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Phytate and phosphorus utilization by broiler chickens and laying hens fed maize-based diets
Qiugang MA, Markus RODEHUTSCORD, Moritz NOVOTNY, Lan LI, Luqing YANG
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期 页码 380-387 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019276
Maize grain is primarily used as an energy source for poultry and other animals. Maize has relatively high phytate-P content and very low intrinsic phytase activity. Given that feed phosphates are produced from finite rock phosphate resources, a reduction in the use of feed phosphates in maize-based diets by increasing the utilization of plant P sources by animals is necessary to make poultry meat and egg production more sustainable. The utilization of P by poultry is affected by two intrinsic characteristics of maize: the concentration of inositol phosphates and the activity of the intrinsic phytase of the grain in the digestive tract. The objective of this review is to present data on the variation that exists in composition of maize relevant for P use and to address factors that influence P utilization in maize-based diets of poultry. Broiler chickens and laying hens have the potential to degrade phytate in the gastrointestinal tract, but this is depressed by high dietary Ca and P concentrations. Published values of phytate degradation in broilers are overall higher than those in laying hens. Differences also exist between broiler chickens and growing turkeys and Pekin ducks. The exogenous supplementation of microbial phytases and the introduction of transgenic high phytase maize in poultry diets are efficient not only for the improvement of phytate-P digestibility, production performance, egg quality and bone mineralization, but also for the reduction of P excreta to control environmental impact.
关键词: broiler ducks high phytase maize laying hens low phytate maize phytase turkeys
孙莉,苏根强,刘艳梅,赵闫闫,史刚荣
《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第3期 页码 70-75
采用盆栽试验,以玉米品种苏玉19为试材,在每次复水第7天同时测定不同处理植株的生物量、根冠比、叶绿素荧光、气体交换以及光谱特征等指标。结果表明,持续干旱处理抑制植株生长,增加根冠比,并通过气孔限制和非气孔限制因素抑制光合作用。持续干旱处理幼苗的mSR705、chlNDI和REP均显著小于对照,但对SIPI的影响不显著。多变低水环境下玉米幼苗生长明显受到抑制,但根冠比、叶绿素荧光、气体交换以及光谱特征等指标与正常供水没有差异。可见,生物量分配、光合作用和光谱特征的维持可能是玉米适应多变低水环境的重要生理机制。
LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 432-446 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021403
Intercropping increases crop yields by optimizing light interception and/or use efficiency. Although intercropping combinations and metrics have been reported, the effects of plant density on light use are not well documented. Here, we examined the light interception and use efficiency in maize-peanut intercropping with different maize plant densities in two row configurations in semiarid dryland agriculture over a two-year period. The field experiment comprised four cropping systems, i.e. monocropped maize, monocropped peanut, maize-peanut intercropping with two rows of maize and four rows of peanut, intercropping with four rows of maize and four rows of peanut, and three maize plant densities (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 plants m−1 row) in both monocropped and intercropping maize. The mean total light interception in intercropping across years and densities was 779 MJ·m−2, 5.5% higher than in monocropped peanut (737 MJ·m−2) and 7.6% lower than in monocropped maize (843 MJ·m−2). Increasing maize density increased light interception in monocropped maize but did not affect the total light interception in the intercrops. Across years the LUE of maize was 2.9 g·MJ−1 and was not affected by cropping system but increased with maize plant density. The LUE of peanut was enhanced in intercropping, especially in a wetter year. The yield advantage of maize-peanut intercropping resulted mainly from the LUE of peanut. These results will help to optimize agronomic management and system design and provide evidence for system level light use efficiency in intercropping.
关键词: dryland agriculture light interception light use efficiency maize-peanut intercropping semiarid
Effectiveness of ten commercial maize cultivars in inducing Egyptian broomrape germination
Xiaoxin YE,Jinnan JIA,Yongqing MA,Yu AN,Shuqi DONG
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第2期 页码 137-146 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016098
关键词: allelopathy Egyptian broomrape maize seed germination trap crop
Meng DUAN, Jin XIE, Xiaomin MAO
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第2期 页码 144-161 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019258
Based on our previous work modeling crop growth (CropSPAC) and water and heat transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), the model was improved by considering the effect of plastic film mulching applied to field-grown maize in North-west China. In CropSPAC, a single layer canopy model and a multi-layer soil model were adopted to simulate the energy partition between the canopy and water and heat transfer in the soil, respectively. The maize growth module included photosynthesis, growth stage calculation, biomass accumulation, and participation. The CropSPAC model coupled the maize growth module and SPAC water and heat transfer module through leaf area index (LAI), plant height and soil moisture condition in the root zone. The LAI and plant height were calculated from the maize growth module and used as input for the SPAC water and heat transfer module, and the SPAC module output for soil water stress conditions used as an input for maize growth module. We used , the representation of evaporation resistance, instead of the commonly used evaporation resistance to reflect the change of latent heat flux of soil evaporation under film mulching as well as the induced change in energy partition. The model was tested in a maize field at Yingke irrigation area in North-west China. Results showed reasonable agreement between the simulations and measurements of LAI, above-ground biomass and soil water content. Compared with the original model, the modified model was more reliable for maize growth simulation under film mulching and showed better accuracy for the LAI (with the coefficient of determination = 0.92, the root mean square of error RMSE= 1.23, and the Nush-Suttclife efficiency E = 0.87), the above-ground biomass (with = 0.96, RMSE= 7.17 t·ha and E = 0.95) and the soil water content in 0–1 m soil layer (with = 0.78, RMSE= 49.44 mm and E = 0.26). Scenarios were considered to simulate the influence of future climate change and film mulching on crop growth, soil water and heat conditions, and crop yield. The simulations indicated that the change of LAI, leaf biomass and yield are negatively correlated with temperature change, but the growing degree-days, evaporation, soil water content and soil temperature are positively correlated with temperature change. With an increase in the ratio of film mulching area, the evaporation will decrease, while the impact of film mulching on crop transpiration is not significant. In general, film mulching is effective in saving water, preserving soil moisture, increasing soil surface temperature, shortening the potential growth period, and increasing the potential yield of maize.
