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LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 432-446 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021403

摘要:

Intercropping increases crop yields by optimizing light interception and/or use efficiency. Although intercropping combinations and metrics have been reported, the effects of plant density on light use are not well documented. Here, we examined the light interception and use efficiency in maize-peanut intercropping with different maize plant densities in two row configurations in semiarid dryland agriculture over a two-year period. The field experiment comprised four cropping systems, i.e. monocropped maize, monocropped peanut, maize-peanut intercropping with two rows of maize and four rows of peanut, intercropping with four rows of maize and four rows of peanut, and three maize plant densities (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 plants m−1 row) in both monocropped and intercropping maize. The mean total light interception in intercropping across years and densities was 779 MJ·m−2, 5.5% higher than in monocropped peanut (737 MJ·m−2) and 7.6% lower than in monocropped maize (843 MJ·m−2). Increasing maize density increased light interception in monocropped maize but did not affect the total light interception in the intercrops. Across years the LUE of maize was 2.9 g·MJ−1 and was not affected by cropping system but increased with maize plant density. The LUE of peanut was enhanced in intercropping, especially in a wetter year. The yield advantage of maize-peanut intercropping resulted mainly from the LUE of peanut. These results will help to optimize agronomic management and system design and provide evidence for system level light use efficiency in intercropping.

 

关键词: dryland agriculture     light interception     light use efficiency     maize-peanut intercropping     semiarid    

Decontamination efficiency and root structure change in the plant-intercropping model in vertical-flow

Yonghua CHEN, Xiaofu WU, Mingli CHEN, Kelin LI, Jing PENG, Peng ZHAN

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 906-912 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0579-z

摘要: Subtropical climatic conditions can contribute to the death of the aerial parts of constructed wetland plants in winter. This presents a barrier to the widespread application of constructed wetland and is an issue that urgently needs to be solved. Three contrasting experiments, the plant-intercropping model (A), the warm-seasonal plant model (B), and the non-plant model (C), were studied in terms of their efficiency in removing pollutants, and the change in root structure of plants in the plant-intercropping model within the vertical-flow constructed wetlands. The results indicate that model A was able to solve the aforementioned problem. Overall, average removal rates of three pollutants (COD , total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP)) using model A were significantly higher than those obtained using models B and C ( <0.01). Moreover, no significant differences in removal rates of the three pollutants were detected between A and B during the higher temperature part of the year ( >0.05). Conversely, removal rates of the three pollutants were found to be significantly higher using model A than those observed using model B during the lower temperature part of the year ( <0.01). Furthermore, the morphologies and internal structures of plant roots further demonstrate that numerous white roots, whose distribution in soil was generally shallow, extend further under model A. The roots of these aquatic plants have an aerenchyma structure composed of parenchyma cells, therefore, roots of the cold-seasonal plants with major growth advantages used in A were capable of creating a more favorable vertical-flow constructed wetlands media-microenvironment. In conclusion, the plant-intercropping model (A) is more suitable for use in the cold environment experienced by constructed wetland during winter.

关键词: vertical-flow constructed wetlands     plant intercropping model     warm seasonal plant model    

deoxymugineic acid, a phytosiderophore analog, drives beneficial rhizobacterial community formation to promote peanut

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023531

摘要:

● Proline-2′-deoxymugineic (PDMA) significantly altered the bacterial community in the peanut rhizosphere.

关键词: Beneficial rhizobacteria recruitment     peanut     plant-soil micronutrition enhancement     proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid     stable microbial network    

论加快我国花生产业发展策略

白选杰

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第2期   页码 19-24

摘要:

我国花生产业在种植分布、经济效益、市场潜力方面具有明显优势,同时在政策支持、科技支持、 专业化生产、食品安全、深层次加工方面存在不少问题。加快我国花生产业发展的主要措施是:加大政策支持 力度,搞好生产规划,加强花生科研,发展专业化种植,加强安全生产,搞好产供销衔接工作,把花生深加工 放在重要地位。

关键词: 中国     花生     产业化     经营     策略    

Achieving food security and high production of bioenergy crops through intercropping with efficient resource

Yuanmei ZUO,Zhenjiao ZHANG,Caihong LIU,Weina ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 134-143 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015069

