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离岸碳捕集利用与封存技术体系研究

李姜辉,李鹏春,李彦尊,童峰

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第2期页码 173-186 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.015

摘要：

离岸碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术是沿海国家或地区通过工程方式为实现CO₂减排而发展起来的解决方案与技术体系；相对于陆上离岸CCUS技术指从沿海大型或近海碳排放源捕集CO₂，加压并运输至离岸封存平台后注入海底地质储层中，实现CO₂与大气永久隔离或利用其生产价值产品的过程。本文概要回顾了全球及我国离岸CCUS技术的发展需求与产业现状，分析了发展离岸CCUS的技术性和社会性价值；梳理总结了代表性的离岸CCUS技术发展路线及其态势，如CO₂工厂捕集、CO₂管道运输、CO₂海底咸水层封存与驱油利用、CO₂化学利用以及其他技术架构。

关键词：离岸碳捕集、利用与封存；CO2捕集；CO2运输；CO2封存；CO2利用；沿海地区；近海沉积盆地

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碳捕集利用与封存中的金属腐蚀问题研究：进展与挑战

向勇 ,原玉 ,周佩 ,刘广胜 ,吕伟 ,李明星 ,张春霞 ,周庆军 ,赵雪会 ,闫伟

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 197-208 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.026

摘要：

深入研究碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术中的金属腐蚀问题产生的机理和影响，对有效应对和解决捕集、运输、利用与封存系统中存在的材料腐蚀失效问题至关重要技术各系统腐蚀环境新颖、腐蚀行为特殊、认知程度有限、防护手段相对匮乏等情况，结合CCUS各系统中的腐蚀环境特点，分析了可能存在的金属腐蚀类型及其主要影响因素，并对其带来的挑战进行了梳理，得出了以下主要结论：对于有机胺捕集系统，吸收剂降解机理及降解产物对腐蚀过程的影响较为复杂，部分降解产物对金属腐蚀有抑制作用；密相CO2输送管道的内腐蚀问题不容忽视，控制水分含量是控制该腐蚀问题的关键；CO2驱油利用与封存系统井筒管材在超高CO2分压、碳源杂质、高矿化度地层水、微生物和应力等多因素的长周期耦合作用下，出现腐蚀失效导致CO2泄露的风险很高。

关键词：碳捕集、利用与封存；碳源杂质；腐蚀环境特点；腐蚀影响因素；超临界CO2

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聚乙烯胺促进传递膜用于燃烧后二氧化碳捕集——从材料到工艺的挑战和前景 Perspective

何雪忠

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第1期页码 124-131 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.001

摘要：

由于气体分离膜具有高能效、相对较低的成本和环境影响，通过气体分离膜捕集二氧化碳（CO捕集CO₂。本文讨论了聚乙烯胺促进传递膜应用于发电厂和水泥厂的燃烧后CO₂捕集从材料到工艺的挑战。我们可以基于先前中试示范中获得的经验来指导设计其他类型的膜捕集CO₂。我们发现单位CO₂的捕集成本在很大程度上取决于所需的CO₂捕集率，在50％的中等CO₂捕集率下，捕集每吨CO₂的成本为因此，我们发现FT膜系统对于部分CO₂捕集更具竞争力。

关键词：促进传递膜烟道气排放中空纤维二氧化碳捕集过程模拟

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单乙醇胺碳捕集工艺大规模工业化应用：提高非平衡级速率模型的预测精度

罗小波,Wang Meihong

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第2期页码 232-243 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.02.001

摘要：

对于减少化石能源发电厂和其他能源密集型过程的人为二氧化碳(CO₂) 的排放，碳捕集和储存(CCS)技术将发挥至关重要的作用。然而, 由于装备CO₂捕集装置而导致的成本增加是其大规模工业化应用的主要障碍。本文论述了关于通过升级参数和多级模型验证来开发一个更精确的基于乙醇胺碳捕集过程的非平衡级速率模型。本文首先分析了该过程速率模型的建模框架。采用Aspen Plus® 软件开发此过程的稳态模型，并且在三个模拟阶段对较宽范围的压力，温度和CO₂ 载荷进行了模型验证，包括热力学建模、物性计算和中试规模工艺模拟。随后本文采用这一模型对一个250 MW 的联合循环燃气发电厂的碳捕集工艺过程设计进行了案例研究，并和另一文献进行了对比，本文的设计降低了吸收塔和解析塔的填料高度并减少了CO₂特征热负荷

