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New insights into the formation of ammonium nitrate from a physical and chemical level perspective

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1737-6

摘要:

● Factor analysis of ammonium nitrate formation based on thermodynamic theory.

关键词: Ammonium nitrate formation     Thermodynamic theory     Aerosol liquid water content     Source apportionment    

δN-stable isotope analysis of NH: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source apportionment

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1414-6

摘要:

• Challenges in sampling of NH3 sources for d15N analysis are highlighted.

关键词: Aerosol ammonium     Atmospheric gaseous ammonia     Isotope fingerprinting     Isotope-based source apportionment     Ammonia gas-to-particle conversion    

Physical and chemical processes of wintertime secondary nitrate aerosol formation

Qi YING

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 348-361 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0343-1

摘要: The UCD/CIT model was modified to include a process analysis (PA) scheme for gas and particulate matter (PM) to study the formation of secondary nitrate aerosol during a stagnant wintertime air pollution episode during the California Regional PM /PM Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) where detailed measurements of PM components are available at a few sites. Secondary nitrate is formed in the urban areas from near the ground to a few hundred meters above the surface during the day with a maximum modeled net increase rate of 4 μg·m ·d during the study episode. The secondary nitrate formation rate in rural areas is lower due to lower NO . In the afternoon hours, near-surface temperature can be high enough to evaporate the particulate nitrate. In the nighttime hours, both the gas phase N O reactions with water vapor and the N O heterogeneous reactions with particle-bound water are important for secondary nitrate formation. The N O reactions are most import near the surface to a few hundred meters above surface with a maximum modeled net secondary nitrate increase rate of 1 μg·m ·d and are more significant in the rural areas where the O concentrations are high at night. In general, vertical transport during the day moves the nitrate formed near the surface to higher elevations. During the stagnant days, process analysis indicates that the nitrate concentration in the upper air builds up and leads to a net downward flux of nitrate through vertical diffusion and a rapid increase of surface nitrate concentration.

关键词: secondary nitrate aerosol     N2O5 heterogeneous reaction     process analysis    

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of aerosol transport and deposition

Yingjie TANG, Bing GUO

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 362-377 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0365-8

摘要: In this article computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of aerosol transport and deposition, i.e. the transport and deposition of particles in an aerosol, is reviewed. The review gives a brief account of the basics of aerosol mechanics, followed by a description of the general CFD approach for flow field simulation, turbulence modeling, wall treatments and simulation of particle motion and deposition. Then examples from the literature are presented, including CFD simulation of particle deposition in human respiratory tract and particle deposition in aerosol devices. CFD simulation of particle transport and deposition may provide information that is difficult to obtain through physical experiments, and it may help reduce the number of experiments needed for device design. Due to the difficulty of describing turbulent flow and particle-eddy interaction, turbulent dispersion of particles remains one of the greatest challenges for CFD simulation. However, it is possible to take a balanced approach toward quantitative description of aerosol dispersion using CFD simulation in conjunction with empirical relations.

关键词: computational fluid dynamics (CFD)     aerosol     transport     deposition    

Calculation of collision frequency function for aerosol particles in free molecule regime in presence

Xiaowei LUO, Yannick BENICHOU, Suyuan YU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 506-510 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0275-5

摘要: The collision frequency function for aerosol particles has already been calculated for the free molecule regime and for the continuum range. The present work, taking into account the influence of internal force fields such as magnetic force, electric force and molecular forces, created by particles themselves, recalculated the collision frequency in the case of particles much smaller than the mean free path of the gas (free molecule regime). Attractive forces increase naturally the collision frequency, while repulsive forces decrease it. The calculation was performed for all types of central forces deriving from a potential, including Coulomb forces and Van der Waals forces.

关键词: aerosol particles     collision frequency function     coagulation    

Aerosol exposure assessment during reclaimed water utilization in China and risk evaluation in case of

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1516-1

摘要:

• The Chinese population exposure habits were surveyed.

关键词: Legionella     QMRA     Reclaimed water     Aerosol     Water reuse    

Influence of influent on anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated

Daijun ZHANG, Cui BAI, Ting TANG, Qing YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 291-297 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0270-6

摘要: Shortcut nitrification-denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX), and methanogenesis have been successfully coupled in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated Filter (EGSB-BAF) integrated system. As fed different synthetic wastewater with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 300–1200 mg·L and of 30–120 mg·L at the outer recycle ratio of 200%, the influence of influent on ANAMMOX in the integrated system was investigated in this paper. The experimental results showed that higher COD concentration caused an increase in denitrification and methanogenesis but a decrease in ANAMMOX; however, when an influent with the low concentration of COD was used, the opposite changes could be observed. Higher influent concentration favored ANAMMOX when the COD concentration of influent was fixed. Therefore, low ratio would decrease competition for nitrite between ANAMMOX and denitrification, which was favorable for reducing the negative effect of organic COD on ANAMMOX. The good performance of the integrated system indicated that the bacterial community of denitrification, ANAMMOX, and methanogenesis could be dynamically maintained in the sludge of EGSB reactor for a certain range of influent.

