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期刊论文 936

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我国水环境恢复工程方略

张杰,丛广治

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第8期页码 44-49

摘要：

在水环境日益恶化的今天，如何有效遏制恶化趋势，重新建立起水的健康循环，恢复良好水环境，是当前水资源可持续利用，人类永续发展的根本性问题。文章从水的自然循环和水的社会循环关系出发，论述了人类社会活动与自然界的协调发展，指出水环境恢复和维系的基础是建立健康的社会水循环。进而首次提出了系统的水环境恢复原理和方略。呼吁建立水循环科学与工程学科，为水环境恢复和维系事业提供科学依据和人才基础。从水环境角度进行各项水事工作，是恢复水环境的基本途径，也是客观实际的迫切要求。

关键词：水环境恢复水健康循环水环境科学与工程可持续利用

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A comparison of the water management systems in France and China

Xiaoliu YANG, Jian XU, Jean-Fran?ois DONZIER, Coralie NOEL

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 721-734 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0550-z

摘要： This paper compares legal systems for water management in France and China, with a focus on integrated water resources management and regarding in particular the formulation of policies and their implementation. The research shows that China has committed itself to the efficient management of water resources through the development of various policy tools during the current period. This commitment, however, has often been interrupted and distorted by politics, resulting in the neglect of socioeconomic and environmental priorities. France has developed a legislative framework and practical instruments to apply integrated water resources management at the river basin level since the 1960s. This experience and the current implementation of the European Water Framework Directive brings elements that can contribute to Chinese society meeting its water challenges.

关键词： legislation regulation water policy integrated river basin management protection of water quality water permitting

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Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmentalpolicy framework

Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 310-316 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0658-9

摘要： In this study, China’s current macro-environmental policies as well as their implementation and management tools are analyzed. By using the basic economic methodology, detailed studies are conducted focusing on the implementation effect of contemporary China’s typical environmental policy of the total pollutant discharge quantity control type, and also the two types of environmental management tools are compared from the perspective of implementation costs and policy uncertainty. By introduction of distributed management tools into the implementation of environmental policies, market-oriented means and the methods of economic analysis are introduced into environmental policy decision-making mechanisms, which could afford a new method for changing the current relatively low efficiency of environmental policy, solving the problem of “government failure” in environmental policy implementation, and providing a new way to make environmental policy system more flexible and more efficient. It is of great practical significance to solve China's current structural, complex and accumulative environmental problems.

关键词： environmental policy distributed environment policy distributed parameter model lumped parameter model

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China’s policy framework for carbon capture, utilization and storage: Review, analysis, and outlook

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 400-411 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0862-z

摘要： Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is estimated to contribute substantial CO₂ emission reduction to carbon neutrality in China. There is yet a large gap between such enormous demand and the current capacity, and thus a sound enabling environment with sufficient policy support is imperative for CCUS development. This study reviewed 59 CCUS-related policy documents issued by the Chinese government as of July 2022, and found that a supporting policy framework for CCUS is taking embryonic form in China. More than ten departments of the central government have involved CCUS in their policies, of which the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), and the Ministry of Ecological Environment (MEE) have given the greatest attention with different focuses. Specific policy terms are further analyzed following the method of content analysis and categorized into supply-, environment- and demand-type policies. The results indicate that supply-type policies are unbalanced in policy objectives, as policy terms on technology research and demonstration greatly outnumber those on other objectives, and the attention to weak links and industrial sectors is far from sufficient. Environment-type policies, especially legislations, standards, and incentives, are inadequate in pertinence and operability. Demand-type policies are absent in the current policy system but is essential to drive the demand for the CCUS technology in domestic and foreign markets. To meet the reduction demand of China’s carbon neutral goal, policies need to be tailored according to needs of each specific technology and implemented in an orderly manner with well-balanced use on multiple objectives.

关键词： carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) policy content analysis China

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北京市城乡节能节水政策中长期耦合效果分析

刘耕源,胡俊梅,杨志峰

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 120-129 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.007

摘要：

本文基于长期能源可替代规划系统模型（LEAP）与水资源评价和规划模型（WEAP）建立了城市的能水耦合模型，设立情景分析探讨北京市未来不同措施下城乡的节能/ 节水以及其耦合效果，并对结果进行敏感性分析。模型结果表明，未来北京市能源消费总量将逐年缓慢增长；按预测的供水能力则不会出现供需短缺。“十三五”期间节水政策的总节能量为1.00³×10⁶ tce，节能政策的节水量达到2.76×10⁸ m³。居民生活、服务业、建筑业、传统制造业的能源需求值与水需求值具有较好的相关性，是重要的能水耦合部门。对于不同情景不同时期的节能/ 节水效果而言，产业结构优化政策在短期可表现出较好的节能潜力；农业部门的灌溉技术革新与种植结构优化情景，在短期具有较好的节能与节水效果。对于能水节约的协同效应，其在服务业与工业部门节能情景中较明显；对于同一个部门的政策，调控用能强度的情景能水协同节约效应较明显。

关键词：北京市城乡节能节水政策耦合分析

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Translating evidence into policy in China: opportunities and challenges

Jiyao Wang, Xuejuan Jin

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 315-320 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0146-6

摘要： Research and evidence are critical for the formulation of policies and practices in support of health care. In the past two decades, the Chinese Clinical Epidemiology Network has been promoting evidence-based policy making in China. Evidence-based policy has become a major part of the government’s approach to policy making. The current article addresses the translation of evidence into health policies based on the expansion of evidence-based medicine in China. It also discusses the opportunities and challenges for certain evidence to be considered in policy making and practice in the future.