关键词：过程模拟模型验证单乙醇胺 CO₂ 捕集联合燃气发电厂碳捕集和存储

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基于一步法制备超高PEO负载的亲 CO₂气体分离膜用于高效碳捕集 Article

朱斌, 赫羴珊, 吴亚东, 李松伟, 邵路

《工程（英文）》 2023年第26卷第7期页码 220-228 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.016

摘要：

针对日益增加的大气CO₂含量，膜技术被认为是一种有前景的碳捕集策略，其中亲CO₂分离膜已经展示出显著的应用潜力，特别是在CO₂/轻质气体分离方面。以聚环氧乙烷（PEO）为代表的CO₂亲和材料，因其与CO₂的特殊偶极-四极矩相互作用而吸引了广泛的研究关注。此外，高结构稳定性使得分离膜在高进料压力（高达20 bar）下表现出更好的CO₂渗透系数和气体选择性。本研究同时改善了全聚合物膜的机械性能和气体分离性能，在工业碳捕集和气体净化领域展现出显著潜力。

关键词：膜分离气体分离 CO₂捕集亲CO₂分离膜聚环氧乙烷

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普光气田地面集输系统的内腐蚀控制与监测

欧莉,李时杰,苏国丰

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第10期页码 70-75

摘要：

分析了高含H₂S / CO₂气田的腐蚀特征，探讨了在普光气田开发建设同期模拟普光集输工况开展的腐蚀性研究与成果；针对普光高含硫、复杂地形、人口密集、全湿气输送的地面集输系统，重点介绍了“抗硫碳钢＋缓蚀剂+清管+腐蚀监测”的综合腐蚀控制与监测设计方案，初步地总结和评价了投产运行后腐蚀控制与监测的实际实施效果

关键词：普光酸性气田 H2S CO2 湿气输送缓蚀剂腐蚀监测

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Newly-modeled graphene-based ternary nanocomposite for the magnetophotocatalytic reduction of CO2 with

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1438-1459 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2166-y

摘要： The development of CO₂ into hydrocarbon fuels has emerged as a green method that could help mitigate global warning. The novel structured photocatalyst is a promising material for use in a photocatalytic and magneto-electrochemical method that fosters the reduction of CO₂ by suppressing the recombination of electron−hole pairs and effectively transferring the electrons to the surface for the chemical reaction of CO₂ reduction. In our study, we have developed a novel-structured AgCuZnS₂–graphene–TiO₂ to analyze its catalytic activity toward the selective evolution of CO₂. The selectivity of each nanocomposite substantially enhanced the activity of the AgCuZnS₂–graphene–TiO₂ ternary nanocomposite due to the successful interaction, and the selectivity of the final product was improved to a value 3 times higher than that of the pure AgCuZnS₂ and 2 times higher than those of AgCuZnS₂–graphene and AgCuZnS₂–TiO₂ under ultra-violet (UV)-light (λ = 254 nm) irradiation in the photocatalytic process. The electrochemical CO₂ reduction test was also conducted to analyze the efficacy of the AgCuZnS₂–graphene–TiO₂ when used as a working electrode in laboratory electrochemical cells. The electrochemical process was conducted under different experimental conditions, such as various scan rates (mV·s^–1), under UV-light and with a 0.07 T magnetic-core. The evolution of CO₂ substantially improved under UV-light (λ = 254 nm) and with 0.07 T magnetic-core treatment; these improvements were attributed to the facts that the UV-light activated the electron-transfer pathway and the magnetic core controlled the pathway of electron-transmission/prevention to protect it from chaotic electron movement. Among all tested nanocomposites, AgCuZnS₂–graphene–TiO₂ absorbed the CO₂ most strongly and showed the best ability to transfer the electron to reduce the CO₂ to methanol. We believe that our newly-modeled ternary nanocomposite opens up new opportunities for the evolution of CO₂ to methanol through an electrochemical and photocatalytic process.

