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新时期国家环境保护战略研究

郝吉明,万本太,侯立安,王金南,蒋洪强,许嘉钰

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第8期   页码 30-38

摘要：

为探索在生态文明建设理念指导下，如何总体上把握生态保护和建设的发展战略，采取多学科、宽领域、全方位、深层次、开放式的战略研究方法进行了深入研究分析，提出了我国生态保护和建设的基本思路、基本原则、战略目标、战略布局、主要任务、战略重点以及政策建议，以期对我国生态保护和建设起到推动作用。

关键词： 水环境；大气环境；土壤环境；固体废物污染；海洋环境；农村环境；环境风险与健康；国际环境保护    

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Industrial land expansion in rural China threatens environmental securities

Chi Zhang, Wenhui Kuang, Jianguo Wu, Jiyuan Liu, Hanqin Tian

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1321-2

摘要： Abstract • China’s rural industrial land (RIL) area quadrupled from 1990 to 2015. • RIL expansion cost 9% of China’s crop production and threatened human/ecosystem safety. • The underprivileged population bears a disproportionally large share of the risks. China’s rural industrialization has been a major driver for its rapid economic growth during the recent decades, but its myriad environmental risks are yet to be fully understood. Based on a comprehensive national land-use data set, our study shows that the area of China’s rural industrial land (RIL) quadrupled during 1990–2015, reaching 39000 km2 in 2015, comparable to urbanization in magnitude but with a much greater degree of landscape fragmentation which implies stronger ecological and environmental impacts. About 91% of the protected areas in the central China were within 50 km from rural industrial land, thus exposed to industrial disturbances. Accelerated rural industrial land expansion, particularly in regions under high geo-hazard risks, led to dramatically increased environmental risks, threatening the safety and health of both rural industrial workers and residents. Moreover, negative effects from rural industrial land expansion could partially offset the crop production growth in recent decades. The underprivileged rural population in the west bears a disproportionally large share of the increased environmental risks. China urgently needs to design and implement sustainable policies to restrict and reshape its rural industrialization. This study aims to inspire policy makers and researchers to rethink the current model of industrial expansion and improve rural industrial land planning, which is important for achieving the sustainable development goals of China.

关键词： Industrialization     Land-use change     Environment risks     Environmental security     Urbanization     China    

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Construction risks of Huaying mount tunnel and countermeasures

Haibo YAO, Feng GAO, Shigang YU, Wei DANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 279-285 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0414-x

摘要： The Chongqing-Guang’an motorway is planned to cross Huaying mount at Jingguan town of Chongqing city. The whole mount is a colossal anticline whose core is consisted of coal measure strata (upper Permian Longtan formation P l) and the limbs are limestone strata (middle Triassic Leikoupo formation T l and lower Triassic Jialingjiang formation T j). The tunneling is full of risks of collapse, gas explosion or gas outburst, water (mud) inrush, gas inrush because of existence of faults, high pressure gas, karst tectonics and coal goafs around the tunnel. In order to cope with the high risk, two main countermeasures were taken to ensure security of construction. One is geology prediction, and the other is automatic wireless real-time monitoring system, which contains monitoring of video, wind speed, poisonous gas (CH , CO, H S, SO ), people location, and automatic power-off equipment while gas contents being more than warning threshold. These ascertained the engineering safety effectively.

关键词： tunnel?construction     gas?outburst     geology?prediction     automatic?monitoring?system    

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New medical risks affecting obstetrics after implementation of the two-child policy in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 570-575 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0552-5

摘要：

China recently instituted a two-child policy in response to its aging population, declining workforce and demographic dividend, and the need to develop asocial economy. Additionally, women generally delay having a second child because of the overwhelming pressure in their lives. With the improvements in assisted fertility technologies in recent years, the number of elderly women attempting to bear children has increased. The quality of woman’s eggs and a man’s sperm declined dramatically with increasing age, leading to an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications among older women. Therefore, the types of fertility problems experienced by elderly females must be provided with considerable attention by obstetricians. This commentary article focuses on the medical problems faced by older second-child pregnant women. This work discusses their increased rates of infertility, spontaneous abortion, fetal malformation, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum depression, and hypertensive disorders, which complicate pregnancy.

关键词： two-child policy     birth defects     cesarean delivery     placenta previa    

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Stem cell gene therapy: the risks of insertional mutagenesis and approaches to minimize genotoxicity

Chuanfeng Wu, Cynthia E. Dunbar

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 356-371 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0159-1

摘要： Virus-based vectors are widely used in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy, and have the ability to integrate permanently into genomic DNA, thus driving long-term expression of corrective genes in all hematopoietic lineages. To date, HSC gene therapy has been successfully employed in the clinic for improving clinical outcomes in small numbers of patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA-SCID), adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), thalassemia, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). However, adverse events were observed during some of these HSC gene therapy clinical trials, linked to insertional activation of proto-oncogenes by integrated proviral vectors leading to clonal expansion and eventual development of leukemia. Numerous studies have been performed to understand the molecular basis of vector-mediated genotoxicity, with the aim of developing safer vectors and lower-risk gene therapy protocols. This review will summarize current information on the mechanisms of insertional mutagenesis in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells due to integrating gene transfer vectors, discuss the available assays for predicting genotoxicity and mapping vector integration sites, and introduce newly-developed approaches for minimizing genotoxicity as a way to further move HSC gene therapy forward into broader clinical application.

