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Water environment security indicator system for urban water management

Tian HAO, Pengfei DU, Yun GAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 678-691 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0450-7

摘要： Water environment security (WES) is defined in terms of three aspects: first, that it meets basic demands due to industrial and domestic usage; second, that it protects public health from acute and chronic threats; and third, that measures are adopted to ensure sustainable ecological functioning of freshwater resources. Limitations associated with current water environment security indicators in China — including inefficiency in terms of environmental monitoring, inappropriate indicators and parameters that do not take sufficient account of local water characteristics, and a lack of management targets — leads to a failure of effective water management. To achieve better water environment management, a systematic approach, encompassing several steps including establish ideal indicator system and narrow down the scope, screen priority pollutants, identify local characteristics and organize discussion workshop, should be followed to establish a comprehensive water environment indicator system. A case study in Suzhou is included to demonstrate the detailed operational procedures used to assess the risks associated with poor management practices relating to water environment security as well as design an appropriate water environment security indicator system.

关键词： water environment security supervision and management monitoring parameter indicator system Suzhou

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我国水生态环境安全保障对策研究

霍守亮, 张含笑, 金小伟, 曹晓峰, 吴丰昌

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 1-7 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.001

摘要：

良好的水生态环境是实现中华民族永续发展的内在要求，是生态文明和“美丽中国”建设的重要基础。当前，我国水生态环境形势依然严峻，富营养化、饮用水源地污染、地下水与近海海域污染、新污染物、生态用水短缺等水生态环境问题未得到根本解决。本文系统解析了我国水生态环境总体形势和面临的主要问题，提出了以流域水生态环境质量改善为核心，综合考虑水质改善、水生态保护和水环境风险防控的战略思路、基本原则和战略目标，提出了包括开展重点流域“山水林田湖草沙”协同治理和整体修复科技攻关与示范、开展京津冀协同发展区水环境水生态质量整体提升科技攻关与示范、开展新时期饮用水安全保障科技攻关与示范在内的3项重大科技工程建议。为推动我国水生态环境安全保障的顺利实施，研究建议：全面系统修订《地表水环境质量标准》，强化其在水生态文明建设中的引领作用；科学评估我国湖泊氮磷营养物的时空差异，实施差异化营养物标准；科学评估我国水生态现状，深化推进水生态监测和评估；构建基于大数据融合的饮用水安全保障智慧化监管平台，保障饮用水安全。

关键词：水生态环境；生态文明；质量改善；水生态安全；饮用水安全

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面向2035年的海河流域水安全保障战略研究

朱婷婷,侯立安,童银栋,刘轶文,李宁,赵迎新,陈冠益

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 26-33 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.004

摘要：

实现海河流域水安全是“美丽中国”生态文明建设的重要组成部分、国家高质量发展的重大战略需求。本文着眼海河流域水安全保障的发展需求，分析了现阶段海河流域在水资源、水环境、水生态、水灾害方面存在的问题，基于数据模拟预测了2035年海河流域水安全发展趋势；据此提出了海河流域水安全保障的总体构思：对照“十四五”时期的治水目标，落实“有河有水、有鱼有草、人水和谐”治水方针，突出水资源承载力在水安全保障方面的重要作用，通过强化水生态保护措施来提高海河流域的水安全保障能力。从科技角度出发，提出水资源节约和高效利用新策略，保障饮用水安全并提升水治理能力，构建“人水和谐”的水生态格局并保障水生态健康，建立水灾害预测与应对机制；着重发展水资源系统调配与高效利用、水环境质量改善与综合治理、流域生态治理与修复、水灾害防控与应急等能力，高质量建成海河流域水安全保障体系。

关键词：海河流域水安全水资源水环境水生态水灾害

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京津冀区域水资源及水环境调控与安全保障策略

曹晓峰,胡承志,齐维晓,郑华,单保庆,赵勇,曲久辉

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 130-136 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.008

摘要：

京津冀的水资源短缺与水环境污染问题已经成为制约区域协同发展战略实施的重大因素。本文在综合分析京津冀区域水资源调控及水环境安全现状与挑战的基础上，提出区域水资源及水环境调控与安全保障策略：通过技术途径打造山水林田湖海水生态格局，构建水健康循环与高效利用模式，发展与水生态承载力相适应的生产生活方式，提升水环境质量与保障区域水生态健康，建立区域水环境质量协同管理体系，加强京津冀产业协同调配与污染减量化以及推进“半城市化”与农村污染治理。相关研究可为京津冀区域生态环境综合治理与国家生态文明建设提供决策支撑。

关键词：京津冀水资源与水环境调控与安全保障

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Water, energy and food interactions–Challenges and opportunities

Gustaf OLSSON

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 787-793 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0526-z

摘要： Water and energy are inextricably linked, and as a consequence both have to be addressed together. This is called the water-energy nexus. When access to either is limited, it becomes obvious that it is necessary to consider their interdependence. Population growth, climate change, urbanization, increasing living standards and food consumption will require an integrated approach where food, water and energy security are considered together. In this paper we examine water, energy and food security and their couplings. The nexus also creates conflicts between water use, energy extraction and generation as well as food production. Some of these conflicts are illustrated. It is argued that there is an urgent need for integrated planning and operation. Not only will better technology be needed, but also better integration of policies, organizations and political decisions.