摘要: With high rates of food and nonrenewable fossil fuel consumption worldwide, we are facing great challenges in ensuring food and energy security to satisfy the world population. Intercropping, as an important and sustainable cropping practice in agroecosystems, has been widely practiced around the world. Many studies have shown that some plants can deliver high yields when intercropped with other plants. Here, we review the biological mechanisms in improving resource utilization efficiency and illustrate the practical application of intercropping in ensuring food and energy security through improving production. Identifying suitable energy plants for marginal land, land not suitable for food crops growth, is an effective strategy to acquire high production of bioenergy, thus removing competition between the use of land for food and energy. The effective application of intercropping provides a potential pathway for production of food crops and energy plants by improving resource use efficiency and resistance to environmental stress.

关键词: intercropping     food security     energy security     high production     marginal land    

Phytate and phosphorus utilization by broiler chickens and laying hens fed maize-based diets

Qiugang MA, Markus RODEHUTSCORD, Moritz NOVOTNY, Lan LI, Luqing YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 380-387 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019276

摘要:

Maize grain is primarily used as an energy source for poultry and other animals. Maize has relatively high phytate-P content and very low intrinsic phytase activity. Given that feed phosphates are produced from finite rock phosphate resources, a reduction in the use of feed phosphates in maize-based diets by increasing the utilization of plant P sources by animals is necessary to make poultry meat and egg production more sustainable. The utilization of P by poultry is affected by two intrinsic characteristics of maize: the concentration of inositol phosphates and the activity of the intrinsic phytase of the grain in the digestive tract. The objective of this review is to present data on the variation that exists in composition of maize relevant for P use and to address factors that influence P utilization in maize-based diets of poultry. Broiler chickens and laying hens have the potential to degrade phytate in the gastrointestinal tract, but this is depressed by high dietary Ca and P concentrations. Published values of phytate degradation in broilers are overall higher than those in laying hens. Differences also exist between broiler chickens and growing turkeys and Pekin ducks. The exogenous supplementation of microbial phytases and the introduction of transgenic high phytase maize in poultry diets are efficient not only for the improvement of phytate-P digestibility, production performance, egg quality and bone mineralization, but also for the reduction of P excreta to control environmental impact.

关键词: broiler     ducks     high phytase maize     laying hens     low phytate maize     phytase     turkeys    

INTERCROPPING: FEED MORE PEOPLE AND BUILD MORE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 373-386 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021398

摘要:

Intercropping is a traditional farming system that increases crop diversity to strengthen agroecosystem functions while decreasing chemical inputs and minimizing negative environmental effects of crop production. Intercropping is currently considerable interest because of its importance in sustainable agriculture. Here, we synthesize the factors that make intercropping a sustainable means of food production by integrating biodiversity of natural ecosystems and crop diversity. In addition to well-known yield increases, intercropping can also increase yield stability over the long term and increase systemic resistance to plant diseases, pests and other unfavorable factors (e.g. nutrient deficiencies). The efficient use of resources can save mineral fertilizer inputs, reduce environmental pollution risks and greenhouse gas emissions caused by agriculture, thus mitigating global climate change. Intercropping potentially increases above- and below-ground biodiversity of various taxa at field scale, consequently it enhances ecosystem services. Complementarity and selection effects allow a better understanding the mechanisms behind enhanced ecosystem functioning. The development of mechanization is essential for large-scale application of intercropping. Agroecosystem multifunctionality and soil health should be priority topics in future research on intercropping.

 

关键词: agroecosystems , crop diversity ,intercropping,interspecific interactions,sustainable agriculture    

Effectiveness of ten commercial maize cultivars in inducing Egyptian broomrape germination

Xiaoxin YE,Jinnan JIA,Yongqing MA,Yu AN,Shuqi DONG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 137-146 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016098

摘要: Egyptian broomrape (EB), , is a devastating root parasite, causing enormous crop losses around the world. Maize has the potential to influence the growth of other plants through releasing certain allelochemicals and is able to induce germination of at least three broomrape species. To determine whether maize could be used as a trap crop for EB, 10 maize cultivars were tested for their ability to induce EB germination. The results showed that maize cultivars can induce EB germination, and that germination rates in a cut-root experiment and a hydroponic experiment were consistent. Maize cvs Changcheng 799 and Zhengdan 958 induced the highest EB germination rates, while cvs Luyu 13 and Zhengyu 203 were the least effective. These four maize cultivars were further studied in a pot experiment. Rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil extracts, root extracts and shoot extracts from these cultivars were all able to induce EB germination, with cv. Changcheng 799 inducing the highest germination rates. Root extracts generally induced higher germination rates than shoot extracts. It is suggested that Changcheng 799 could be planted as a trap crop for control of EB.