关键词: Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated Filter (EGSB-BAF) integrated system     the influence of influent     anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX)     shortcut nitrification-denitrification     methano-genesis    

Filtration ability of hollow fiber membrane for production of magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals by

H. Watamura, H. Marukawa, I. Hirasawa

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 55-59 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1312-y

摘要: Relationship between magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) crystal properties and the filtration ability of hollow fiber membrane (HFM) were investigated. Phosphorus recovery process by crystallization has a problem that it produces a large amount of fine crystals. So improvement of the crystallization process by combining with filtration was discussed. MAP crystals were obtained by batch reaction crystallization and the filtration characteristics were investigated. The filtration was evaluated by the specific filtration resistance ( ) on HFM. Filtered slurry was prepared with each suspension density and crystal size distribution. The solution was filtered at constant pressure of 0.02 MPa and the filtration time on each filtrated volume was recorded. As a result, decreases exponentially with suspension density increasing from 0.25 g/L to 0.5 g/L and decreases moderately with suspension density increasing from 0.5 g/L to 1.5 g/L. of large crystals decreases exponentially at less suspension density than of small crystals does. Also, increases as the ratio of the fractured crystals increases.

关键词: membrane separation     crystallization     MAP    

Response of organic aerosol characteristics to emission reduction in Yangtze River Delta region

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1714-0

摘要:

● The emission reduction causes significant change in organic aerosol composition.

关键词: Emission control     Secondary organic aerosol     Atmospheric oxidizing capacity     Holiday effects     COVID-19 lockdown    

Migration of ammonium nitrogen in ion-absorbed rare earth soils during and post mining: a column study

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1702-4

摘要:

● Column experiments with an inclined slope were applied to simulate NH4–N transport.

关键词: Ion-absorbed rare earth     Ammonium nitrogen transport     HYDRUS-2D     Numerical simulation    

Enabling nickel ferrocyanide nanoparticles for high-performance ammonium ion storage

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 226-235 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2198-3

摘要: Prussian blue and its analogs are extensively investigated as a cathode for ammonium-ion batteries. However, they often suffer from poor electronic conductivity. Here, we report a Ni2Fe(CN)6/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite electrode material, which is prepared using a simple coprecipitation approach. The obtained material consists of nanoparticles with sizes 30–50 nm and the multiwalled carbon nanotube embedded in it. The existence of multiwalled carbon nanotube ensures that the Ni2Fe(CN)6/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite shows excellent electrochemical performance, achieving a discharge capacity of 55.1 mAh·g–1 at 1 C and 43.2 mAh·g–1 even at 15 C. An increase in the ammonium-ion diffusion coefficient and ionic/electron conductivity based on kinetic investigations accounts for their high performance. Furthermore, detailed ex situ characterizations demonstrate that Ni2Fe(CN)6/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite offers three advantages: negligible lattice expansion during cycling, stable structure, and the reversible redox couple. Therefore, the Ni2Fe(CN)6/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite presents a long cycling life and high rate capacity. Finally, our study reports a desirable material for ammonium-ion batteries and provides a practical approach for improving the electrochemical performance of Prussian blue and its analogs.

关键词: nickel ferrocyanides     NH4+     electrochemistry     Prussian blue     aqueous ammonium ion batteries    

Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1452-0

摘要:

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR.

关键词: Haze     Sulfate     Nitrate     Heterogeneous chemistry     Biomass burning     Northeast China    

Biological conversion pathways of sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation in anammox consortia

Zhen Bi, Deqing Wanyan, Xiang Li, Yong Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1217-1

摘要: The SRAO phenomena tended to occur only under certain conditions. High amount of biomass and non-anaerobic condition is requirement for SRAO. Anammox bacteria cannot oxidize ammonium with sulfate as electron acceptor. AOB and AnAOB are mainly responsible for ammonium conversion. Heterotrophic sulfate reduction mainly contributed to sulfate conversion. For over two decades, sulfate reduction with ammonium oxidation (SRAO) had been reported from laboratory experiments. SRAO was considered an autotrophic process mediated by anammox bacteria, in which ammonium as electron donor was oxidized by the electron acceptor sulfate. This process had been attributed to observed transformations of nitrogenous and sulfurous compounds in natural environments. Results obtained differed largely for the conversion mole ratios (ammonium/sulfate), and even the intermediate and final products of sulfate reduction. Thus, the hypothesis of biological conversion pathways of ammonium and sulfate in anammox consortia is implausible. In this study, continuous reactor experiments (with working volume of 3.8L) and batch tests were conducted under normal anaerobic (0.2≤DO<0.5 mg/L) / strict anaerobic (DO<0.2 mg/L) conditions with different biomass proportions to verify the SRAO phenomena and identify possible pathways behind substrate conversion. Key findings were that SRAO occurred only in cases of high amounts of inoculant biomass under normal anaerobic condition, while absent under strict anaerobic conditions for same anammox consortia. Mass balance and stoichiometry were checked based on experimental results and the thermodynamics proposed by previous studies were critically discussed. Thus anammox bacteria do not possess the ability to oxidize ammonium with sulfate as electron acceptor and the assumed SRAO could, in fact, be a combination of aerobic ammonium oxidation, anammox and heterotrophic sulfate reduction processes.

