalence of tuberculosis infection among adolescents born after terminating the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) booster vaccination in China was estimated using tuberculin skin testing (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay (QFT) to investigate the influence of neonatal BCG vaccination on the performance of TST. Data analysis was conducted for 2831 eligible participants aged 5–15 years from the baseline survey of a population-based multi-center prospective study. The prevalence rates of TST (induration≥10 mm) and QFT positivity were 9.3% (264/2827) and 2.5% (71/2831), respectively. The rate of QFT indeterminate result was 2.2% (62/2831). The overall agreement between TST and QFT was low (concordance= 88.0%; κ coefficient= 0.125). Only TST was positively associated with BCG vaccination with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.71 [95% confidence interval, 1.26–2.31]. A history of close contact with patients of active TB was significantly associated with positivity for TST and QFT. Our results suggested that BCG neonatal vaccination still affects TST performance, and a two-step approach might be considered for TB infection testing among adolescents in China.

关键词： tuberculin skin test     interferon-γ release assays     adolescent     agreement    

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Innate and adaptive T cells in influenza disease

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 34-47 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0606-8

摘要：

Influenza is a major global health problem, causing infections of the respiratory tract, often leading to acute pneumonia, life-threatening complications and even deaths. Over the last seven decades, vaccination strategies have been utilized to protect people from complications of influenza, especially groups at high risk of severe disease. While current vaccination regimens elicit strain-specific antibody responses, they fail to generate cross-protection against seasonal, pandemic and avian viruses. Moreover, vaccines designed to generate influenza-specific T-cell responses are yet to be optimized. During natural infection, viral replication is initially controlled by innate immunity before adaptive immune responses (T cells and antibody-producing B cells) achieve viral clearance and host recovery. Adaptive T and B cells maintain immunological memory and provide protection against subsequent infections with related influenza viruses. Recent studies also shed light on the role of innate T-cells (MAIT cells, gd T cells, and NKT cells) in controlling influenza and linking innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, thus making them attractive targets for vaccination strategies. We summarize the current knowledge on influenza-specific innate MAIT and gd T cells as well as adaptive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and discuss how these responses can be harnessed by novel vaccine strategies to elicit cross-protective immunity against different influenza strains and subtypes.

关键词： influenza     innate T cells     CD4+ and CD8+ T cells     vaccination    

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应对新冠病毒肺炎疫情的东西方分异 Article

Dean T Jamison, Kin Bing Wu

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第7期   页码 936-947 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.008

摘要：

截至2021年5月，西方国家每百万人口中新冠病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）死亡人数往往超过东方国家的100倍。本文中提及的西方国家是以美国和西欧地区5个人口最多的国家（法国、德国、意大利、西班牙和英国）为代表，东方国家是以作为《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）成员的东亚和大洋洲的15个国家（澳大利亚、文莱达鲁萨兰国、柬埔寨王国、中国、印度尼西亚、日本、韩国、老挝、马来西亚、缅甸、新西兰、菲律宾、新加坡、泰国和越南）为代表。本文认为，现有信息指明了造成东西方差异的最主要因素。到2020年1月初，中国武汉市发生非典型病毒性肺炎的预警促使东亚诸多司法管辖区迅速做出反应。2020年1月10日，病毒基因组的发布为进行诊断测试和开展疫苗研发提供了重要信息。2020年1月23日，中国武汉市封城，明确表明了这种新疾病的危险性。截至2020年3月下旬，中国新冠肺炎疫情已经得到全面控制，而其他的RCEP成员国也已提早采取了果断措施（包括限制出行），从而避免了严重的结局。在2020年2月这一关键时期，美国和其他一些西方国家的不作为导致新冠肺炎的肆虐和传播。东西方国家都广泛实施了严格的全民非药物干预措施，社会、经济和教育系统都付出了巨大的代价。如果没有采取这些措施，结局可能会更糟。大多数东方国家还实施了严格的集中政策，对感染者进行集中隔离。然而，即使在今天，大多数西方国家仍然允许感染者与其家人、同事和社区居民交往。东西方之间的差异在很大程度上是由于西方国家未能及早实施基本公共卫生政策。一些RCEP成员国及高收入国家进行广泛的免疫接种，疫情很快减轻。然而，低收入国家的疫苗推出缓慢，导致在结局上全球南北方差异正逐渐取代东西方差异。因此，南方国家正在取代西方国家，成为更危险病毒变种的滋生地。例如，具有高度传染性的德尔塔（Delta）变种，可能会削弱迄今为止在很多国家中取得成功的控制策略的效果。