关键词: allelopathy     Egyptian broomrape     maize     seed germination     trap crop    

Modeling water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum applied to maize growth under plastic

Meng DUAN, Jin XIE, Xiaomin MAO

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 144-161 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019258

摘要:

Based on our previous work modeling crop growth (CropSPAC) and water and heat transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), the model was improved by considering the effect of plastic film mulching applied to field-grown maize in North-west China. In CropSPAC, a single layer canopy model and a multi-layer soil model were adopted to simulate the energy partition between the canopy and water and heat transfer in the soil, respectively. The maize growth module included photosynthesis, growth stage calculation, biomass accumulation, and participation. The CropSPAC model coupled the maize growth module and SPAC water and heat transfer module through leaf area index (LAI), plant height and soil moisture condition in the root zone. The LAI and plant height were calculated from the maize growth module and used as input for the SPAC water and heat transfer module, and the SPAC module output for soil water stress conditions used as an input for maize growth module. We used , the representation of evaporation resistance, instead of the commonly used evaporation resistance to reflect the change of latent heat flux of soil evaporation under film mulching as well as the induced change in energy partition. The model was tested in a maize field at Yingke irrigation area in North-west China. Results showed reasonable agreement between the simulations and measurements of LAI, above-ground biomass and soil water content. Compared with the original model, the modified model was more reliable for maize growth simulation under film mulching and showed better accuracy for the LAI (with the coefficient of determination = 0.92, the root mean square of error RMSE= 1.23, and the Nush-Suttclife efficiency E = 0.87), the above-ground biomass (with = 0.96, RMSE= 7.17 t·ha and E = 0.95) and the soil water content in 0–1 m soil layer (with = 0.78, RMSE= 49.44 mm and E = 0.26). Scenarios were considered to simulate the influence of future climate change and film mulching on crop growth, soil water and heat conditions, and crop yield. The simulations indicated that the change of LAI, leaf biomass and yield are negatively correlated with temperature change, but the growing degree-days, evaporation, soil water content and soil temperature are positively correlated with temperature change. With an increase in the ratio of film mulching area, the evaporation will decrease, while the impact of film mulching on crop transpiration is not significant. In general, film mulching is effective in saving water, preserving soil moisture, increasing soil surface temperature, shortening the potential growth period, and increasing the potential yield of maize.

关键词: film mulching     growth stage     leaf area index     maize growth     water and heat transfer    

Quantitative analysis of yield and soil water balance for summer maize on the piedmont of the North China

Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 295-310 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015074

摘要: The North China Plain (NCP) is a major grain production area in China, but the current winter wheat-summer maize system has resulted in a large water deficit. This water-shortage necessitates the improvement of crop water productivity in the NCP. A crop water model, AquaCrop, was adopted to investigate yield and water productivity (WP) for rain-fed summer maize on the piedmont of the NCP. The data sets to calibrate and validate the model were obtained from a 3-year (2011–2013) field experiment conducted on the Yanshan piedmont of the NCP. The range of root mean square error (RMSE) between the simulated and measured biomass was 0.67–1.25 t·hm , and that of relative error (RE) was 9.4%–15.4%, the coefficient of determination ( ) ranged from 0.992 to 0.994. The RMSE between the simulated and measured soil water storage at depth of 0–100 cm ranged from 4.09 to 4.39 mm; and RE and in the range of 1.07%–1.20% and 0.880–0.997, respectively. The WP as measured by crop yield per unit evapotranspiration was 2.50–2.66 kg·m . The simulated impact of long-term climate (i.e., 1980–2010) and groundwater depth on crop yield and WP revealed that the higher yield and WP could be obtained in dry years in areas with capillary recharge from groundwater, and much lower values elsewhere. The simulation also suggested that supplementary irrigation in areas without capillary groundwater would not result in groundwater over-tapping since the precipitation can meet the water required by both maize and ecosystem, thus a beneficial outcome for both food and ecosystem security can be assured.