关键词： ternary nanocomposite photocatalytic electrochemical CO₂ reduction UV-light magnetic core

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Tuning porosity of coal-derived activated carbons for CO2 adsorption

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 1345-1354 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2155-1

摘要： A simple method was developed to tune the porosity of coal-derived activated carbons, which provided a model adsorbent system to investigate the volumetric CO₂ adsorption performance. Specifically, the method involved the variation of the activation temperature in a K₂CO₃ induced chemical activation process which could yield activated carbons with defined microporous (< 2 nm, including ultra-microporous < 1 nm) and meso-micro-porous structures. CO₂ adsorption isotherms revealed that the microporous activated carbon has the highest measured CO₂ adsorption capacity (6.0 mmol∙g^–1 at 0 °C and 4.1 mmol∙g^–1 at 25 °C), whilst ultra-microporous activated carbon with a high packing density exhibited the highest normalized capacity with respect to packing volume (1.8 mmol∙cm⁻³ at 0 °C and 1.3 mmol∙cm^–3 at 25 °C), which is significant. Both experimental correlation analysis and molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that (i) volumetric CO₂ adsorption capacity is directly proportional to the ultra-micropore volume, and (ii) an increase in micropore sizes is beneficial to improve the volumetric capacity, but may lead a low CO₂ adsorption density and thus low pore space utilization efficiency. The adsorption experiments on the activated carbons established the criterion for designing CO₂ adsorbents with high volumetric adsorption capacity.

关键词： coal-derived activated carbons porosity CO₂ adsorption molecular dynamics

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Impacts of CO2 and H2S on the risk of hydrate formation during pipeline transport of natural gas

Solomon A. Aromada, Bjørn Kvamme

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 616-627 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1795-2

摘要： Evaluation of maximum content of water in natural gas before water condenses out at a given temperature and pressure is the initial step in hydrate risk analysis during pipeline transport of natural gas. The impacts of CO and H S in natural gas on the maximum mole-fractions of water that can be tolerated during pipeline transport without the risk of hydrate nucleation has been studied using our novel thermodynamic scheme. Troll gas from the North Sea is used as a reference case, it contains very negligible amount of CO and no H S. Varying mole-fractions of CO and H S were introduced into the Troll gas, and the effects these inorganic impurities on the water tolerance of the system were evaluated. It is observed that CO does not cause any distinguishable impact on water tolerance of the system, but H S does. Water tolerance decreases with increase in concentration of H S. The impact of ethane on the system was also investigated. The maximum mole-fraction of water permitted in the gas to ensure prevention of hydrate formation also decreases with increase in the concentration of C H like H S. H S has the most impact, it tolerates the least amount of water among the components studied.

关键词： hydrate hydrogen Sulphide CO₂ dew point pipeline

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碳配额市场下以乙醇胺溶液进行碳捕集的电厂的优化竞标和运行：基于强化学习的Sarsa时间差分算法的解决

李子昂, 王美宏, 丁正桃

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第2期页码 257-265 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.02.014

摘要：

对于处在碳配额市场条件下以乙醇胺(MEA) 进行碳捕集的燃煤电厂，本文应用了基于强化学习的Sarsa 时间差分算法为其自行搜寻一种统一的竞标和运行策略。其中，我们引入以下两个限制条件：一是碳捕集的高能耗和电力生产之间的权衡；二是碳排放交易市场中竞得的碳配额数量与电力生产导致的实际碳排放量的近似相等。本文给出了三个案例方便研究。第二个案例中，相互独立设计的运行和竞标策略与统一设计的运行和竞标策略相互比较，以表明加入了随时间变化、市场导向的碳捕集水平后，Sarsa 算法将有助于电厂决策者获得更高的贴现累计利润。两家电厂设置了相同的发电和二氧化碳捕集设备，但新电厂采用不同的策略获得利润。比较两家电厂的贴现累计利润，结果表明：采用Sarsa 学习算法、找到统一的竞标和运行策略的原电厂会更具竞争力。

