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interfacial polymerization on the performance of nanofiltration membranes for desalination, organic, and micropollutants

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第12期页码 2025-2036 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2356-2

摘要： Chemistry of the polyamide active layer of a desalination membrane is critical in determining both its physical and chemical properties. In this study, we designed and fabricated three novel membranes with different active layers using the crosslinkers: terephthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride, and trimesoyl chloride. The crosslinkers were reacted with an aqueous solution of an aliphatic tetra-amine. Because these crosslinkers differ in their structures and crosslinking mechanisms during interfacial polymerization, the resultant membranes also possess different structural properties. The water contact angle of the fabricated membranes also varies; the water contact angles of 4A-3P-TPC@PSF/PET, 4A-3P-TMC@PSF/PET, and 4A-3P-IPC@PSF/PET, are 68.9°, 65.6°, and 53.9°, respectively. Similarly, the desalination performance of resultant membranes also showed variations, with 4A-3P-TPC@PSF/PET, 4A-3P-IPC@PSF/PET, and 4A-3P-TMC@PSF/PET having a permeate flux of 17.14, 25.70, and 30.90 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹, respectively, at 2.5 MPa. The 4A-3P-TPC@PSF/PET membrane exhibited extensive crosslinking with aliphatic linear amine, and cationic dye rhodamine B, MgCl₂, and amitriptyline rejection rates of 98.6%, 92.7% and 80.9%, respectively. The 4A-3P-TMC@PSF/PET membrane showed mediocre performance, while 4A-3P-IPC@PSF/PET membrane showed even lower performance, with a 35% rejection of methyl orange dye.

关键词： acid chlorides covalent crosslinking desalination linear aliphatic amine micropollutant removal thin film composite membranes

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Application of permanganate in the oxidation of micropollutants: a mini review

Xiaohong GUAN, Di HE, Jun MA, Guanghao CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 405-413 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0252-8

摘要： As a green oxidant, permanganate has received considerable attention for the removal of micropollutants in drinking water treatment. To provide a better understanding of the oxidation of organic micropollutants with permanganate, the oxidation kinetics of 32 micropollutants were compiled. The pollutants include algal toxins, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and pharmaceuticals. The oxidation kinetics of micropollutants by permanganate were found to be first order with respect to both contaminant and permanganate concentrations from which second-order rate constants ( ″) were obtained. Permanganate oxidized the heterocyclic aromatics with vinyl moiety (i.e., microcystins, carbamazepine, and dichlorvos) by the addition of double bonds. For the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with alkyl groups, permanganate attacked the benzylic C-H through abstraction of hydrogen. The mechanism for the oxidation of phenolic EDCs by permanganate was a single electron transfer and aromatic ring cleavage. The presence of background matrices could enhance the oxidation of some phenolic EDCs by permanganate, including phenol, chlorinated phenols, bisphenol A, and trichlosan. The toxicity of dichlorvos solution increased after permanganate oxidation, and the estrogenic activity of bisphnol A/estrone increased significantly at the beginning of permanganate oxidation. Therefore, the toxicity of degradation products or intermediates should be determined in the permanganate oxidation processes to better evaluate the applicability of permanganate. The influence of background ions on the permanganate oxidation process is far from clear and should be elucidated in the future studies to better predict the performance of permanganate oxidation of micropollutants. Moreover, methods should be employed to catalyze the permanganate oxidation process to achieve better removal of micropollutants.

关键词： pharmaceuticals endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) algal toxins permanganate oxidation

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the electron transfer mechanisms of permanganate activation by carbon nanotube membrane for enhanced micropollutants

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1706-0

摘要：

● A CNT filter enabled effective KMnO₄ activation via facilitated electron transfer.

关键词： KMnO₄ Carbon nanotubes Non-radical pathway Electron transfer Water treatment

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Nanofiltration for drinking water treatment: a review

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 681-698 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2103-5

摘要： In recent decades, nanofiltration (NF) is considered as a promising separation technique to produce drinking water from different types of water source. In this paper, we comprehensively reviewed the progress of NF-based drinking water treatment, through summarizing the development of materials/fabrication and applications of NF membranes in various scenarios including surface water treatment, groundwater treatment, water reuse, brackish water treatment, and point of use applications. We not only summarized the removal of target major pollutants (e.g., hardness, pathogen, and natural organic matter), but also paid attention to the removal of micropollutants of major concern (e.g., disinfection byproducts, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and arsenic). We highlighted that, for different applications, fit-for-purpose design is needed to improve the separation capability for target compounds of NF membranes in addition to their removal of salts. Outlook and perspectives on membrane fouling control, chlorine resistance, integrity, and selectivity are also discussed to provide potential insights for future development of high-efficiency NF membranes for stable and reliable drinking water treatment.

