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设计 19

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优化设计 9

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多目标优化 7

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The Research Review of the Impact of Design to Construction Safety

Lin Yang,Qi-ming Li

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第3期页码 224-227 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015044

摘要： The constructability of design impacts the project construction process. Early researches categorized the constructability problems into two types, the construction-technique-associated and the project-target-associated. And furthermore, this paper proposes a new kind of constructability problem which associated with construction safety. Finally, it makes suggestions for research of the safety associated constructability.

关键词： constructability construction safety prevention thought design

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创新思维在工程中的应用

周世宁

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第9期页码 1-4

摘要：

文章对创新人才的素质，创新思维应遵循的基本原则，创新思维的方法和步骤作了简要论述；用实践的经验说明了科学的思维方法在解决工程技术问题中所起的作用，并强调指出，自信、强烈的创造愿望以及深厚和广博的知识是创新的基础。

关键词：创新思维创造愿望工程

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试论人类水事活动的新思维

李佩成

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第2期页码 5-9

摘要：

总结过去，展望未来，作者提出新世纪人类水事活动的新思维，并用大量事例和数据作了论证，认为在21世纪的水事活动中必须正确处理人类活动、水体动态、生态环境、经济发展与社会进步的关系，简称人-水-环-发-社关系；要特别把握人类水事活动和其它人类活动对水体动态的长期影响及其逆反作用；要把水库视为保护和恢复水源的决定性措施加以实现；正确处理耕地、绿地和水域的关系，保护并适当增大水体面积，保护沼泽，关心小河小水的命运；在未来水事活动中要从与天的抗争转变为适应与利用，充分运用各种信息技术建立“信息水利”，并通过对水文气象的把握，经营“应变农业”，从而在获得足够农产品的同时能在用水量最大的部门求得战略性的节水途径。

关键词：水事活动节水水保护新思维

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基于本质安全的工业事故风险管理方法研究

吴宗之

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第5期页码 46-49

摘要：

从风险管理角度对生产过程中的安全防护方法进行了分类和论述，提出了基于本质安全思想的工业事故综合风险管理方法与程序，其核心内容是在常规的危险辨识和风险评价基础上，优先应用本质安全原理来减少、消除危险，综合采用无源安全措施、有源安全措施或多层安全防护措施与功能安全标准，将风险降低至可接受水平；提出了本质安全应与清洁生产、绿色化学、循环经济同等纳入优先发展的技术和政策等建议。

关键词：本质安全风险管理事故预防安全设计

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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 135-144 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0331-5

摘要：

Chronic hepatitis B is a major health problem in China. The universal vaccination program since 1992 has changed the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in China from highly to moderately endemic. The most prevalent hepatitis B virus strains in China are genotypes B and C, whereas those in western provinces are genotypes D and C/D hybrid. Chronic hepatitis B poses a heavy burden to the society in China. Different treatment strategies have been explored to improve patient outcomes in a cost-effective manner. However, antiviral drugs with a low genetic barrier to resistance are still extensively used because of the generally low income and limited resources in China. Individualized antiviral therapy is closely associated with translational medicine, which utilizes information from studies on genomics, immune biomarkers, and fibrosis. The results of these studies are crucial in further improving treatment outcomes.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B epidemiology prevention treatment

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Exploration of Strategies for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control and Relevant System Development

Long-de Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 2-12 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015002

摘要： Chronic non-communicable diseases have become a major threat to humanity. International studies have shown that of 57 million deaths worldwide in 2008, 36 million (63%) were caused by chronic non-communicable diseases; of these, 29 million (80%) occurred in low and middle income countries. The WHO predicts that if the current trend continues, the annual number of deaths due to chronic non-communicable diseases will increase to 55 million by 2030. Due to acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, along with population aging and rapid changes of people’s lifestyle, the morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases are rapidly increasing in China. Therefore, dealing with the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases has become one of the current major health issues for China to address. On the basis of summarizing the status of major chronic diseases in China, analyzing the key issues and key factors in chronic disease prevention and control, and reviewing and summarizing the experience from the previous projects, this paper proposes the following recommendations as strategies for chronic disease prevention and control and development of relevant system, which China should adopt. All relevant government departments should formulate corresponding policies; establish a coordinated and efficient work system with rational structure and clear division of tasks and responsibilities within the system. Implementation and development of “integrated medicine” in system is necessary. Work norms and requirements will then improve the performance and efficiency in chronic disease prevention and control in China.

