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Urban watershed management under rapid urbanization

Pengfei DU, Haifeng JIA, Shaw L. YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 595-595 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0452-5

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System engineering for water pollution control at the watershed level in China

Wei MENG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 443-452 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0037-0

摘要： The present water pollution situation at watershed level in China has been systematically analyzed. The causes of water pollution are attributed to the extensive economic developmental pattern, poor wastewater treatment, and a lack of nonpoint pollution control. The problems of water pollution control at watershed level include a lack of thought and approach, developmental delay in the environmental standard system, an inadequate monitoring ability, and an inefficient implementation of laws and regulations. From 2006 to 2020, water pollution control and governance will be a national key specific project of science and technology in China. The strategies of this project include establishing a water pollution control system at watershed level, orienting a healthy aquatic ecosystem, conducting risk management, and using comprehensive methods. The goal is to establish and complete a technological system of pollution control and management in three five-year phases. The main tasks are to develop common technologies, management systems, and mechanisms for lake eutrophication control, river pollution control, urban water environmental pollution control, potable water safety, and water environmental management. The bottlenecks of water pollution control and management in China could be systematically removed, and the demonstration of the system engineering approach will be conducted at selected key watersheds.

关键词： water pollution control watershed system engineering sustainability integrated watershed management key specific project of science and technology

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ATTRIBUTES UNDER DIFFERENT AGROECOSYSTEMS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE IN THE CHOKE MOUNTAIN WATERSHED RESEARCH ARTICLE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2024年第11卷第2期页码 303-313 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023502

摘要：

Awareness of how soil properties vary over agroecosystems (AES) is essential for understanding soil potentials and improving site-specific agricultural management strategies for a sustainable ecosystem. This study examined the characteristics of soil quality attributes and implications for agriculture in the Choke Mountain watershed in Ethiopia. Forty-seven composite soil samples (0–20 cm deep) were collected from lowland and valley fragmented (AES 1), midland plain with black soil (AES 2), midland plain with brown soil (AES 3), sloppy midland land (AES 4), and hilly and mountainous highlands (AES 5). Ten of 15 soil quality properties were significant (P < 0.05 or 0.01), including silt, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, percent base saturation, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorous (P) across the five AES. However, all properties were variable with coefficients of variation from 7% (total porosity) to 169% (available P) across the AES. Although AES 2 and 3 are affected by waterlogging and acidity, these two have better prospects for agriculture, but AES 1, 4, and 5 are unsuitable for agriculture because of soil erosion. Therefore, appropriate and applicable soil management strategies, particularly lime application and organic fertilizer, are fundamental to reversing soil acidity and improving soil fertility.

关键词： agroecosystem Choke Mountain watershed coefficients of variation Ethiopia soil quality indicator

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流域生态学及其应用

杨志峰

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第5期页码 582-583 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.08.010

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An approach to calculating allowable watershed pollutant loads

Yu GUO, Haifeng JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 658-671 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0446-3

摘要： To improve the management of discharge pollutants loads in the reservoirs’ watershed, an approach of the allowable pollutants loads calculation and its allocation, based on the water environment model, was proposed. Establishment of the approach framework was described at first. Under the guidance of this framework, two major steps were as follows: modeling and scenario analysis were involved and should be applied to support the decision of discharge loads management; Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) model was selected as the kernel model in this framework. In modeling step, spatial discretization for establishing cell map in model, data preprocessing, parameter calibration and uncertainty analysis (which is considered as the significantly relevant factor of the margin of safety (MOS)), were conducted. As a result of the research, the model-based approach presented as a combination of estimation and precise calculation, which contributed to scenario analysis step. Some integrated modules, such as scenario simulation, result analysis and plan optimization were implemented as cycles in the scenario analysis. Finally, allowable pollutant loads under various conditions were calculated. The Chaihe Reservoir in Liaoning Province, China was used as a case study for an application of the approach described above. Results of the Chaihe reservoir water quality simulation, show good agreement with field data and demonstrated that the approach used in the present study provide an efficient and appropriate methodology for pollutant load allocation.