关键词： clinical epidemiology evidence-based decision making policy

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Hierarchical methodological framework to improve Policy Environmental Assessment: Based on policy layer

Yinglie ZHOU, Cunkuan BAO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 82-90 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0004-9

摘要： This study explores the current implementation challenges of the Policy Environmental Assessment (PEA), including the implementation of a far richer, more diverse (at macro level), and better understanding of PEA and integration with decision making. The results contribute to the analysis of PEA through different hierarchies of assessment. Stemming from the theory and practice of policy, a concept of PEA hierarchies is proposed including the uppermost PEA, upper-lower PEA, and lowermost PEA. Afterward, the differences of the three hierarchies are interpreted, in terms of aims, principles, processes, and methods. The evaluation of the policy environmental impacts from different lens helps solve the complexities of policies and identify opportunities for improvement of PEA.

关键词： Policy Environmental Assessment (PEA) policy hierarchy PEA hierarchy methodological framework

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Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1423-5

摘要： Single-use plastics are often used once or cannot be reused for extended periods. They are widely consumed with the rapid development of social economy. The waste generated by single-use plastics threatens ecosystem health by entering the environment and ultimately restricts sustainable human development. The innovation of sustainable and environmentally friendly single-use plastic alternative materials and the joint participation of governments, enterprises and the public are promising technologies and management approaches that can solve the problem of single-use plastics wastes. The development of single-use plastic alternative products can be promoted fundamentally only by improving relevant legislation and standards, providing differentiated industrial policies, encouraging scientific and technological innovation and expanding public participation.

关键词： Single-use plastic alternatives Policy Regulation Sustainable development

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Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation

Leslie G. FIRBANK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 81-89 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019291

摘要：

The sustainable intensification of agriculture involves providing sufficient food and other ecosystem services without going beyond the limits of the earth’s system. Here a project management approach is suggested to help guide agricultural policy to deliver these objectives. The first step is to agree measurable outcomes, integrating formal policy goals with the often much less formal and much more diverse goals of individual farmers. The second step is to assess current performance. Ideally, this will involve the use of farm-scale metrics that can feed into process models that address social and environmental domains as well as production issues that can be benchmarked and upscaled to landscape and country. Some policy goals can be delivered by supporting ad hoc interventions, while others require the redesign of the farming system. A pipeline of research, knowledge and capacity building is needed to ensure the continuous increase in farm performance. System models can help prioritise policy interventions. Formal optimization of land use is only appropriate if the policy goals are clear, and the constraints understood. In practice, the best approach may depend on the scale of action that is required, and on the amount of resource and infrastructure available to generate, implement and manage policy.

关键词： agricultural policy ecosystem services indicators of sustainable intensification knowledge exchange land use optimization

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Agriculture Green Development in China and the UK: common objectives and converging policy pathways

Yuelai LU, David NORSE, David POWLSON

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 98-105 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019298

摘要：

This paper has three aims. First, to examine how the negative environmental consequences of intensive agriculture have driven China and the UK to shift away from narrowly focused farm output policies and adopt more holistic green development pathways. Second, to explore the policy objectives they have in common. Third, to assess the numerous opportunities for joint research and knowledge sharing through the Sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network and other existing institutional mechanisms. The intensification of agricultural production in the UK started several decades earlier than in China as did the negative environmental consequences of the farm practices. However, their strategies and policies for sustainable intensification and green development have much in common. These are set out in two main documents: the Chinese State Council guidelines for green agriculture and the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 25 Year Environment Plan. There are substantial mutual advantages from greater collaboration on problem identification and monitoring; the development of appropriate technological and management responses and the formulation of sound policies. To achieve this potential, it is recommended that further thought be given to how best to bring together all of the key stakeholders along the whole food chain.

关键词： Agriculture Green Development China policy UK

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GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 268-280 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023495

摘要：

● An expert survey highlighted the most effective strategies for GHG and ammonia mitigation.

关键词： agriculture ammonia greenhouse gas mitigation net zero

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支持新能源发展的财税政策研究

魏向杰

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 67-74

摘要：

财税政策是促进新能源发展的一种重要政策手段。美国等发达国家在利用财税政策支持新能源发展方面积累了丰富经验。我国开发利用新能源的时间较短，相关财税政策尚不完善，因此需要借鉴国外有益经验，进一步健全新能源财税政策体系，促进新能源发展。

关键词：新能源；财政政策；税收政策

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New medical risks affecting obstetrics after implementation of the two-child policy in China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 570-575 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0552-5

摘要：

China recently instituted a two-child policy in response to its aging population, declining workforce and demographic dividend, and the need to develop asocial economy. Additionally, women generally delay having a second child because of the overwhelming pressure in their lives. With the improvements in assisted fertility technologies in recent years, the number of elderly women attempting to bear children has increased. The quality of woman’s eggs and a man’s sperm declined dramatically with increasing age, leading to an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications among older women. Therefore, the types of fertility problems experienced by elderly females must be provided with considerable attention by obstetricians. This commentary article focuses on the medical problems faced by older second-child pregnant women. This work discusses their increased rates of infertility, spontaneous abortion, fetal malformation, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum depression, and hypertensive disorders, which complicate pregnancy.

关键词： two-child policy birth defects cesarean delivery placenta previa