关键词： chronic disease prevention and control strategy and system construction

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Construction of the vessel-collateral theory and its guidance for prevention and treatment of vasculopathy

Yiling Wu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 118-122 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0140-z

摘要： According to the self-discipline of traditional Chinese medicine, vessel-collateral theory was constructed systematically, which was important to improving prevention and treatment level of vasculopathy. The hypothesis of “homeostasis ( ), compensatory auto-adaptation ( ), regulation ( ) and equilibrium ( )” based on the “qi–yin-yang–five elements” coupled with the (nutrients)- (defense) theory, has become the core content of the vessel-collateral theory. Clinical and laboratory trials have been developed to further confirm the scientific connotations of the hypothesis, such as capsule, as the representative drugs of vessel collateral theory, showed good efficacy in protecting the vascular endothelium, stabilizing the vulnerable plaque and reducing the blood vessel spasm. “Sou, ti, shu, tong” was the characteristics of capsule in treating “microvascular damage” as the core mechanism of acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and microvascular complications of diabetes. capsules in the treatment of arrhythmia have made integrated adjustment advantage. capsules have been made treating both manifestation and root cause of chronic heart failure. These research have improved prevention and treatment level of major vascular system diseases.

关键词： vessel-collateral theory vasculopathy prevention and treatment

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Stroke prevention: an update

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 22-34 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0178-6

摘要：

Stroke is a personal, familial, and social disaster. It is the third cause of death worldwide, the first cause of acquired disability, the second cause of dementia, and its cost is astronomic. The burden of stroke is likely to increase given the aging of the population and the growing incidence of many vascular risk factors. Prevention of stroke includes—as for all other diseases—a “mass approach” aiming at decreasing the risk at the society level and an individual approach, aiming at reducing the risk in a given subject. The mass approach is primarily based on the identification and treatment of vascular risk factors and, if possible, in the implementation of protective factors. These measures are the basis of primary prevention but most of them have now been shown to be also effective in secondary prevention. The individual approach combines a vascular risk factor modification and various treatments addressing the specific subtypes of stroke, such as antiplatelet drugs for the prevention of cerebral infarction in large and small artery diseases of the brain, carotid endarterectomy or stenting for tight carotid artery stenosis, and oral anticoagulants for the prevention of cardiac emboli. There is a growing awareness of the huge evidence-to-practice gap that exists in stroke prevention largely due to socio-economic factors. Recent approaches include low cost intervention packages to reduce blood pressure and cheap “polypills” combining in a single tablet aspirin and several drugs to lower blood pressure and cholesterol. Polypill intake should however not lead to abandon the healthy life-style measures which remain the mainstay of stroke prevention.

关键词： stroke prevention vascular risk factors cerebral infarction cerebral hemorrhage anti-thrombotic drugs carotid endarterectomy

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论钱学森关于科学与艺术的思想

钱学敏

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第11期页码 1-9

摘要：

文章从钱学森的大科学观的角度，阐述了科学与艺术的关系。科学与艺术既有区别，又是相通的。科学知识及科学思维（量智）与文艺知识及艺术思维（性智），相互融合，相互促进，是涌现大成智慧与创新思维的基本要义。

关键词：量智性智科学思维艺术思维大成智慧

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Health: a dream from reality to the future

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 233-235 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0444-0

摘要：

This paper argues that health is a realistic productive force that may enhance the index of happiness. As the basis of all developments and the source of a person’s and his/her family’s happiness, health requires not only primary and secondary prevention, but also policy prevention, that is to say, grade-zero prevention. Therefore, people should pay more attention to Health in All Policies. As a new preventive strategy, the policy prevention will help improve people’s health significantly and promote the concepts of “Healthy China” and “the Chinese Dream” or “the World Dream” to realize a dream from reality to the future.