关键词： Source water protection watershed management pollutants load allocation Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) modeling margin of safety statistical analysis

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Climate change and sandy land development in Qinghai Lake Watershed, China

SUN Yongliang, LI Xiaoyan, LIU Lianyou, XU Heye, ZHANG Dengshan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 340-348 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0045-5

摘要： The Qinghai Lake Watershed, containing the largest saline lake in northwest of China, has suffered from severe sandy land development in recent years. This paper analyzes its daily precipitation, temperature, and wind from 1958 to 2001, and the spatial and temporal distributions of sandy land through the interpretation of remote sensing images covering four years (1977, 1987, 2000, and 2004). Results showed that since the middle of the 1960s, the daily precipitation () of 0 < ≤ 5 mm decreased, while the > 20 mm increased significantly ( < 0.05) in their annual total amounts and days. The maximum daily precipitation also increased significantly. Both the maximum dry spell and the total dry spell of more than ten days had a significant upward trend. Since the beginning of the 1960s, all the extremely high, extremely low and mean temperatures increased significantly ( < 0.01), at a rate of 0.1°C/10a, 0.2°C/10a, and 0.2°C/10a, respectively. The days with extremely high temperature had a significant upward trend, while the days with extremely low temperature had a significant downward trend. The Qinghai Lake was significantly shrinking ( < 0.01) and provided abundant sediments for Aeolian erosion. The NNW wind prevailed in the watershed, and the largest scale wind was from the west and concentrated on the dry months. As a result, the sandy land was mainly born on the east bank of Qinghai Lake. The total sandy land area in the watershed had grown from 587.4 km, 660.7 km, 697.6 km to 805.8 km, accordingly, its area percentage growing from 2.0%, 2.2%, 2.4% to 2.7%, respectively.

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River Chief System (RCS): An experiment on cross-sectoral coordination of watershed governance

Longfei Wang, Jiaxin Tong, Yi Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1157-9

摘要：

The trans-regional characteristics of watershed governance produce more problems beyond the capacity of each individual water-related department, leading to the fragmentation of watershed management. The River Chief System (RCS) has experienced swift developments over the past decade in China by appointing the local government heads as river chiefs. RCS works efficiently in the short-term due to its superiority in the inclusion of clear responsibility, authority, and multi-sectoral collaboration. However, the characteristics of the authority-based vertical coordination of the hierarchical system remain unchanged, and therefore the problems of organizational logic and the responsibility dilemma still exist. Tasks including perfecting of laws, integrated watershed management, and public participation still need to be completed. RCS reflects the routine and characteristics of the migration of national governance, and as such provides new insights for other developing countries in the design of river management systems.

关键词： River Chief System Watershed governance Cross-sectoral coordination Environmental protection

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流域水生态承载力理论与优化调控模型方法

彭文启

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第3期页码 33-43

摘要：

流域管理正在从环境及资源的单一要素管理向流域水生态系统综合管理转变，流域水生态承载力是流域水生态系统综合管理的基本理论。针对流域水生态完整性保护管理需求，建立了流域水生态承载力概念模型，提出了流域水生态承载力概念，揭示其“分区、分期”属性和“量、质、序”递进综合约束作用等基本内涵，通过分析其优化调控特性及优化调控关键变量，建立了流域水生态承载力分区耦合概念模型，形成了基于系统动力学方法的流域水生态承载力分区分期耦合模型方法，并以辽河太子河流域为例，进行了实例应用。

关键词：流域水生态承载力优化调控模型

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Control division of agricultural non-point source pollution at medium-sized watershed scale in Southeast

HUANG Jinliang, HONG Huasheng, ZHANG Luoping

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 333-339 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0035-7

摘要： This paper presents the study carried out for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution (NSP) in a medium-sized watershed covering 1.47 × 10 km in Southeast China using quantitative analysis coupled with geographic information system (GIS), universal soil loss equation (USLE), soil conservation service-curve number (SCS-CN), nutrient loss equations, and annualized agricultural nonpoint source model (AnnAGNPS). Based on the quantitative results derived from GIS and environmental models, five control division units were generated for NSP control in Jiulong River watershed, namely, controlling unit for soil losses, controlling unit for livestock breeding and soil losses, controlling unit for excessive fertilizer use and livestock breeding, controlling unit for soil losses and fertilizer use, and controlling unit for excessive fertilizer use and soil losses. This study proved that integrating GIS with environmental models can be adopted to efficiently evaluate major sources and contributors of NSP, and identify the critical source areas of NSP, which enables adjusting measures to local conditions by further control division units developed through such study for control and management of water quality degradation induced by NSP in the Jiulong River watershed.