关键词： 新冠病毒肺炎     隔离     非药物干预措施     大流行     疫苗接种    

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基于情景构建的中国COVID-19相关基本临床医疗资源需求评估 Article

张婷, 王晴, 冷志伟, 杨媛, 杨津, 陈方媛, 贾萌萌, 张惺惺, 亓蔚然, 徐韵韶, 陈思雅, 戴佩希, 马礼兵, 冯录召, 杨维中

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第7期   页码 948-957 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.020

摘要：

新冠病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行是全球性的公共危机。COVID-19疫情暴发后，感染病例和重症患者骤增，导致亟需救治的患者数量增加、医疗资源供不应求，许多国家的医疗系统不堪重负，甚至崩溃。本研究基于不同情景下的COVID-19疫情暴发和防控，旨在评估中国COVID-19疫情相关的基本临床医疗资源需求。本研究使用易感者-潜隐者-传染者-住院/隔离者-移除者（包括康复和死亡）（SEIHR）传播动力学仓储模型来估计感染者和住院/隔离患者的数量，以及所需的基本医疗资源。研究发现，在实施严格的非药物干预（NPI）措施或大规模人群接种疫苗的情景下，中国能够迅速控制社区传播和局部地区暴发的聚集性疫情。然而，在实施较低强度的NPI措施和通过疫苗接种获得免疫的人口比例较低的情景下，需要使用平疫转换模式来储备医疗资源和提高服务能力，以确保疫情发生时医疗卫生系统的正常运行。不同时期COVID-19疫苗的接种和NPI措施的实施会减缓疫情的传播，进而影响临床救治需求。在构建的情景中，无症状感染者比例的增加不会减少对医疗资源的需求，但会增大疫情防控的难度。本研究为全球抗击COVID-19疫情期间防控策略的调整提供了依据，为未来应对COVID-19疫情大流行的公共卫生应急准备提供借鉴，也为基本医疗资源储备和配置提供指导。

关键词： COVID-19     SEIHR动力学模型     临床医疗资源需求     疫苗接种    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Assessment of vaccination strategies against highly pathogenic avian influenza in China

Honglei SUN,Jinhua LIU

期刊论文

Protective efficacy of vaccination with NcMIC3 and NcMIC8 against

Taotao ZHANG, Xiao ZHANG, Qun LIU, Jianhai XU, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Host protection against Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages by prior vaccination in spring 2022 COVID-19 outbreak

期刊论文

Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Delta/Omicron variants and B cell response after inactivated vaccination

期刊论文

Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of coronavirus disease 2019-associated stroke

期刊论文

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and immunization strategies for improved control of the COVID-19 pandemic

期刊论文

Understanding risk of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination

期刊论文

tuberculosis infection among Chinese adolescents born after terminating the Bacillus Calmette--Guérin booster vaccination

null

期刊论文

Innate and adaptive T cells in influenza disease

null

期刊论文

应对新冠病毒肺炎疫情的东西方分异

Dean T Jamison, Kin Bing Wu

期刊论文

基于情景构建的中国COVID-19相关基本临床医疗资源需求评估

张婷, 王晴, 冷志伟, 杨媛, 杨津, 陈方媛, 贾萌萌, 张惺惺, 亓蔚然, 徐韵韶, 陈思雅, 戴佩希, 马礼兵, 冯录召, 杨维中

期刊论文