关键词：电厂燃烧后碳捕集化学吸收碳配额市场决策优化强化学习

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海洋CO2管道输送技术现状与展望

王子明,李清平,李姜辉,范振宁,张建

《中国工程科学》 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.06.017

摘要：

管道输送是经济高效的CO2运输方式，海洋CO2运输是离岸碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）产业链的关键环节和规模化开展离岸CCUS工程建设所需的核心技术本文明晰了我国实施离岸CCUS的优势、典型海洋碳运输情境和海洋CO2运输方式，剖析了国内外海洋CO2管道输送的技术与工程概况；从CO2流体相态及流动安全，沿程腐蚀风险评估、监测及预警，CO2泄漏实时监测技术，高压CO2泄放及对环境的影响等方面梳理了海洋CO2管道输送工艺技术现状；从CO2管道材料断裂行为及止裂措施、高耐蚀及密封材料、碳钢管道长寿命运行的关键腐蚀控制技术、注采井筒的腐蚀风险评估等方面梳理了海洋CO2管道材料技术现状。研究认为，加快发展适应海洋CO2管道输送复杂工况的材料体系、全流程CO2管道的智慧管理与数字孪生技术、海底CO2管道全生命周期运行关键技术、在役海底管道改输评估与保障技术，采取加快推动我国近海碳封存CO2

关键词： CO2管道；离岸CCUS；海底管道；管道腐蚀；管道断裂；泄漏监测

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Theoretical and experimental study on the fluidity performance of hard-to-fluidize carbon nanotubes-based CO2

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1460-1475 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2159-x

摘要： Carbon nanotubes-based materials have been identified as promising sorbents for efficient CO₂ capture in fluidized beds, suffering from insufficient contact with CO₂ for the high-level CO₂ capture capacity. This study focuses on promoting the fluidizability of hard-to-fluidize pure and synthesized silica-coated amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes. The novel synthesized sorbent presents a superior sorption capacity of about 25 times higher than pure carbon nanotubes during 5 consecutive adsorption/regeneration cycles. The low-cost fluidizable-SiO₂ nanoparticles are used as assistant material to improve the fluidity of carbon nanotubes-based sorbents. Results reveal that a minimum amount of 7.5 and 5 wt% SiO₂ nanoparticles are required to achieve an agglomerate particulate fluidization behavior for pure and synthesized carbon nanotubes, respectively. Pure carbon nanotubes + 7.5 wt% SiO₂ and synthesized carbon nanotubes + 5 wt% SiO₂ indicates an agglomerate particulate fluidization characteristic, including the high-level bed expansion ratio, low minimum fluidization velocity (1.5 and 1.6 cm·s^–1), high Richardson−Zakin index (5.2 and 5.3 > 5), and low Π value (83.2 and 84.8 < 100, respectively). Chemical modification of carbon nanotubes causes not only enhanced CO ₂ uptake capacity but also decreases the required amount of silica additive to reach a homogeneous fluidization behavior for synthesized carbon nanotubes sorbent.

关键词： CO₂ capture CNT-based sorbents fluidization SiO₂ nanoparticles fluidized bed reactors

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Encapsulation of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol with tetraethyl orthosilicate for CO2 capture

Sidra Rama, Yan Zhang, Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia, Yulong Ding, Yongliang Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 672-683 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1856-6

摘要： Carbon capture is widely recognised as an essential strategy to meet global goals for climate protection. Although various CO capture technologies including absorption, adsorption and membrane exist, they are not yet mature for post-combustion power plants mainly due to high energy penalty. Hence researchers are concentrating on developing non-aqueous solvents like ionic liquids, CO -binding organic liquids, nanoparticle hybrid materials and microencapsulated sorbents to minimize the energy consumption for carbon capture. This research aims to develop a novel and efficient approach by encapsulating sorbents to capture CO in a cold environment. The conventional emulsion technique was selected for the microcapsule formulation by using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) as the core sorbent and silicon dioxide as the shell. This paper reports the findings on the formulated microcapsules including key formulation parameters, microstructure, size distribution and thermal cycling stability. Furthermore, the effects of microcapsule quality and absorption temperature on the CO loading capacity of the microcapsules were investigated using a self-developed pressure decay method. The preliminary results have shown that the AMP microcapsules are promising to replace conventional sorbents.

关键词： carbon capture microencapsulated sorbents emulsion technique low temperature adsorption and absorption