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Water environmental planning and management at the watershed scale: A case study of Lake Qilu, China

HUANG Kai, GUO Huaicheng, LIU Yong, ZHOU Feng, YU Yajuan, WANG Zhen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 157-162 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0011-2

摘要： Water environmental planning and management has become essential for guiding the water pollution control activities. Past water pollution control activities have been site specific, with little thought on water quality standard reaching at the watershed scale. Based on the watershed approach, a seven-step methodological framework for water environmental planning and management was developed. The framework was applied to water environmental planning and management of the Lake Qilu watershed in Yunnan Province, China. Results show that the reduction amount of total nitrogen (TN) under the plan is 1,205 tons per year so that the target of environmental capacity can be reached in 2020. Compared with traditional methods, the framework has its prevalence and could be generalized to analogous watersheds.

关键词： Province environmental planning management traditional watershed approach

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Watershed"> to "Dynamic Modeling Framework of Sediment Trapped by Check-Dam Networks: A Case Study of a Typical Watershed Corrigendum

Pengcheng Sun, Yiping Wu

《工程（英文）》 2024年第37卷第6期页码 248-248 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.010

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Phenanthrene sorption to environmental black carbon in sediments from the Song-Liao watershed (China)

Jinghuan ZHANG, Mengchang HE, Chunye LIN, Ke SUN, Bin MEN, John L. ZHOU,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 434-442 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0150-0

摘要： Black carbon (BC) in ten contaminated sediments from the Song-Liao watershed, NE China, was isolated upon treatments using a combustion method at 375°C, and the isolates’ sorption isotherms for phenanthrene (Phen) were determined. All sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fitted well by the Freundlich model. A negative relation was found between Freundlich sorption nonlinearity parameter ( values) and BC/total organic carbon (TOC) content of the original sediments (=0.687, <0.01), indicating the dominance of BC in Phen sorption nonlinearity. The BC isolates from this industrialized region had values of 0.342 to 0.505 and log values of 6.02 to 6.42(μg·kg·OC)/(μg·L) for Phen. At a given , the BC had higher value than the original sediments, revealing a higher sorption capacity for BC. BC was responsible for 50.0% to 87.3% of the total sorption at =0.05 , clearly indicating the dominance of BC particles in overall sorption of Phen by sediments.

关键词： phenanthrene sorption black carbon sediment Song-Liao watershed

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A refined risk explicit interval linear programming approach for optimal watershed load reduction with

Pingjian YANG,Feifei DONG,Yong LIU,Rui ZOU,Xing CHEN,Huaicheng GUO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 129-140 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0683-8

摘要： To enhance the effectiveness of watershed load reduction decision making, the Risk Explicit Interval Linear Programming (REILP) approach was developed in previous studies to address decision risks and system returns. However, REILP lacks the capability to analyze the tradeoff between risks in the objective function and constraints. Therefore, a refined REILP model is proposed in this study to further enhance the decision support capability of the REILP approach for optimal watershed load reduction. By introducing a tradeoff factor ( ) into the total risk function, the refined REILP can lead to different compromises between risks associated with the objective functions and the constraints. The proposed model was illustrated using a case study that deals with uncertainty-based optimal load reduction decision making for Lake Qionghai Watershed, China. A risk tradeoff curve with different values of was presented to decision makers as a more flexible platform to support decision formulation. The results of the standard and refined REILP model were compared under 11 aspiration levels. The results demonstrate that, by applying the refined REILP, it is possible to obtain solutions that preserve the same constraint risk as that in the standard REILP but with lower objective risk, which can provide more effective guidance for decision makers.

关键词： refined risk explicit interval linear programming decision making objective-constraint uncertainty tradeoff aspiration level Lake Qionghai Watershed

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to ‘‘A Comparison of SWAT Model Calibration Techniques for Hydrological Modeling in the Ganga River Watershed Corrigendum

Nikita Shivhare, Prabhat Kumar Singh Dikshit, Shyam Bihari

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第1期页码 181-181 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.009

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微水头资源开发与发电装置研究现状及趋势

张玉全,郑源,孙科,杨春霞,罗红英

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第3期页码 90-95 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.013

摘要：

我国水能资源丰富，开发水力发电技术是增加可再生能源供应、优化能源结构、缓解环境问题的优先选择。本文着眼于我国丰富的微水头资源，梳理河流、运河、水库、电厂尾水、管道供水、城市废水、海洋新能源等微水头资源需求和应用特点，总结适合开阔流域和封闭流域特点的两型微水头水力发电水轮机，对形成动势能结合型微水头水轮机设计方法和研究其流动特征和机理提供基础。介绍了微水头资源评估和水力发电水轮机研究的趋势，并对今后研究方向提出了建议。

关键词：微水头资源水力发电水轮机开阔流域封闭流域