关键词： gene therapy     hematopoietic stem cells     insertional mutagenesis     genotoxicity     induced pluripotent stem cell    

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Cultivars and oil extraction techniques affect Cd/Pb contents and health risks in oil of rapeseed grown

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1687-z

摘要：

● Organic solvent extracted fewer Cd/Pb in rapeseed oil than physical pressing.

关键词： Rapeseed oil     Oil extraction technologies     Human health risk assessment     Cd/Pb-contaminated farmland     Substitute planting    

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Occurrence, removal, and environmental risks of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants in south

Huang Huang, Jie Wu, Jian Ye, Tingjin Ye, Jia Deng, Yongmei Liang, Wei Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1053-8

摘要：

Five pharmaceuticals were detected in wastewater treatment plants in southern China.

Biological treatment was the most effective process for PhACs removal.

Metoprolol showed negative removal during secondary treatment process.

The pharmaceuticals studied posed a low environmental risk to aquatic ecosystems.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals     Wastewater treatment     Pearl River Delta     Occurrence     Removal     Risk assessment    

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Legacies and health risks of heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1679-z

摘要：

● Heavy metals and organic toxins may persist in legacy sites for a long time.

关键词： E-waste     Human health risk     Organ risk     Heavy metal toxicity     PBDE     PCDD/F    

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Composition, dispersion, and health risks of bioaerosols in wastewater treatment plants: A review

Yunping Han, Lin Li, Ying Wang, Jiawei Ma, Pengyu Li, Chao Han, Junxin Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1330-1

摘要： Abstract • Bioaerosols are produced in the process of wastewater biological treatment. • The concentration of bioaerosol indoor is higher than outdoor. • Bioaerosols contain large amounts of potentially pathogenic biomass and chemicals. • Inhalation is the main route of exposure of bioaerosol. • Both the workers and the surrounding residents will be affected by the bioaerosol. Bioaerosols are defined as airborne particles (0.05–100 mm in size) of biological origin. They are considered potentially harmful to human health as they can contain pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review summarizes the most recent research on the health risks of bioaerosols emitted from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in order to improve the control of such bioaerosols. The concentration and size distribution of WWTP bioaerosols; their major emission sources, composition, and health risks; and considerations for future research are discussed. The major themes and findings in the literature are as follows: the major emission sources of WWTP bioaerosols include screen rooms, sludge-dewatering rooms, and aeration tanks; the bioaerosol concentrations in screen and sludge-dewatering rooms are higher than those outdoors. WWTP bioaerosols contain a variety of potentially pathogenic bacteria, fungi, antibiotic resistance genes, viruses, endotoxins, and toxic metal(loid)s. These potentially pathogenic substances spread with the bioaerosols, thereby posing health risks to workers and residents in and around the WWTP. Inhalation has been identified as the main exposure route, and children are at a higher risk of this than adults. Future studies should identify emerging contaminants, establish health risk assessments, and develop prevention and control systems.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant     Bioaerosols     Pathogen     Dispersion     Risk assessment    

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Mitigating microbiological risks of potential pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulence

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1682-4

摘要：

● Abundance of MAGs carrying ARG-VF pairs unchanged in rivers after WWTP upgrade.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant upgrade     Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)     Virulence factors (VFs)     Gene co-occurrence     Genome-centric analysis    

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Application of MoS in the space environment: a review

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0755-1

摘要： A considerable portion of space mechanism failures are related to space tribological problems. Cold welding in high vacuum; surface erosion and collision damage caused by various radiations, high temperature oxidation under atomic oxygen (AO) bombardment; and thermal stress caused by temperature alternation all alter the physical, chemical, and friction properties of materials. In particular, the space vibration caused by alternating temperatures and microgravity environments can alter the motion of the contact body, further affecting its friction properties. Improving the friction properties of contact surfaces in the space environment is an important way to extend the service life of spacecraft. Traditional lubricants can no longer meet the lubrication requirements of the space environment. This study describes the characteristics of the space environment and the applications of solid lubricants. The friction properties of MoS2, a solid lubricant widely used in space, are discussed. The synergistic lubrication of MoS2 with surface textures or metals is presented. Advances in research on the friction properties of collision sliding contacts in the space environment are reviewed. The combination of MoS2 and soft metals with surface textures is introduced to reduce the effects of vibration environments on the friction properties of moving parts in space mechanisms. Finally, the challenges and future research interests of MoS2 films in space tribology are presented.

关键词： MoS2     soft metal     space environment     surface texture     synergistic effect     vibration    

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Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions

Zhiruo Zhang, Shelan Liu, Mi Xiang, Shijian Li, Dahai Zhao, Chaolin Huang, Saijuan Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 229-231 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0765-x

摘要： The outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People’s Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients at the epicenter of the outbreak, Hubei Province. Sadly, as of February 20, 2020, over two thousand COVID-19 cases are confirmed among HCP from 476 hospitals nationwide, with nearly 90% of them from Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The experience and lessons learned should be a valuable asset for international health community to contain the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic around the world.