关键词: film mulching growth stage leaf area index maize growth water and heat transfer
Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第4期 页码 295-310 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015074
关键词: AquaCrop summer maize soil water balance water productivity
Xiaoyi WEI,Weiqiang ZHANG,Qian ZHANG,Pei SUN,Zhaohu LI,Mingcai ZHANG,Jianmin LI,Liusheng DUAN
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第3期 页码 263-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016103
Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China
Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第1期 页码 55-64 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016091
关键词: yield components biomass partitioning harvest index irrigation nitrogen maize for seed production
null
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期 页码 313-320 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019282
Phosphate is supplied to agriculture by mining and fertilizer production, followed by different steps of phosphate utilization, including primary production, feed and food consumption, and conversion of biomass, with accumulation in soils, but little recycling and severe environmental losses. Phosphate is a limited essential nutrient, however, with very uneven distribution worldwide. Closing the cycle and reducing primary phosphate consumption are fundamental future challenges. Maize has a relatively high phosphate requirement. China and Germany together cover the whole range of maize production systems. The new Sino-German international research training group “Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources” (AMAIZE-P) was initiated in 2018 as a joint venture of the China Agricultural University (Beijing, China) and the University of Hohenheim (Stuttgart, Germany). The interdisciplinary and complementary research is driven by the hypothesis that under phosphate limited conditions, high productivity and high phosphate use efficiency can be achieved simultaneously by adapting phosphate cycling and availability (sources) to the multipurpose phosphate demands (sinks) in maize-based food-feed-energy systems. The educational program for doctoral researchers in China and Germany includes joint block seminars, thematic field trips, case studies, methodological courses, doctoral researchers’ conferences, intercultural training sessions and personal training.
关键词: international research training group limited resources maize phosphate
Quanxiao FANG, Liwang MA, Lajpat Rai AHUJA, Thomas James TROUT, Robert Wayne MALONE, Huihui ZHANG, Dongwei GUI, Qiang YU
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第2期 页码 172-184 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017139
关键词: RZWQM ET-based irrigation schedule maize water constrains
Identification of cadmium-induced genes in maize seedlings by suppression subtractive hybridization
Quanlin DAI, Baifei HUANG, Zhongyi YANG, Jiangang YUAN, Junzhi YANG
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第4期 页码 449-458 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0250-x
关键词:
null
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期 页码 443-444 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019288
Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第1期 页码 25-33 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016090
关键词: harvest index cultivar selection deficit irrigation root water uptake straw mulching
Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第2期 页码 161-170 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016104
关键词: infiltration initial soil water content rainfall simulation soil loss straw mulching
Genetic study and molecular breeding for high phosphorus use efficiency in maize
null
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期 页码 366-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019278
Phosphorus is the second most important macronutrient after nitrogen and it has many vital functions in the life of plants. Most soils have a low available P content, which has become a key limiting factor for increasing crop production. Also, low P use efficiency (PUE) of crops in conjunction with excessive application of P fertilizers has resulted in serious environmental problems. Thus, dissecting the genetic architecture of crop PUE, mining related quantitative trait loci (QTL) and using molecular breeding methods to improve high PUE germplasm are of great significance and serve as an efficient approach for the development of sustainable agriculture. In this review, molecular and phenotypic characteristics of maize inbred lines with high PUE, related QTL and genes as well as low-P responses are summarized. Based on this, a breeding strategy applying genomic selection as the core, and integrating the existing genetic information and molecular breeding techniques is proposed for breeding high PUE maize inbred lines and hybrids.
关键词: maize phosphorus use efficiency quantitative trait loci genetic study molecular breeding genomic selection
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Phytate and phosphorus utilization by broiler chickens and laying hens fed maize-based diets
Qiugang MA, Markus RODEHUTSCORD, Moritz NOVOTNY, Lan LI, Luqing YANG
期刊论文
LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING
期刊论文
Effectiveness of ten commercial maize cultivars in inducing Egyptian broomrape germination
Xiaoxin YE,Jinnan JIA,Yongqing MA,Yu AN,Shuqi DONG
期刊论文
Modeling water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum applied to maize growth under plastic
Meng DUAN, Jin XIE, Xiaomin MAO
期刊论文
Quantitative analysis of yield and soil water balance for summer maize on the piedmont of the North China
Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI
期刊论文
Analysis of differential expression of genes induced by ethephon in elongating internodes of maize plants
Xiaoyi WEI,Weiqiang ZHANG,Qian ZHANG,Pei SUN,Zhaohu LI,Mingcai ZHANG,Jianmin LI,Liusheng DUAN
期刊论文
Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China
Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU
期刊论文
Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources—a
null
期刊论文
Long-term simulation of growth stage-based irrigation scheduling in maize under various water constraints
Quanxiao FANG, Liwang MA, Lajpat Rai AHUJA, Thomas James TROUT, Robert Wayne MALONE, Huihui ZHANG, Dongwei GUI, Qiang YU
期刊论文
Identification of cadmium-induced genes in maize seedlings by suppression subtractive hybridization
Quanlin DAI, Baifei HUANG, Zhongyi YANG, Jiangang YUAN, Junzhi YANG
期刊论文
Comments on “Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate
null
期刊论文
Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China
Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE
期刊论文
Effect of mulching with maize straw on water infiltration and soil loss at different initial soil moistures
Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA
期刊论文