关键词： water security energy security food security water-energy nexus water conflicts

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Calling systematic thinking in addressing water security issues

Jining CHEN, Pengfei DU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 625-625 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0564-6

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中国城市化进程中的可持续城市水环境系统方案 Article

于会彬, 宋永会, 常昕, 高红杰, 彭剑峰

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第2期页码 190-193 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.009

摘要：

城市化是经济发展的潜在因素，经济发展是发展社会的主要途径。随着城市化规模的扩大，城市水环境的质量可能发生恶化，并对城市化的可持续性产生负面影响。因此，必须全面了解城市水环境的功能，包括安全、资源、生态、景观、文化和经济等方面。此外，有必要对城市水环境的理论基础进行深入分析，这一基础与景观生态和低碳经济相关。本文阐述了构建城市水环境系统的主要原则（包括可持续发展、生态优先和区域差异），并提出了城市水环境系统的内容。此系统包括自然水环境、经济水环境和社会水环境。其中，自然水环境是基础，高效的经济水环境是中心，健康的社会水环境是本质。建设城市水环境离不开综合安全体系、完整的科学理论和先进的技术。

关键词：城市化城市水环境水功能安全系统

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Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security: an AUSRIVAS

Susan J. NICHOLS, Fiona J. DYER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 669-687 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0556-6

摘要： River managers in Australia are managing in the face of extremes to provide security of water supply for people, production and the environment. Balancing the water requirements of people, environments and economies requires that water security is viewed holistically, not just in terms of the water available for human consumption. Common definitions of water security focus on the needs of both humans and ecosystems for purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industrial use, and to maintain ecological values. Information about achieving water security for the environment or ecological purposes can be a challenge to interpret because the watering requirements of key ecological processes or assets are not well understood, and the links between ecological and human values are often not obvious to water users. Yet the concepts surrounding river health are inherently linked to holistic concepts of water security. The measurement of aquatic biota provides a valuable tool for managers to understand progress toward achieving ecological water security objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the reference condition approach to river health assessment, using the development of the Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS) as a case study. We make the link between the biological assessment of river health and assessment of ecological water security, and suggest that such an approach provides a way of reporting that is relevant to the contribution made by ecosystems to water security. The reference condition approach, which is the condition representative of minimally disturbed sites organized by selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, is most important for assessing ecological water security objectives.

关键词： ecological water security biological assessment river health

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On water security, sustainability, and the water-food-energy-climate nexus

Michael Bruce BECK, Rodrigo VILLARROEL WALKER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 626-639 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0548-6

摘要： The role of water security in sustainable development and in the nexus of water, food, energy and climate interactions is examined from the starting point of the definition of water security offered by Grey and Sadoff. Much about the notion of security has to do with the presumption of scarcity in the resources required to meet human needs. The treatment of scarcity in mainstream economics is in turn examined, therefore, in relation to how each of us as individuals reconciles means with ends, a procedure at the core of the idea of sustainable development. According to the Grey-Sadoff definition, attaining water security amounts to achieving basic, single-sector water development as a precursor of more general, self-sustaining, multi-sectoral development. This is consistent with the way in which water is treated as “first among equals”, i.e. privileged, in thinking about what is key in achieving security around the nexus of water, food, energy and climate. Cities, of course, are locations where demands for these multiple resource-energy flows are increasingly being generated. The paper discusses two important facets of security, i.e., diversity of access to resources and services (such as sanitation) and resilience in the behavior of coupled human-built-natural systems. Eight quasi-operational principles, by which to gauge nexus security with respect to city buildings and infrastructure, are developed.

关键词： cities as forces for good diversity energy and nutrient recovery green economy infrastructure failure resilience

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水安全问题——我们需要全球性的解决方案

Roger A. Falconer

《工程（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 13-15 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.10.009

关键词： Water security Virtual Water Climate change Role of Engineers Water Pollution Floods and Droughts

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The International Conference on the Evolution of China Urban Water Environment & Ecology, 2019

Jiuhui Qu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1179-3

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水环境恢复与城市水系统健康循环研究

张杰,李冬

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第3期页码 21-26

摘要：

研究了地球上水文循环及社会水循环的规律和互动关系，指出水环境、水资源和水循环是地球上水汽运动的统一体，剖析了当代水危机的根源,提出水环境恢复和社会用水健康循环理论及实施方略，并在多座城市水系统规划应用中取得了良好效果。

关键词：城市水环境水系统健康循环

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Atomistic understanding of interfacial processing mechanism of silicon in water environment: A ReaxFF

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 570-579 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0642-6

摘要： The interfacial wear between silicon and amorphous silica in water environment is critical in numerous applications. However, the understanding regarding the micro dynamic process is still unclear due to the limitations of apparatus. Herein, reactive force field simulations are utilized to study the interfacial process between silicon and amorphous silica in water environment, exploring the removal and damage mechanism caused by pressure, velocity, and humidity. Moreover, the reasons for high removal rate under high pressure and high velocity are elucidated from an atomic perspective. Simulation results show that the substrate is highly passivated under high humidity, and the passivation layer could alleviate the contact between the abrasive and the substrate, thus reducing the damage and wear. In addition to more Si-O-Si bridge bonds formed between the abrasive and the substrate, new removal pathways such as multibridge bonds and chain removal appear under high pressure, which cause higher removal rate and severer damage. At a higher velocity, the abrasive can induce extended tribochemical reactions and form more interfacial Si-O-Si bridge bonds, hence increasing removal rate. These results reveal the internal cause of the discrepancy in damage and removal rate under different conditions from an atomic level.

关键词： silicon ReaxFF molecular dynamics friction damage