关键词: AquaCrop     summer maize     soil water balance     water productivity    

Analysis of differential expression of genes induced by ethephon in elongating internodes of maize plants

Xiaoyi WEI,Weiqiang ZHANG,Qian ZHANG,Pei SUN,Zhaohu LI,Mingcai ZHANG,Jianmin LI,Liusheng DUAN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第3期   页码 263-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016103

摘要: Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are commonly used in cereal cropping systems to restrict plant height and control lodging. Ethephon has been reported to shorten internodes and increase grain yield of maize. To analyze the transcriptomic profiles of maize internode elongation following ethephon treatment, differentially expressed genes were compared between the treatment and control samples of inbred line Zong 31 using the Affymetrix Maize Genome Array. According to the microarray data, 326 probe sets showed significant change in expression. Further research revealed that the most remarkable effects of ethephon on maize internodes elongation occurred during a 48 h period, when 89 differentially expressed genes were detected. There were dramatic change in transcript levels at 24 h and six Auxin transport genes and four gibberellin biosynthesis pathway genes were differentially expressed in Zong 31 in response to ethephon treatment. In summary, we showed that gaseous ethylene release is involved in internode meristem cell elongation through the regulation of plant hormone signaling in maize. This work provides a platform for studies in which candidate genes will be functionally tested for involvement in internode elongation.

关键词: maize     ethephon     internode elongation     microarray     qPCR    

Experimental research on catalysts and their catalytic mechanism for hydrogen production by gasification of peanut

PEI Aixia, GUO Liejin, JIN Hui

《能源前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 451-456 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0066-2

摘要: Peanut shell, mixed with sodium carboxymethylcellulose, was gasified at a temperature of 450°C and a pressure range from 24 to 27 MPa with the presence of different catalysts, including KCO, ZnCl and Raney-Ni. The experimental results show that different catalysts have greatly different effects on the reaction. Gasification efficiency (GE), hydrogen gasification efficiency (GHE), carbon gasification efficiency (GCE), yield of hydrogen production ( ) and potential yield of hydrogen production () are applied to describe the catalytic efficiency. From the result of gaseous components, ZnCl has the highest hydrogen selectivity, KCO is lower, and Raney-Ni is the lowest, but Raney-Ni is the most favorable to gasify biomass among the three catalysts, and its , , reach 126.84%, 185.71%, 94.24%, respectively. As expected, hydrogen selectivity increased and CH reduced rapidly when the mixture of ZnCl and Raney-Ni is used under the same condition. The optimization mixture appeared when 0.2 g of ZnCl was added to 1 g of Raney-Ni, 43.56 g · kg of hydrogen pro duction was obtained. In addition, the catalytic mechanisms of different catalysts were analyzed, and the possible reaction pathway was brought forward, which helped to explain the experiment phenomena and results correctly.

关键词: presence     Raney-Ni     biomass     optimization mixture     possible reaction    

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 55-64 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016091

摘要: Scientific irrigation and nitrogen management is important for agricultural production in arid areas. To quantify the effect of water and nitrogen management on yield components, biomass partitioning and harvest index ( ) of maize for seed production with plastic film-mulching, field experiments including different irrigation and N treatments were conducted in arid north-west China in 2013 and 2014. The results indicated that kernel number per plant ( ) was significantly affected by irrigation and N treatments. However, 100-kernel weight was relatively stable. Reducing irrigation quantity significantly increased stem partitioning index ( ) and leaf partitioning index ( ), and decreased ear partitioning index ( ) at harvest, but lowering N rate (from 500 to 100 kg N·hm ) did not significantly reduce , , and at harvest. was significantly reduced by reducing irrigation quantity, but not by reducing N rate. Linear relationships were found between , , , at harvest and and evapotranspiration ( ).