关键词： healthcare personnel     COVID-19     infectious diseases    

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Poor adherence to P2Y12 antagonists increased cardiovascular risks in Chinese PCI-treated patients

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 53-61 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0502-2

摘要：

Low adherence to secondary prevention medications (ATM) of patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, literature provides limited data on assessment of ATM and risks associated with poor in Chinese patients with ACS. In the current work, ATM was assessed in consecutively recruited patients with ACS in Tongji Hospital from November 5, 2013 to December 31, 2014. A total of 2126 patients were classified under low adherence (proportion of days covered (PDC)<50%) and high adherence (PDC>50%) groups based on their performance after discharge. All patients were followed up at the 1st, 6th, and 12th month of discharge while recording ATM and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Bivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with ATM. Cox regression was used to analyze the association between ATM and MACE within one year after discharge. Results showed that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) alone had significantly lower proportion of high adherence to P2Y12 antagonists (83.0% vs. 90.7%, P<0.01) than patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) only. Moreover, in patients undergoing PCI, high adherence to P2Y12 antagonists decreased the risk of MACE (hazard ratio=0.172, 95% confidence interval: 0.039–0.763; P=0.021). In conclusion, PCI-treated patients are more prone to remaining adherent to medications than CABG-treated patients. High adherence to P2Y12 antagonists was associated with lower risk of MACE.

关键词： acute coronary syndromes     adherence to secondary prevention medications     clinical outcome    

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Inactivation and risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in municipal sludge treatment: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1504-5

摘要：

• Diversity and detection methods of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge.

关键词： Sludge treatment     Pathogenic microorganisms     Inactivation mechanisms     Exposure risks     Land application    

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Linking elements to outcomes of knowledge transfer in the project environment: Current review and future

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 221-238 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0195-3

摘要： A project is a specific effort to create a unique product, so it is a favorable place for knowledge creation and development. Knowledge can be transferred inside and outside projects and their parent project-based organizations, thus affecting project performance and organizational competitiveness. However, the current research on the elements and outcomes of knowledge transfer (KT) in the project environment lacks completeness and clarity, and that on the different levels of KT is fragmented. This study aims to conduct comprehensive research to determine and link the elements and outcomes of KT in the project environment. The authors systematically analyzed the relevant literature from 2000 to 2021, which showed an increasing publication trend. They divided KT in the project environment into three levels according to the transfer scenario: Intra-project, cross-project, and cross-organizational KT. Five-dimensional transfer elements and two-dimensional transfer outcomes were then identified and analyzed from previous literature. Lastly, the relationships between the transfer elements and outcomes were gathered to create a comprehensive model. Importantly, the knowledge gap in the current literature was highlighted, and future research directions were put forward. This study builds a theoretical framework linking transfer elements to outcomes that can serve as a basis for scholars and practitioners to develop effective strategies for KT in the project environment.

关键词： knowledge transfer     knowledge management     project management     project environment     literature review    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

新时期国家环境保护战略研究

郝吉明,万本太,侯立安,王金南,蒋洪强,许嘉钰

期刊论文

Industrial land expansion in rural China threatens environmental securities

Chi Zhang, Wenhui Kuang, Jianguo Wu, Jiyuan Liu, Hanqin Tian

期刊论文

Construction risks of Huaying mount tunnel and countermeasures

Haibo YAO, Feng GAO, Shigang YU, Wei DANG

期刊论文

New medical risks affecting obstetrics after implementation of the two-child policy in China

null

期刊论文

Stem cell gene therapy: the risks of insertional mutagenesis and approaches to minimize genotoxicity

Chuanfeng Wu, Cynthia E. Dunbar

期刊论文

Cultivars and oil extraction techniques affect Cd/Pb contents and health risks in oil of rapeseed grown

期刊论文

Occurrence, removal, and environmental risks of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants in south

Huang Huang, Jie Wu, Jian Ye, Tingjin Ye, Jia Deng, Yongmei Liang, Wei Liu

期刊论文

Legacies and health risks of heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins

期刊论文

Composition, dispersion, and health risks of bioaerosols in wastewater treatment plants: A review

Yunping Han, Lin Li, Ying Wang, Jiawei Ma, Pengyu Li, Chao Han, Junxin Liu

期刊论文

Mitigating microbiological risks of potential pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulence

期刊论文

Application of MoS in the space environment: a review

期刊论文

Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions

Zhiruo Zhang, Shelan Liu, Mi Xiang, Shijian Li, Dahai Zhao, Chaolin Huang, Saijuan Chen

期刊论文

Poor adherence to P2Y12 antagonists increased cardiovascular risks in Chinese PCI-treated patients

null

期刊论文

Inactivation and risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in municipal sludge treatment: A review

期刊论文

Linking elements to outcomes of knowledge transfer in the project environment: Current review and future

期刊论文