关键词： health promotion primary and secondary prevention policy prevention infectious disease non-communicable disease

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考虑调度员思维过程的智能电网态势感知构架 Review

You-bo LIU,Jun-yong LIU,Gareth TAYLOR,Ting-jian LIU,Jing GOU,Xi ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第11期页码 1107-1121 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601516

摘要：现阶段，智能电网运行环境比以往更加复杂。新能源渗透、市场化、网络安全以及自然灾害等大量因素，给电网控制中心带来诸多挑战甚至威胁。电网调度员需要新的技术支持，以快速、准确地感知电网运行态势，并采取相应措施。为解决此难题，我们首次引入并介绍了调度环节中新兴态势感知技术的背景和需求。为使读者更好地理解这个领域的最新研究进展，本文综述了态势感知的一般概念和相关技术要求。为更好地指导调度员在实时电网运行中准确、迅速地采取措施，本文讨论了在态势感知架构设计中融合调度员思维的重要性。最后，本文分析了态势感知构架的研究前景，希冀以先进、可视化的方式构造态势感知模型。

关键词：智能电网；态势感知；调度员思维过程；技术构架

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Taizhou’s COVID-19 prevention and control experience with telemedicine features

Cenyi Shao, Shijian Li, Feng Zhu, Dahai Zhao, Hui Shao, Haixiao Chen, Zhiruo Zhang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 506-510 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0811-8

摘要： The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world. As of May 30, 2020, a total of 84 568 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been recorded in China, with a mortality rate of approximately 5.5%. Taizhou is a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang Province. A total of 146 cases were diagnosed in this epidemic, with a fatality rate of 0%. This condition is due to the establishment of an “Internet+” diagnosis and treatment model based on online medical application (APP), telemedicine, WeChat service, and consultation hotline in Taizhou. Taizhou led in opening the “COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment Special Line” in China, which is conducive to pre-hospital screening, suppressing social panic, and clinical support. Hospitals also carried out related online lectures and popularization of science. We summarize Taizhou’s COVID-19 prevention and control experience with telemedicine features, with a view to providing reference for the control of the epidemic at home and abroad.

关键词： COVID-19 telemedicine prevention experience

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Developments in cancer prevention and treatment using traditional Chinese medicine

Hongsheng Lin, Jie Liu, Ying Zhang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 127-133 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0137-7

摘要： Through the joint efforts of several generations of practitioners in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and integrated medicine of oncology, we have made some achievements in cancer treatment using TCM in over 50 years, including treatment concepts, methods, and basic and clinical research. Currently, TCM plays an indispensable role in cancer prevention and treatment. However, we also clearly recognize that there are some issues that have yet to be resolved. In the future, cancer treated with TCM will face unprecedented opportunities and challenges. This article reviews the developments of TCM in the treatment of cancer.

关键词： traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cancer

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Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment

Solmaz Ohadian Moghadam, Seyed Ali Momeni

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 11-32 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7

摘要： The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.

关键词： microbiome prostate cancer prevention treatment molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) biomarker

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Disaster prevention and reduction in Anthropocene

Sha Chen,Bo Tao,Wei Ren

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0882-6

摘要： Natural disasters cause considerable property damage and loss of life as well as destruction of ecosystem and natural resources. In the context of global change, extreme events are expected to increase in both frequency and intensity. To prevent natural disasters and mitigate the loss, we need to act quickly and effectively. It would be conducive to achieve sustainable economic development, reduce disaster vulnerabilities and risks, and build resilience through implementing effective measures of disaster prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery.

关键词： natural disasters global change Sendai Framework