关键词: yield components     biomass partitioning     harvest index     irrigation     nitrogen     maize for seed production    

Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources—a

null

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 313-320 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019282

摘要:

Phosphate is supplied to agriculture by mining and fertilizer production, followed by different steps of phosphate utilization, including primary production, feed and food consumption, and conversion of biomass, with accumulation in soils, but little recycling and severe environmental losses. Phosphate is a limited essential nutrient, however, with very uneven distribution worldwide. Closing the cycle and reducing primary phosphate consumption are fundamental future challenges. Maize has a relatively high phosphate requirement. China and Germany together cover the whole range of maize production systems. The new Sino-German international research training group “Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources” (AMAIZE-P) was initiated in 2018 as a joint venture of the China Agricultural University (Beijing, China) and the University of Hohenheim (Stuttgart, Germany). The interdisciplinary and complementary research is driven by the hypothesis that under phosphate limited conditions, high productivity and high phosphate use efficiency can be achieved simultaneously by adapting phosphate cycling and availability (sources) to the multipurpose phosphate demands (sinks) in maize-based food-feed-energy systems. The educational program for doctoral researchers in China and Germany includes joint block seminars, thematic field trips, case studies, methodological courses, doctoral researchers’ conferences, intercultural training sessions and personal training.

关键词: international research training group     limited resources     maize     phosphate    

The diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere: effects of legume intercropping and crop growth stage

Yadong YANG, Xiaomin FENG, Yuegao HU, Zhaohai ZENG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 162-171 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018212

摘要:

In this study, the abundance, diversity and structure of the diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere soil in three cropping systems and at two oat growth stages were investigated using real-time PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The gene abundance in oat-soybean intercropping (OSO) and oat-mungbean intercropping (OMO) was significantly greater than that in sole oat (O), but the gene abundance significantly decreased at the later stage in all the treatments. Alpha diversity indices in OSO and OMO were higher at the heading stage, but lower at the maturity stage than that in O. and were the dominant genera identified in all samples, with an average proportion of 35.8% and 12.4%, respectively. The proportion of dominant genera showed significant differences and varied with cropping system and growth stage. Principal component analysis showed that growth stage had a stronger effect than intercropping on the diazotrophic community structure. However, Mantel test and redundancy analysis showed there was no environmental factor significantly correlated to the diazotrophic community structure. Our results demonstrate that intercropping had a weaker effect than growth stage on the abundance, diversity and structure of the diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere soil.

关键词: community composition     Illumina MiSeq sequencing     nifH gene     oat-legume intercropping     rhizosphere soil    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING

期刊论文

Decontamination efficiency and root structure change in the plant-intercropping model in vertical-flow

Yonghua CHEN, Xiaofu WU, Mingli CHEN, Kelin LI, Jing PENG, Peng ZHAN

期刊论文

deoxymugineic acid, a phytosiderophore analog, drives beneficial rhizobacterial community formation to promote peanut

期刊论文

论加快我国花生产业发展策略

白选杰

期刊论文

Achieving food security and high production of bioenergy crops through intercropping with efficient resource

Yuanmei ZUO,Zhenjiao ZHANG,Caihong LIU,Weina ZHANG

期刊论文

Phytate and phosphorus utilization by broiler chickens and laying hens fed maize-based diets

Qiugang MA, Markus RODEHUTSCORD, Moritz NOVOTNY, Lan LI, Luqing YANG

期刊论文

INTERCROPPING: FEED MORE PEOPLE AND BUILD MORE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS

期刊论文

Effectiveness of ten commercial maize cultivars in inducing Egyptian broomrape germination

Xiaoxin YE,Jinnan JIA,Yongqing MA,Yu AN,Shuqi DONG

期刊论文

Modeling water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum applied to maize growth under plastic

Meng DUAN, Jin XIE, Xiaomin MAO

期刊论文

Quantitative analysis of yield and soil water balance for summer maize on the piedmont of the North China

Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI

期刊论文

Analysis of differential expression of genes induced by ethephon in elongating internodes of maize plants

Xiaoyi WEI,Weiqiang ZHANG,Qian ZHANG,Pei SUN,Zhaohu LI,Mingcai ZHANG,Jianmin LI,Liusheng DUAN

期刊论文

Experimental research on catalysts and their catalytic mechanism for hydrogen production by gasification of peanut

PEI Aixia, GUO Liejin, JIN Hui

期刊论文

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU

期刊论文

Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources—a

null

期刊论文

The diazotrophic community in oat rhizosphere: effects of legume intercropping and crop growth stage

Yadong YANG, Xiaomin FENG, Yuegao HU, Zhaohai ZENG

期刊论文