关键词: Anammox bacteria     Autotrophic     Biological conversion     Sulfate reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO)    

Effects of two transition metal sulfate salts on secondary organic aerosol formation in toluene/NO

Biwu CHU, Jiming HAO, Junhua LI, Hideto TAKEKAWA, Kun WANG, Jingkun JIANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 1-9 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0476-x

摘要: Aerosol phase reactions play a very important role on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and metal-containing aerosols are important components in the atmosphere. In this study, we tested the effects of two transition metal sulfate salts, manganese sulfate (MnSO ) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO ), on the photochemical reactions of a toluene/NO photooxidation system in a 2 m smog chamber. By comparing photochemical reaction products of experiments with and without transition metal sulfate seed aerosols, we evaluated the effects of transition metal sulfate seed aerosols on toluene consumption, NO conversion and the formation of ozone and SOA. MnSO and ZnSO seed aerosols were found to have similar effects on photochemical reactions, both enhance the SOA production, while showing negligible effects on the gas phase compounds. These observations are consistent when varying metal sulfate aerosol concentrations. This is attributed to the catalytic effects of MnSO and ZnSO seed aerosols which may enhance the formation of condensable semivolatile compounds. Their subsequent partitioning into the aerosol phase leads to the observed SOA formation enhancement.

关键词: manganese sulfate     zinc sulfate     seed aerosols     toluene photooxidation     secondary organic aerosol    

How aerosol direct effects influence the source contributions to PM

Litao Wang, Joshua S. Fu, Wei Wei, Zhe Wei, Chenchen Meng, Simeng Ma, Jiandong Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1014-2

摘要: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area is the most air polluted region in China and the three neighborhood southern Hebei cities, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, and Handan, are listed in the top ten polluted cities with severe PM pollution. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of aerosol direct effects on air quality over the southern Hebei cities, as well as the impacts when considering those effects on source apportionment using three dimensional air quality models. The WRF/Chem model was applied over the East Asia and northern China at 36 and 12 km horizontal grid resolutions, respectively, for the period of January 2013, with two sets of simulations with or without aerosol-meteorology feedbacks. The source contributions of power plants, industrial, domestic, transportation, and agriculture are evaluated using the Brute-Force Method (BFM) under the two simulation configurations. Our results indicate that, although the increases in PM concentrations due to those effects over the three southern Hebei cities are only 3%–9% on montly average, they are much more significant under high PM loadings (~50 μg·m when PM concentrations are higher than 400 μg m ). When considering the aerosol feedbacks, the contributions of industrial and domestic sources assessed using the BFM will obviously increase (e.g., from 30%–34% to 32%–37% for industrial), especially under high PM loadings (e.g., from 36%–44% to 43%–47% for domestic when PM >400 μg·m ). Our results imply that the aerosol direct effects should not be ignored during severe pollution episodes, especially in short-term source apportionment using the BFM.

关键词: Aerosol direct effect     PM2.5     Southern Hebei     WRF/Chem     Haze    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

New insights into the formation of ammonium nitrate from a physical and chemical level perspective

期刊论文

δN-stable isotope analysis of NH: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source apportionment

期刊论文

Physical and chemical processes of wintertime secondary nitrate aerosol formation

Qi YING

期刊论文

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of aerosol transport and deposition

Yingjie TANG, Bing GUO

期刊论文

Calculation of collision frequency function for aerosol particles in free molecule regime in presence

Xiaowei LUO, Yannick BENICHOU, Suyuan YU

期刊论文

Aerosol exposure assessment during reclaimed water utilization in China and risk evaluation in case of

期刊论文

Influence of influent on anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated

Daijun ZHANG, Cui BAI, Ting TANG, Qing YANG

期刊论文

Filtration ability of hollow fiber membrane for production of magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals by

H. Watamura, H. Marukawa, I. Hirasawa

期刊论文

Response of organic aerosol characteristics to emission reduction in Yangtze River Delta region

期刊论文

Migration of ammonium nitrogen in ion-absorbed rare earth soils during and post mining: a column study

期刊论文

Enabling nickel ferrocyanide nanoparticles for high-performance ammonium ion storage

期刊论文

Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

期刊论文

Biological conversion pathways of sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation in anammox consortia

Zhen Bi, Deqing Wanyan, Xiang Li, Yong Huang

期刊论文

Effects of two transition metal sulfate salts on secondary organic aerosol formation in toluene/NO

Biwu CHU, Jiming HAO, Junhua LI, Hideto TAKEKAWA, Kun WANG, Jingkun JIANG

期刊论文

How aerosol direct effects influence the source contributions to PM

Litao Wang, Joshua S. Fu, Wei Wei, Zhe Wei, Chenchen Meng, Simeng Ma, Jiandong Wang

期刊论文