关键词： nanofiltration drinking water disinfection byproducts micropollutants selectivity

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Preparation of a permanent magnetic hypercrosslinked resin and assessment of its ability to remove organic micropollutants

Wei WANG,Yan MA,Qing ZHOU,Chendong SHUANG,Mancheng ZHANG,Aimin LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 96-104 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0724-3

摘要： A rapid and effective method based on a novel permanent magnetic hypercrosslinked resin W150 was proposed for the removal of organic micropollutants in drinking water. W150 was prepared by suspension and post-crosslinking reaction and found to possess a high specific surface area of 1149.7 m ·g , a small particle size of 50 μm to 100 μm, and a saturation magnetization as high as 8 emu·g . W150 was used to eliminate nitrofurazone (NFZ) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from drinking water compared with commercial adsorbents XAD-4 and F400D. The adsorption kinetics of NFZ and OTC onto the three adsorbents well fitted the pseudo-second-order equation ( >0.972), and the adsorption isotherms were all well described by the Freundlich equation ( >0.851). Results showed that the reduction in adsorbent size and the enlargement in sorbent pores both accelerated adsorption. Moreover, the effect of particle size on adsorption was more significant than that of pore width. Given that the smallest particle size and the highest specific surface area were possessed by W150, it had the fastest adsorption kinetics and largest adsorption capacity for NFZ (180 mg·g ) and OTC (200 mg·g ). For the adsorbents with dominant micropores, the sorption of large-sized adsorbates decreased because of the inaccessible micropores. The solution pH and ionic strength also influenced adsorption.

关键词： permanent magnetic resin organic micropollutant pore size molecular size adsorption

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Effectiveness of tertiary treatment processes in removing different classes of emerging contaminants from domestic wastewater

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1583-y

摘要：

● Different advanced treatment processes were tested for ECs removal from wastewater.

关键词： Micropollutants Wastewater PAC Membranes UV Tertiary treatment

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流体电化学靶向诱生硫酸根自由基降解水中微污染物 Article

郑文天, 尤世界, 姚远, 任南琪, 丁彬, 李方, 刘艳彪

《工程（英文）》 2023年第30卷第11期页码 144-152 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.12.005

摘要：

水中微污染物的深度去除是环境工程领域的重大挑战。受限于低浓度和高毒性等污染特征，传统水处理策略难以实现这类污染物的有效去除。基于此，本文提出了流体电化学靶向诱生硫酸根自由基（SO₄^•–）的研究设想，通过构筑穿透式电化学反应系统，实现了阳极将硫酸根离子（SO₄²⁻）氧化生成过硫酸根（S₂O₈²⁻），再通过阴极还原反应将S₂O₈²⁻转化为SO₄^•–。开展了流体电化学系统构造原理、硫酸根自由基靶向生成机制和微污染物降解机理等相关研究。结果表明，在最优实验条件下，该系统可在单次流模式下实现苯胺的高效降解（100%）和总有机碳的有效去除（65.0%）。该系统在宽pH值范围内和复杂水基质条件下均能实现多种微污染物的有效去除。本工作基于“以废治废”理念，结合了膜分离和电化学的技术优势，有望为水中微污染物的深度去除提供一种潜在可行的技术选择。

关键词：高级氧化链式反应硫酸根离子微污染物流动电化学

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Impacts of backwashing on micropollutant removal and associated microbial assembly processes in sand filters

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1634-z

摘要：

● Backwashing in sand filters with 2-h and 4-h EBCTs was simulated.

关键词： Sand filter Backwashing Recovery Micropollutants Community composition

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新冠病毒肺炎第一波疫情大流行期间和之后（2019—2021年）合并症和心理冲击对武汉地表水中微量有机污染物的影响 Article

赵健, 康瑾, 曹晓峰, 边睿, 刘刚, 胡胜超, 吴兴华, 李翀, 王殿常, 齐维晓, 黄存瑞, 刘会娟, 曲久辉

《工程（英文）》 2024年第37卷第6期页码 40-48 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.020

摘要：

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的首波大流行导致地表水中几种抗病毒药物和抗生素的浓度明显增加。COVID-19常见症状涉及病毒和细菌感染，而合并症（如高血压和糖尿病）以及心理冲击（如失眠和焦虑）也十分引人关注。然而，人们对合并症和心理冲击对地表水中微量有机污染物（OMPs）的长期影响知之甚少。因此，我们在2019年至2021年期间对中国武汉地表水和污水处理厂（WWTPs）进行了检测，分析了114种OMPs。结果显示26种OMPs的浓度明显升高，进一步确认了COVID-19大流行会导致地表水OMPs污染。4种降压药和1种糖尿病药物的浓度显著增加，表明合并症的治疗可能会诱发OMPs污染。特别值得注意的是，可替宁（尼古丁的代谢物）的浓度增加了155倍，达到187 ng·L⁻¹，可能与吸烟增加有关。此外，唑吡坦和舒必利的增加可能与失眠和抑郁等症状的增加有关。因此，保护心理健康的药物/行为也是造成OMPs污染的原因之一。在观察到的OMPs中，替米沙坦、洛匹那韦和利托那韦因其较低的WWTPs去除率和较高的生态毒性而具有显著较高的生态风险。这项研究为了解COVID-19大流行期间合并症和心理冲击对地表水中OMPs的影响提供了新视角，并强调了监测相关药物在水生环境中的归宿以及提高WWTPs去除率的必要性。

关键词：新型冠状病毒肺炎合并症心理冲击微量污染物地表水